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Adaptive Languages

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Adaptive Languages

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Author : Christian Bentz
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-06-11

Adaptive Languages written by Christian Bentz and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Languages carry information. To fulfil this purpose, they employ a multitude of coding strategies. This book explores a core property of linguistic coding – called lexical diversity. Parallel text corpora of overall more than 1800 texts written in more than 1200 languages are the basis for computational analyses. Different measures of lexical diversity are discussed and tested, and Shannon’s measure of uncertainty – the entropy – is chosen to assess differences in the distributions of words. To further explain this variation, a range of descriptive, explanatory, and grouping factors are considered in a series of statistical models. The first category includes writing systems, word-formation patterns, registers and styles. The second category includes population size, non-native speaker proportions and language status. Grouping factors further elicit whether the results extrapolate across – or are limited to – specific language families and areas. This account marries information-theoretic methods with a complex systems framework, illustrating how languages adapt to the varying needs of their users. It sheds light on the puzzling diversity of human languages in a quantitative, data driven and reproducible manner.

Adaptive Languages

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Author : Christian Bentz
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-06-11

Language Adaptation

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Author : Florian Coulmas
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989

Language Adaptation written by Florian Coulmas and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Language Adaptation examines the process by which a speech community is forced to adopt an active role in making its language suitable for changing functional requirements. This wide-ranging collection of essays looks at this phenomenon from a variety of historical and synchronic perspectives, and brings together the work of a number of leading scholars in the field. Several different languages are examined at different stages of their history, including Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Kiswahili, German and Hindi. This well-informed book is a significant contribution to the existing literature on language planning, and is the first to use one theoretical concept to deal with the relationship between natural and deliberate language change. It shows that language adaptation is a particular aspect of language change, and thus establishes a link between the social and the historical study of language. It will appeal to graduate students and professionals in linguistics and the social sciences, as well as to practitioners of language planning.

Multilingual Speech Processing

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Author : Tanja Schultz
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-06-12

Multilingual Speech Processing written by Tanja Schultz and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-12 with Computers categories.

Tanja Schultz and Katrin Kirchhoff have compiled a comprehensive overview of speech processing from a multilingual perspective. By taking this all-inclusive approach to speech processing, the editors have included theories, algorithms, and techniques that are required to support spoken input and output in a large variety of languages. Multilingual Speech Processing presents a comprehensive introduction to research problems and solutions, both from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective, and highlights technology that incorporates the increasing necessity for multilingual applications in our global community. Current challenges of speech processing and the feasibility of sharing data and system components across different languages guide contributors in their discussions of trends, prognoses and open research issues. This includes automatic speech recognition and speech synthesis, but also speech-to-speech translation, dialog systems, automatic language identification, and handling non-native speech. The book is complemented by an overview of multilingual resources, important research trends, and actual speech processing systems that are being deployed in multilingual human-human and human-machine interfaces. Researchers and developers in industry and academia with different backgrounds but a common interest in multilingual speech processing will find an excellent overview of research problems and solutions detailed from theoretical and practical perspectives. - State-of-the-art research with a global perspective by authors from the USA, Asia, Europe, and South Africa - The only comprehensive introduction to multilingual speech processing currently available - Detailed presentation of technological advances integral to security, financial, cellular and commercial applications

Library Of Congress Subject Headings

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Author : Library of Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Library Of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Subject headings, Library of Congress categories.

Wac And Second Language Writers

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Author : Terry Myers Zawacki
language : en
Publisher: Parlor Press LLC
Release Date : 2014-05-14

Wac And Second Language Writers written by Terry Myers Zawacki and has been published by Parlor Press LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Foreign Language Study categories.

Editors and contributors pursue the ambitious goal of including within WAC theory, research, and practice the differing perspectives, educational experiences, and voices of second-language writers. The chapters within this collection not only report new research but also share a wealth of pedagogical, curricular, and programmatic practices relevant to second-language writers. Representing a range of institutional perspectives—including those of students and faculty at public universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, and English-language schools—and a diverse set of geographical and cultural contexts, the editors and contributors report on work taking place in the United States, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.

Implementing Response To Intervention To Address The Needs Of English Language Learners

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Author : Holly S. Hudspath-Niemi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-26

Implementing Response To Intervention To Address The Needs Of English Language Learners written by Holly S. Hudspath-Niemi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-26 with Education categories.

There is considerable concern surrounding the complex issue of how to meet the learning needs of English-language learners within general and special education programs. Implementing Response-to-Intervention to Address the Needs of English-Language Learners increases school psychologists’ knowledge of intervention strategies related to ELLs, through its examination of the challenges associated with evaluating ELLs and by providing a collaborative framework to enhance educational identification and placement in special education. It accomplishes this by incorporating research-based intervention approaches for ELLs and offering a comprehensive guide to the processes and tools that school teams should consider when utilizing a response to intervention model to support the academic and behavioral needs of ELLs. With a strong focus on alternative assessment, collaboration, and parental involvement, this volume in a definitive touchstone in the quest to provide culturally responsive pedagogy and appropriate adapted classroom instruction for English-language learners of various proficiency levels.

Learning In The Synergy Of Multiple Disciplines

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Author : Ulrike Cress
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-10-01

Learning In The Synergy Of Multiple Disciplines written by Ulrike Cress and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-01 with Education categories.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2009, held in Nice, France in September/October 2009. The 35 revised full papers, 17 short papers, and 35 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 136 paper submissions and 22 poster submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on adaptation and personalization, interoperability, semantic Web, Web 2.0., data mining and social networks, collaboration and social knowledge construction, learning communities and communities of practice, learning contexts, problem and project-based learning, inquiry, learning, learning design, motivation, engagement, learning games, and human factors and evaluation.

A Theory Of Architecture

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Author : Nikos Angelos Salingaros
language : en
Publisher: UMBAU-VERLAG Harald Püschel
Release Date : 2006

A Theory Of Architecture written by Nikos Angelos Salingaros and has been published by UMBAU-VERLAG Harald Püschel this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Architecture categories.

More than a decade in the making, this is a textbook of architecture rich with design techniques and useful for every architect whether a first-year students or experienced practicing architects. The book teaches the reader how to design by adapting to human needs and sensibilities, yet independently of any particular style. It explains much of what people instinctively know about architecture, and puts that knowledge for the first time in a concise, understandable form. There has not been such a book treating the very essence of architecture. Preface by the Prince of Wales

Synchronic And Diachronic Aspects Of Kanashi

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Author : Anju Saxena
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2022-02-21

Synchronic And Diachronic Aspects Of Kanashi written by Anju Saxena and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-21 with Foreign Language Study categories.

Kanashi, a Sino-Tibetan (ST) language belonging to the West Himalayish (WH) subbranch of this language family, is spoken in one single village (Malana in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh state, India), which is surrounded by villages where – entirely unrelated – Indo-Aryan (IA) languages are spoken. Until we started working on Kanashi, very little linguistic material was available. Researchers have long speculated about the prehistory of Kanashi: how did it happen that it ended up spoken in one single village, completely cut off from its closest linguistic relatives? Even though suggestions have been made of a close genealogical relation between Kanashi and Kinnauri (another WH language), at present separated by over 200 km of rugged mountainous terrain, their shared linguistic features have not been discussed in the literature. Based on primary fieldwork, this volume presents some synchronic and diachronic aspects of Kanashi. The synchronic description of Kanashi includes a general introduction on Malana and the Kanashi language community (chapter 1), linguistic descriptions of its sound system (chapter 2), of phonological variation in Kanashi (chapter 4), of its grammar (chapter 3) and of its intriguing numeral systems (chapter 5), as well as basic vocabulary lists (Kanashi-English, English-Kanashi) (chapter 9). As for the diachronic and genealogical aspects (chapters 6–8), we compare and contrast Kanashi with other ST languages of this region (in particular languages of Kinnaur, notably Kinnauri), thereby uncovering some intriguing linguistic features common to Kanashi and Kinnauri which provide insights into their common history. For instance: a subset of borrowed IA nouns and adjectives in both languages end in -(a)ŋ or -(a)s, elements which do not otherwise appear in Kanashi or Kinnauri, nor in the IA donor languages (chapter 6); and both languages have a valency changing mechanism where the valency increasing marker -jaː alternates with the intransitive marker -e(d) in borrowed IA verbs (again: elements without an obvious provenance in the donor or recipient language) (chapter 7). These features are neither found in IA languages nor in the WH languages geographically closest to Kanashi (Pattani, Bunan, Tinani), but only in Kinnauri, which is spoken further away. Intriguingly, traces of some of these features are also found in some ST languages belonging to different ST subgroups (both WH and non-WH), spoken in Uttarakhand in India and in western Nepal (e.g. Rongpo, Chaudangsi, Raji and Raute). This raises fundamental questions regarding genealogical classification, language contact and prehistory of the WH group of languages and of this part of the Indian Himalayas, which are also discussed in the volume (chapter 8).

Adaptive Languages

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