Affective Empathy In Children
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Affective Empathy In Children
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Author : Kirsten R. Hunter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Affective Empathy In Children written by Kirsten R. Hunter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Behavior disorders in children categories.
Abstract: Empathy is a construct that plays a pivotal role in the development of interpersonal relationships, and thus ones ability to function socially and often professionally. The development of empathy in children is therefore of particular interest to allow for further understanding of normative and atypical developmental trajectories. This thesis investigated the assessment of affective empathy in children aged 5-12, through the development and comparison of a multimethod assessment approach. Furthermore this thesis evaluated the differential relationships between affective empathy and global behavioural problems in children versus the presence of early psychopathic traits, such as callous-unemotional traits. The first component of this study incorporated; a measure of facial expression of affective empathy, and self-reported experience of affective empathy, as measured by the newly designed Griffith Empathy Measure - Video Observation (GEM-VO) and the Griffith Empathy Measure - Self Report (GEM-SR); the Bryant's Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (1982) which is a traditional child self-report measure; and a newly designed parent-report of child affective empathy (Griffith Empathy Measure - Parent Report; GEM-PR). -- Using a normative community sample of 211 children from grades 1, 3, 5, and 7 (aged 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, & 11-12, respectively), the GEM-PR and the Bryant were found to have moderate to strong internal consistency. As a measure of concurrent validity, strong positive correlations were found between the mother and father reports (GEM-PR) of their child's affective empathy, for grades 5 and 7, and for girls of all age groups. Using a convenience sample of 31 parents and children aged 5 to 12, the GEM-PR and the Bryant demonstrated strong test-retest reliability. The reliability of the GEM-VO and the GEM-SR were assessed using a convenience sample of 20 children aged 5 to 12. These measures involve the assessment of children's facial and verbal responses to emotionally evocative videotape vignettes. Children were unobtrusively videotaped while they watched the vignettes and their facial expressions were coded. Children were then interviewed to determine the emotions they attributed to stimulus persons and to themselves whilst viewing the material. Adequate to strong test-retest reliability was found for both measures. Using 30% from the larger sample of 211 participants (N=60), the GEM-VO also demonstrated robust inter-rater reliability. -- This multimethod approach to assessing child affective empathy produced differing age and gender trends. Facial affect as reported by the GEM-VO decreased with age. Similarly, the matching of child facial emotion to the vignette protagonist's facial emotion was higher in the younger grades. These findings suggest that measures that assess the matching of facial affect (i.e., GEM-VO) may be more appropriate for younger age groups who have not yet learnt to conceal their facial expression of emotion. Data from the GEM-SR suggests that older children are more verbally expressive of negative emotions then younger children, with older girls found to be the most verbally expressive of feeling the same emotion as the vignette character; a role more complimentary of the female gender socialization pressures. These findings are also indicative of the increase in emotional vocabulary and self-awareness in older children, supporting the validity of child self-report measures (based on observational stimuli) with older children. -- In comparing data from the GEM-VO and GEM-SR, this study found that for negative emotions the consistency between facial emotions coded and emotions verbally reported increased with age. This consistency across gender and amongst the older age groups provides encouraging concurrent validity, suggesting the results of one measure could be inferred through the exclusive use of the alternate measurement approach. In contrast, affective empathy as measured by the two measures; the accurate matching of the participant and vignette character's facial expression (GEM-VO), and the accurate matching of the self reported and vignette character's emotion (GEM-SR); were not found to converge. This finding is consistent with prior research and questions the assumption that facially expressed and self-appraised indexes of affective empathy are different aspects of a complex unified process. -- When evaluating the convergence of all four measures of affective empathy, negative correlations were found between the Bryant and the GEM-PR, these two measures were also found to not converge with the GEM-VO and GEM-SR in a consistent and predictable way. These findings pose the question of whether different aspects of the complex phenomena of affective empathy are being assessed. Furthermore, the validity of the exclusive use of a child self report measure such as the Bryant, which is the standard assessment in the literature, is questioned. -- The possibility that callous-unemotional traits (CU; a unique subgroup identified in the child psychopathy literature) may account for the mixed findings throughout research regarding the assumption that deficiencies in empathy underlie conduct problems in children, was examined using regression analysis. Using the previous sample of 211 children aged 5-12, conduct problems (CP) were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1999), and the CU subscale was used from the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Caputo, Frick, & Brodsky, 1999). Affective empathy when measured by the GEM-PR and the Bryant showed differing patterns in the relationship between affective empathy, CU traits and CP. While the GEM-Father reported that neither age, CU traits nor CP accounted for affective empathy variance, the GEM-Mother report supported that affective empathy was no longer associated with CP once CU traits had been partialled out. In contrast, the Bryant reported for girls, that CU traits were not found to have an underlying correlational relationship. It can be argued from the GEM-Mother data only that it was the unmeasured variance of CU traits that was accounting for the relationship between CP and affective empathy found in the literature. Furthermore, the comparison of an altered CU subscale with all possible empathy items removed, suggests that the constructs of CU traits and affective empathy are not synonymous or overlapping in nature, but rather are two independent constructs. -- This multimethod approach highlights the complexity of this research area, exemplifying the significant influence of the source of the reports, and suggesting that affective empathy consists of multiple components that are assessed to differing degrees by the different measurement approaches.
Teaching Children Empathy
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Author : Tonia Caselman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-11
Teaching Children Empathy written by Tonia Caselman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11 with Caring categories.
Helping children develop greater empathy-related awareness and skills can help prevent negative social behaviours such as bullying, meanness, and alienation. Empathy is a fundamental social emotion because it brings a sense of emotional connection to others. It is this awareness that is not only basic to all healthy relationships; it is the root of prosocial behaviour, altruism, kindness and peace. Empathy has cognitive, affective and behavioural components that can be learned and improved upon by children. The lessons and activities in this book are designed to: teach students the value of empathy; assist students in recognizing their own and others' feelings; help students put themselves in "someone else's shoes"; and instruct students how to exhibit understanding and acceptance. Each topic-related lesson includes five inviting worksheets that can be reproduced and used repeatedly with elementary school-aged students.
Affective And Cognitive Empathy In Conduct Disordered Children
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Author : Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Affective And Cognitive Empathy In Conduct Disordered Children written by Xenia Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The Assessment Of Empathy In Four Five And Six Year Old Children
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
The Assessment Of Empathy In Four Five And Six Year Old Children written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Empathy is recognized as a primary process that underlies most human interaction. It appears to be a fundamental building block for positive growth and development. Both research and cumulative wisdom indicate that individuals, at a very early age, have the capacity for empathy but vary markedly in their capacities to establish empathic ties. It appears that empathy evolves through a maturation process, but the critical ages of this process are unclear. Results in gender studies have been inconsistent and little research has been conducted concerning situational effects. The current study measures the differences in cognitive and affective empathy and prosocial behavior among four, five, and six-year-old girls and boys upon witnessing the distress of a peer as the result of peer-only, adult-only, and peer and adult disapproval. Two hundred forty-six four, five, and six-year-old children (165 females, 81 males) participated in the study. All of the children viewed five 1-3 minute excerpts taken from three popular children's videos. Two of the videos depicted joy in a peer, while three depicted distress in a peer. The distress resulted from three different sources of disapproval. After each excerpt, three questions were answered, each assessing a different component of empathy: cognitive, affective, and prosocial. Each child completed all of the questions and then filled out simple demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed on the responses to the three videos depicting distress using a MANOVA to compare mean differences on each of the three independent variables. A chi square statistic was used to compare differences in numbers of children who correctly (empathically) responded to each question regarding the three videos. Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and prosocial behavior were analyzed separately between and within age groups. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences among four, five, and six-year-olds in scores of cognitive, affective, and prosocial empathy but no significant differences between girls and boys. Significant differences were found within ages on the number of correct responses to cognitive, affective, and prosocial behavior. Also, significant differences were found within and between age groups across video content, but again, not between girls and boys. Overall, the current data suggest that empathy, in general, is present as early as four years of age. In fact, the cognitive and prosocial components of empathy seem to be well established in the character of most children by this time. The affective component of empathy, on the other hand, is not as evident even by age six, though precursors appear to be evolving. During ages four, five, and six, it appears that not only empathy is evolving, but an understanding of the situations that evoke empathic responding. Present findings suggest that age and situation are more important than gender in the development of empathy at this stage.
Unselfie
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Author : Michele Borba
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2016-06-07
Unselfie written by Michele Borba and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-07 with Education categories.
"According to Michele Borba, the woman Dr. Drew calls "the most trusted parenting expert in America," there's an empthy crisis among today's youth, who she dubs the "selfie generation." But the good news is that empathy is a skill that can -- and must -- be taught, and in UNSELFIE (her first book for a general trade audience) Borba offers a 9-step program to help parents cultivate empathy in children, from birth to young adulthood"--
Children S Understanding Of Emotion
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Author : Carolyn Saarni
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1989
Children S Understanding Of Emotion written by Carolyn Saarni and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Psychology categories.
This volume assembles the most recent thinking and empirical research from key theorists and researchers on how children, from preschool through early adolescence, make sense of their own and others' emotional experience. Contributors discuss the control of emotion, the role of culture, empathic experience, and the emerging theory of mind that is implicit in children's views of emotion. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Two Aspects Of Empathic Awareness In Young Children
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Author : Lisa Bernadette Partyka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Two Aspects Of Empathic Awareness In Young Children written by Lisa Bernadette Partyka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Child psychology categories.
Inclusion Play And Empathy
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Author : Susan Hart
language : en
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Release Date : 2016-09-21
Inclusion Play And Empathy written by Susan Hart and has been published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-21 with Psychology categories.
Contributions from early childhood educators, teachers, psychologists, music therapists, occupational therapists, and psychotherapists highlight the crucial role that early relationships and interactions in group settings play in the development of children's personal, emotional and social skills. The book features the latest research and methods for successfully encouraging the development of these skills in groups of children aged 4-12. It explores how play within children's groups can be facilitated in order to foster emotional and empathic capacities, how to overcome common challenges to inclusion in schools and introduces practical, creative approaches to cultivating a sense of unity and team spirit in children's groups.
Thrivers
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Author : Michele Borba, Ed. D.
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2021-03-02
Thrivers written by Michele Borba, Ed. D. and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-02 with Family & Relationships categories.
The bestselling author of UnSelfie offers 7 teachable traits that will safeguard our kids for the future. We think we have to push our kids to do more, achieve more, BE more. But we’re modeling the wrong traits—like rule-following and caution—and research shows it’s NOT working. This kind of “Striver” mindset isn’t just making kids unhappier, says Dr. Michele Borba…it’s actually the opposite of what it takes to thrive in the uncertain world ahead. Thrivers are different: they flourish in our fast-paced, digital-driven, often uncertain world. Why? Through her in-depth research, Dr. Borba discovered that the difference comes down not to grades or test scores, but to seven character traits that set Thrivers apart—confidence, empathy, self-control, integrity, curiosity, perseverance, and optimism. The even better news: these traits can be taught to children at any age…in fact, parents and educations must do so. In Thrivers, Dr. Borba offers practical, actionable ways to develop these traits in children from preschool through high school, showing how to teach kids how to cope today so they can thrive tomorrow.
Affective Empathy And Altruistic Behavior In Young Children
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Author : Joseph Michael Price
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Affective Empathy And Altruistic Behavior In Young Children written by Joseph Michael Price and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Altruism categories.