Airway Epithelium
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Airway Epithelium
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Author : Jonathan Widdicombe
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2012-11-01
Airway Epithelium written by Jonathan Widdicombe and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-01 with Medical categories.
The airways are lined with a film of fluid 10 μm deep that acts as the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, dirt, and noxious vapors. Transepithelial fluid movements driven by active transepithelial ion transport serve to regulate the depth of this “airway surface liquid”. In the larger airways, a mucus gel derived from both glands and surface epithelium entraps inhaled particles, which are then removed by the coordinated beating of cilia. Both glands and epithelium secrete a wide variety of antimicrobial and other protective substances in addition to mucins. Substances released across the basolateral surface of the epithelium attract leukocytes and influence neighboring tissues. Here, after reviewing the basic structure of mammalian airway epithelium, I discuss its various defensive functions and how they are altered in airway disease.
The Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Body Microenvironment
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Author : Inge Brouns
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-05
The Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Body Microenvironment written by Inge Brouns and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-05 with Medical categories.
This monograph sheds new light on pulmonary sensory receptors. Diving into the pulmonary microenvironment, the book focuses on the role of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) as potential receptors and effectors, able to store and release neurotransmitters. It explores NEBs as potential stem cell niche and highlights the multidisciplinary approach taken to identify and study NEBs, including functional morphological investigation, live cell imaging, genetic models, and laser microdissection combined with gene expression analysis. Complexly organized NEBs are an integral part of the intrapulmonary airway epithelium of all air-breathing vertebrates. For decades a quest has been going on to unravel the functional significance of these intriguing structures that appear to be modified in the course of many pulmonary diseases. The NEB microenvironment (ME) is composed of organoid clusters of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) that are able to store and release neurotransmitters and are closely contacted by extensive nerve terminals, emphasizing a potential receptor/effector role and probable signalling to the central nervous system. PNECs are largely shielded from the airway lumen by a special type of Clara cells, the Clara-like cells, with potential stem cell characteristics. So far, functional studies of the pulmonary NEB ME revealed that PNECs can be activated by various mechanical and chemical stimuli, resulting in a calcium-mediated release of neurotransmitters. In the past decades, a number of publications have exposed NEBs as potential hypoxia sensors. Recent experimental evidence unveiled that the NEB ME is a quiescent stem cell niche in healthy postnatal lungs, and silencing may involve bone morphogenetic protein signalling mediated by vagal afferents. Only an integrated approach that takes all current information into account will be able to explain the full role of the pulmonary NEB ME in health and disease. This highly informative and carefully presented book, provides insights for researchers, PhD students with an interest in (bio)medical and veterinary science, especially in the field of the autonomic innervation of the lung, chemo-and mechanoreceptors
The Airway Epithelium
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Author : Stephen Farmer
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1991-08-21
The Airway Epithelium written by Stephen Farmer and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-08-21 with Medical categories.
In 18 contributed chapters (including one by the editors), this reference discusses molecular, biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological roles of the epithelium both in healthy and diseased airways providing detailed descriptions of the structures and functions of different airway epithelial c
Airway Epithelium
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Author : Stephen G. Farmer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Airway Epithelium written by Stephen G. Farmer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Endothelium categories.
The Pulmonary Epithelium In Health And Disease
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Author : David Proud
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-30
The Pulmonary Epithelium In Health And Disease written by David Proud and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-30 with Science categories.
"This is essential reading for everyone who would like to update their knowledge of the pulmonary epithelium. It offers a comparison between laboratory animal models and human lungs, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two, which will be particularly useful to researchers." –Doody's, April 2009 The past two decades have seen extraordinary advances in our understanding of the role of the pulmonary epithelium in airway health and disease. Our understanding of epithelial biology has expanded exponentially in the past decade. This book provides a unique comprehensive description of the structure of the epithelium, its damage by various agents and the mechanism of epithelial repair. In addition, it's detailed coverage includes not only the multiple ways in which the epithelium contributes to host defence, but also the nature and functional consequences of the interactions of inhaled pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, allergens and pollutants. the role of the epithelium in regulating airway inflammation and structure is also discussed, as is the role of the epithelium as a target for inhaled medications and as a route for novel drug delivery. Containing chapters on multiple aspects of epithelial function in health and disease, each one is written by a leader in the field. This is essential reading for pulmonary researchers and physicians requiring detailed advanced understanding of the epithelium as well as those working in allergy, biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
Immune Responses Of The Mucosal Epithelium In Chronic Lung Diseases
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Author : Loic Guillot
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-02-09
Immune Responses Of The Mucosal Epithelium In Chronic Lung Diseases written by Loic Guillot and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-09 with Medical categories.
Cilia And Mucus
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Author : Matthias Salathe
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-07-27
Cilia And Mucus written by Matthias Salathe and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-27 with Medical categories.
This book details advances in research regarding cilia, mucus, and mucociliary clearance, examining changes in mucus expression and goblet cell metaplasia, and assessing the ability of the mucociliary system to respond to abnormalities. Recognizes that cilia and dynein arms play pivotal roles in developing mammalian embryos! Examines the rol
The Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Body Microenvironment
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Author : Inge Brouns
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Body Microenvironment written by Inge Brouns and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This monograph sheds new light on pulmonary sensory receptors. Diving into the pulmonary microenvironment, the book focuses on the role of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) as potential receptors and effectors, able to store and release neurotransmitters. It explores NEBs as potential stem cell niche and highlights the multidisciplinary approach taken to identify and study NEBs, including functional morphological investigation, live cell imaging, genetic models, and laser microdissection combined with gene expression analysis. Complexly organized NEBs are an integral part of the intrapulmonary airway epithelium of all air-breathing vertebrates. For decades a quest has been going on to unravel the functional significance of these intriguing structures that appear to be modified in the course of many pulmonary diseases. The NEB microenvironment (ME) is composed of organoid clusters of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) that are able to store and release neurotransmitters and are closely contacted by extensive nerve terminals, emphasizing a potential receptor/effector role and probable signalling to the central nervous system. PNECs are largely shielded from the airway lumen by a special type of Clara cells, the Clara-like cells, with potential stem cell characteristics. So far, functional studies of the pulmonary NEB ME revealed that PNECs can be activated by various mechanical and chemical stimuli, resulting in a calcium-mediated release of neurotransmitters. In the past decades, a number of publications have exposed NEBs as potential hypoxia sensors. Recent experimental evidence unveiled that the NEB ME is a quiescent stem cell niche in healthy postnatal lungs, and silencing may involve bone morphogenetic protein signalling mediated by vagal afferents. Only an integrated approach that takes all current information into account will be able to explain the full role of the pulmonary NEB ME in health and disease. This highly informative and carefully presented book, provides insights for researchers, PhD students with an interest in (bio)medical and veterinary science, especially in the field of the autonomic innervation of the lung, chemo-and mechanoreceptors.
Mucus Hypersecretion In Respiratory Disease
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Author : Derek J. Chadwick
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-07-07
Mucus Hypersecretion In Respiratory Disease written by Derek J. Chadwick and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-07 with Science categories.
A number of chronic respiratory diseases including chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis are characterized by mucus hypersecretion. Following damage to the airway epithelium, a repair process of dedifferentiation, regenerative proliferation and redifferentiation takes place that is invariably accompanied by mucus hypersecretion as a key element in the host defence mechanism. In chronic respiratory diseases, however, excessive mucus production leads to a pathological state with increased risk of infection, hospitalization and morbidity. An understanding of the mechanisms that underlie and maintain this hypersecretory phenotype is therefore crucial for the development of rational approaches to therapy. Despite a high and increasing prevalence and cost to healthcare services and society, mucus hypersecretion in chronic respiratory disease has received little attention until recently, probably because of the difficulties inherent in studying this pathology. Only in the last few years have some of the genes involved in mucus secretion been characterized. The recent availability of genomic sequence information and specific antibodies has led to an explosion of interest in this area making this publication particularly timely. This book draws together contributions from an international and interdisciplinary group of experts, whose work is focused on both basic and clinical aspects of the problem. Coverage includes epidemiology, airways infection and mucus hypersecretion, the genetics and regulation of mucus production, models of mucus hypersecretion, and the implications of new knowledge for the development of novel therapies.
Airway Wall Remodelling In Asthma
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Author : A. G. Stewart
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-10-28
Airway Wall Remodelling In Asthma written by A. G. Stewart and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-28 with Medical categories.
Asthma is a disease of high prevalence that has shown a trend toward increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality over the last three decades despite apparently effective drug treatments and increasing awareness of the need for better disease management. Often the inflammatory component of asthma is studied; however, the tissue remodelling process is a significant process that should not be overlooked. This valuable reference synthesizes current data and concepts developed to determine the relationship between airway wall remodelling and the pathogenesis of asthma. It discusses evidence for structural changes in asthmatic airway, the relationship between airway thickening and hyperresponsiveness, the relationship between cytokine production and tissue remodelling and inflammation, the significance of epithelial changes and the extracellular matrix, and in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches to the assessment of remodelling. Pharmacological and biochemical mechanisms that control cell proliferation are also examined. The consequences of airway wall remodelling for airway hyperresponsiveness is the unique focus of this volume, offering a fresh perspective of advances in asthma research.