Amphioxus Immunity
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Amphioxus Immunity
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Author : An-Long Xu
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-12-31
Amphioxus Immunity written by An-Long Xu and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-31 with Medical categories.
Amphioxus Immunity: Tracing the Origin of Human Immunity covers a remarkable range of information about Amphioxus and its evolutionary context. This compilation of what is currently known about Amphioxus, with a sharp focus on its immune system, includes 13 topics, such as: Amphioxus as a model for understanding the evolution of vertebrates basic knowledge of immunology immune organs and cells of amphioxus a genomic and transcriptomic view of the Amphioxus immunity pattern recognition system in Amphioxus transcription factors in Amphioxus the complement system of Amphioxus the oxidative burst system in Amphioxus immune effectors in Amphioxus lipid signaling of immune response in Amphioxus apoptosis in amphioxus; primitive adaptive immune system of Amphioxus and future research directions This valuable reference book is loaded with information that will be useful for anyone who wishes to learn more about the origin of vertebrates and adaptive immunity. Provides new evidence on the origin of the adaptive immune system, the evolution of innate immunity, and evolution-stage specific immune defense mechanisms Not only presents the cells and molecules involved in the adaptive immune response in Amphioxus, but also characterizes the origination and evolution of the gene families and pathways involved in innate immunity Includes much pioneering work, from the molecular, genomic, and cellular to the individual level
Amphioxus Immunity
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Author : Anlong Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Amphioxus Immunity written by Anlong Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Amphioxus categories.
Advances In Comparative Immunology
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Author : Edwin L. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-07
Advances In Comparative Immunology written by Edwin L. Cooper and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Medical categories.
Immunologists, perhaps understandably, most often concentrate on the human immune system, an anthropocentric focus that has resulted in a dearth of information about the immune function of all other species within the animal kingdom. However, knowledge of animal immune function could help not only to better understand human immunology, but perhaps more importantly, it could help to treat and avoid the blights that affect animals, which consequently affect humans. Take for example the mass death of honeybees in recent years – their demise, resulting in much less pollination, poses a serious threat to numerous crops, and thus the food supply. There is a similar disappearance of frogs internationally, signaling ecological problems, among them fungal infections. This book aims to fill this void by describing and discussing what is known about non-human immunology. It covers various major animal phyla, its chapters organized in a progression from the simplest unicellular organisms to the most complex vertebrates, mammals. Chapters are written by experts, covering the latest findings and new research being conducted about each phylum. Edwin L. Cooper is a Distinguished Professor in the Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Neurobiology at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.
Changing Views Of The Evolution Of Immunity
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Author : Gary W. Litman
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-01-22
Changing Views Of The Evolution Of Immunity written by Gary W. Litman and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-22 with categories.
The multitude of cells, signaling pathways, receptors, novel genetic recombination mechanisms and interactive pathways of receptor function and cell differentiation that constitute the vertebrate adaptive immune system are integrally linked with the multicomponent innate immune system. At first glance, the levels of complexity seen in both systems at the phylogenetic level of mammals present what seem to be insurmountable hurdles in terms of achieving a systematic understanding of the evolution of immunity. New research directions and approaches suggest that resolution of many long-standing questions in this area is now possible. Historically, immunologists considered lower vertebrates and invertebrates as “simpler” forms, i.e., they were expected to possess more basic (less layered) levels of immunological complexity and thus potentially would serve as important resources. By considering the systematic placement of representative species in the context of phylogeny, characterizing their immune receptors, co-receptors as well as accessory molecules and evaluating responses to immunologic stimuli, it was thought that a clearer picture of immune evolution would emerge. There is no doubt that this approach has achieved some notable successes but for the most part it has fallen short in terms of achieving a broad understanding of the immunologic needs of many relevant models and how adaptive change in immune function is effected. Even if a structurally relevant ortholog of an immune effector is identified in a model organism, there is no reason to assume that it functions in a corresponding manner in disparate phylogenetic taxa. For example, survival of a sessile marine invertebrate, whose anatomical form puts it in open and contiguous contact with a literal sea of microorganisms and viruses, would be thought to depend, at least in part, on a “capable” immune response; however, at present, we have no real understanding of how this is achieved in an integrated manner. Furthermore, questions arise as to whether or not phenomena that are considered integral components of vertebrate-type immunity such as memory, tolerance, somatic change and clonal selection exist in invertebrates and if their functions parallel those recognized in mammals. More often than not, our interpretations are guided by preconceived notions that are based on observations made in distant species that often do not apply to far- removed taxa. We anticipate that major advances in our understanding of this broad subject are now forthcoming as resources exist or are being developed for examining important model organisms in their natural environments instead of within the confines of in vitro systems of potentially remote physiological significance. Taking a wide range of hypotheses, observations and interpretations into account, in this special topic, contributors have developed a comprehensive overview emphasizing new directions and interpretations for understanding basic aspects of immunity that consider unique features inherent to various model systems, their life histories and habitats. Approaches applied with key model organisms maintained and confronted with relevant challenges under natural conditions are emphasized. Current concepts of self and nonself are addressed not only in terms of immunity but also reproductive fitness. How genetic variation in immune effector molecules is achieved and maintained in natural populations is examined; particular attention is directed to response interfaces that factor in symbiotic interactions. Gene expansion and mechanisms of genetic diversification are explored. How diverse molecules and a variety of effector cells contribute to our broad understanding of the evolution of a remarkably complex, integrated system and how this work is facilitating our understanding of mammalian immunity is addressed.
Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications
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Author : Jean L. Scholz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-05-06
Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications written by Jean L. Scholz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-06 with Medical categories.
Issues In Immunology Research 2011 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09
Issues In Immunology Research 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Medical categories.
Issues in Immunology Research / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Immunology Research. The editors have built Issues in Immunology Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immunology Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Immunology Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Issues In Immunology Research 2012 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2013-01-10
Issues In Immunology Research 2012 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-10 with Medical categories.
Issues in Immunology Research / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Immunogenetics. The editors have built Issues in Immunology Research: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immunogenetics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Immunology Research / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
The M2 Macrophage
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Author : Tamás Röszer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-03
The M2 Macrophage written by Tamás Röszer and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-03 with Medical categories.
Macrophages are core components of the innate immune system. Once activated, they may have either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects that include pathogen killing, safe disposal of apoptotic cells or tissue renewal. The activation state of macrophages is conceptualized by the so-called M1/M2 model of polarization. M2 macrophages are not simply antagonists of M1 macrophages; rather, they represent a network of tissue resident macrophages with roles in tissue development and organ homeostasis. M2 macrophages govern functions at the interfaces of immunity, tissue development and turnover, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Dysfunction in M2 macrophages can ruin the healthy interplay between the immune system and metabolic processes, and lead to diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, M2 macrophages are essential for healthy tissue development and immunological self-tolerance. Worryingly, these functions of M2 macrophages can also be disrupted, resulting in tumor growth and autoimmunity. This book comprehensively discusses the biology of M2 macrophages, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and highlights key questions that remain unanswered.
Invertebrate Pathology
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Author : Andrew F. Rowley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-02-07
Invertebrate Pathology written by Andrew F. Rowley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-07 with Medical categories.
Many invertebrates are serious pests of agriculture (e.g., mites and locusts), vectors of disease (e.g., mosquitoes and aquatic snails) and venomous (e.g., scorpions), whilst others are beneficial to humans as pollinators, food sources, and detritivores. Despite their obvious ecological, medical, and economic importance, this is the first comprehensive review of invertebrate diseases to be available within a single volume. Concurrent molecular and bioinformatics developments over the last decade have catalysed a renaissance in invertebrate pathology. High-throughput sequencing, handheld diagnostic kits, and the move to new technologies have rapidly increased our understanding of invertebrate diseases, generating a large volume of fundamental and applied research on the topic. An overview is now timely and this authoritative work assembles an international team of the leading specialists in the field to review the main diseases and pathologic manifestations of all the major invertebrate groups. Each chapter adopts a common plan in terms of its scope and approach to achieve a succinct and coherent synthesis. Invertebrate Pathology is aimed at graduate students and researchers in the fields of disease ecology, invertebrate biology, comparative immunology, aquaculture, fisheries, veterinary science, evolution, and conservation. It will be particularly useful for readers new to the field as well as a broader interdisciplinary audience of practitioners and resource managers.
Handbook Of Marine Model Organisms In Experimental Biology
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Author : Agnes Boutet
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-12-13
Handbook Of Marine Model Organisms In Experimental Biology written by Agnes Boutet and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-13 with Science categories.
The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels – next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become a conditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields – from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)