An Evaluation Of Drivers Cell Phone Use Prevalence And Safety Related Impacts
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An Evaluation Of Drivers Cell Phone Use Prevalence And Safety Related Impacts
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Author : Keith Wenners
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
An Evaluation Of Drivers Cell Phone Use Prevalence And Safety Related Impacts written by Keith Wenners and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cell phones and traffic accidents categories.
Distracted driving is a major public safety concern, contributing an average of 21,000 crashes annually in Massachusetts alone. This thesis aims to provide an improved understanding of drivers' cell phone use prevalence and the related safety impacts. Specifically, this thesis includes: 1) an analysis of data collected in two direct observational studies carried out in 2011 and 2012; 2) an evaluation of the collection methods employed for direct observation studies; and 3) an analysis of distracted driving crashes from 2007 to 2011 in Massachusetts. The two observational studies resulted in a sample of 61,096 drivers from 305 different locations, resulting in an average cell phone usage rate to be 6.4 percent, with a handheld usage rate of 5.3 percent and a text messaging usage rate of 1.1 percent. Teens were observed text messaging more often than adults and elders, while the handheld conversation rate was similar for both teens and adults. Drivers observed wearing seat belts had a lower cell phone use than those who were not wearing seat belts. A second study was conducted to investigate limitations of the direct observation of drivers' cell phone use, specifically involving the influence of intersections and observers. Twelve observations were conducted using a combination of observers and video data collection. The study found that at signalized intersections the drivers' text messaging rate was higher, and it is suggested that for future observations another category for cell phone use is used to separate text messaging while stopped. Lastly, the crash data analysis was completed, and within the five years analyzed there were a total 628,495 crashes and 17 percent of overall crashes that involved distracted driving. The rate of distracted driving is inversely proportional to speed, weather severity, and road conditions, as when the preserved danger increases the rate of distracted driving crashes decreases. There was a relationship between the observed cell phone use and the rate of distracted driving crashes with females and teens having both the highest cell phone use rate and the highest rate of distracted driving crashes. The completion of research tasks within the framework of this thesis achieved the overall objective of providing insight on drivers' cell phone use and crash data statistics across driver demographics, road types, and times of day. Moving forward the insights established within this thesis may prove useful in the establishment of targeted and specific countermeasures.
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents
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Author : Robert W. Hahn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents written by Robert W. Hahn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Cell phone use is increasing worldwide, leading to a concern that cell phone use while driving increases accidents. Several countries, as well as two states and many municipalities in the U.S., have banned the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. In this paper, we develop a new approach for estimating the relationship between cell phone use while driving and accidents. Our approach is the first to allow for the direct estimation of the impact of a cell phone ban while driving. It is based on new survey data from over 7,000 individuals. This paper differs from previous research in two significant ways: first, we use a larger sample of individual-level data; and second, we test for selection effects, such as whether drivers who use cell phones are inherently less safe drivers, even when not on the phone. The paper has three key findings. First, there is evidence of selection effects. Our analysis suggests that individuals who are more likely to use hands-free devices are more careful drivers even without them. Once we correct for the endogeneity of hands-free usage, our models predict no statistically significant reduction in accidents from mandating that usage must be hands-free. Second, we find that the impact of minutes of cell phone use on accidents varies across the population. Even after controlling for observed driver characteristics, our random coefficient models show there is additional variation in the cell phone impacts on accidents, particularly for female drivers. Previous studies of cell phone usage and accident risk are thus subject to selection bias. We calculate that previous estimates of the impact of cell phone usage on risk for the population may be overstated by 36%. Finally, we explore the impact of a ban on cell phone use while driving. We cannot reject the hypothesis that a ban would have no effect on the number of accidents. Our estimates of the reduction in accidents from a ban on cell phone use while driving are both lower and less certain than previous studies indicate.
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving
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Author : Alaisdair Cain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving written by Alaisdair Cain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Summarizes existing info. on the subject of mobile phone use while driving, in order to provide a concise summary of the issues for the public, researchers, and legislators alike. Discusses the benefits of mobile phone usage while driving, such as driver safety and time use efficiency, and negative aspects such as its potential for driver distraction resulting in accidents. Contains info. on the demographics of mobile phone use in the U.S., focusing on user demographics and frequency of usage while driving. People who used a mobile phone while driving were anywhere from 34% to 300% more likely to have an accident. Charts and tables.
Driver Distraction
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Author : Michael A. Regan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2008-10-15
Driver Distraction written by Michael A. Regan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Certain activities and events both inside and outside a vehicle can distract drivers and lead to degraded performance. New technologies- such as entertainment, communication, and driver assistance systems- play a significant role in distraction. This unique volume defines driver distraction, discusses various causes, and explains how to measure acceptable and unacceptable levels of distraction. Several chapters address measurement techniques based on performance and epidemiological studies. Most importantly, the text explores ways to mitigate driver distraction as well as countermeasures including vehicle design and effective legislation.
Behavioural Adaptation And Road Safety
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Author : Christina Rudin-Brown
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-05-24
Behavioural Adaptation And Road Safety written by Christina Rudin-Brown and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores behavioural adaptation in road users. It examines behavioural adaptation within the context of historical and theoretical perspectives, and puts forth tangible—and practical—solutions that can effectively address adverse behavioural adaptation to road safety interventions before it occurs. Edited by Christina Rudin-Brown and Samantha Jamson, with chapters authored by leading road safety experts in driver psychology and behaviour, the book introduces the concept of behavioural adaptation and details its more relevant issues. It reviews the definition of behavioural adaptation that was put forward by the OECD in 1990 and then puts this definition through its paces, identifying where it may be lacking and how it might be improved. This sets the context for the remaining chapters which take the OECD definition as their starting points. The book discusses the various theories and models of behavioural adaptation and more general theories of driver behaviour developed during the last half century. It provides examples of the "evidence" for behavioural adaptation—instances in which behavioural adaptation arose as a consequence of the introduction of safety countermeasures. The book then focuses on the internal, "human" element and considers countermeasures that might be used to limit the development of behavioural adaptation in various road user groups. The book concludes with practical tools and methodologies to address behavioural adaptation in research and design, and to limit the potential negative effects before they happen. Supplying easy-to-understand, accessible solutions that can be implemented early on in a road safety intervention’s design or conception phase, the chapters represent the most extensive compilation of literature relating to behavioural adaptation and its consequences since the 1990 OECD report. The book brings together earlier theories of behavioural adaptation with more recent theories in the area and combines them with practical advice, methods, and tangible solutions that can minimise the potential negative impact of behavioural adaptation on road user safety and address it before it occurs. It is an essential component of any road safety library, and should be of particular relevance to researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers who are interested in maximizing safety while at the same time encouraging innovation and excellence in road transport-related design.
The Effects Of Text Messaging On Young Novice Driver Performance
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Author : Simon Hosking
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Effects Of Text Messaging On Young Novice Driver Performance written by Simon Hosking and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Teenage automobile drivers categories.
Encyclopedia Of Mobile Phone Behavior
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Author : Yan, Zheng
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2015-03-31
Encyclopedia Of Mobile Phone Behavior written by Yan, Zheng and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-31 with Computers categories.
The rise of mobile phones has brought about a new era of technological attachment as an increasing number of people rely on their personal mobile devices to conduct their daily activities. Due to the ubiquitous nature of mobile phones, the impact of these devices on human behavior, interaction, and cognition has become a widely studied topic. The Encyclopedia of Mobile Phone Behavior is an authoritative source for scholarly research on the use of mobile phones and how these devices are revolutionizing the way individuals learn, work, and interact with one another. Featuring exhaustive coverage on a variety of topics relating to mobile phone use, behavior, and the impact of mobile devices on society and human interaction, this multi-volume encyclopedia is an essential reference source for students, researchers, IT specialists, and professionals seeking current research on the use and impact of mobile technologies on contemporary culture.
Safety Implications Of Driver Cell Phone Usage Among College Students
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Author : Hak Loy Lim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Safety Implications Of Driver Cell Phone Usage Among College Students written by Hak Loy Lim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This research effort investigates the use of cell phone while driving and the associated crash risk for the college age drivers. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to University of Memphis students to ascertain information in three key areas: (1) Driving hours, (2) Types of cell phone usage - talking, texting, and other wireless functions, and (3) Safety issues - incidences of crash pr 'close call'* using cell phones. The questionnaire was available online on the University of Memphis webpage (http://cifts.memphis.edu/cellphone.html) from February 12, 2009 until April 10, 2009, resulting in responses from 2442 students. Data was analyzed using: (1) Descriptive Statistics, (2) Frequency Figures, and (3) Mann-Whitney U Test. Results indicate that texting, emailing, and taking pictures while driving are related to higher incidences of close call occurrence, and thus cell phone usage is affecting students' driving safety.*Close call: Defined as an incident where driver engages in high risk traffic movement but avoids collision, i.e. drifting into adjacent lane, having to "slam on brakes," etc.
The Effects Of Different Types Of Cell Phone Use Automation And Personality On Driver Performance And Subjective State In Simulated Driving
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Author : Catherine Neubauer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Effects Of Different Types Of Cell Phone Use Automation And Personality On Driver Performance And Subjective State In Simulated Driving written by Catherine Neubauer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Driver distraction is a leading cause of vehicular accidents (Strayer & Johnston, 2001). There are numerous types of driver distraction, but one type in particular, cell phone use, seems to be exceptionally dangerous to drivers. These 'newer', technology-based distractions are more dangerous because they are more cognitively demanding, requiring the driver to manage multiple visual, manual and auditory demands while attempting to remain engaged in the primary task of driving. Additionally, there may be differences in driver performance depending on the type of cell phone usage such as calling back and text messaging. These issues may be conceptualized within models of driver workload. The present study investigated the effects of two relevant workload factors on driver performance: type of phone usage and automation of driving systems. Automation is an emerging trend among automakers that can potentially assist drivers by reducing workload, but recent studies suggest that automation might provoke dangerous states of underload in which effort is withdrawn from the driving task. There may also be individual differences in response to distraction that are linked to personality factors. As predicted from the workload model, the present study found that there are differential effects of talking on a cell phone versus texting, with text messaging shown to be associated with worse vehicle control. Individuals in the text messaging group also had the highest levels of distress following the drive. Drivers given a choice of response options tended to favor texting over talking, illustrating drivers' lack of insight into the safety issues. Automation did not produce clear signs of underload, such as large-magnitude loss of task engagement, suggesting there may be some benefits to phone use during automated driving. In sum, results demonstrate that talking and texting on a cell phone have differing impacts on driver safety, as well as providing further evidence to the benefits as well as dangers associated with vehicle automation.
The Impact Of In Vehicle Cell Phone Use On Accidents Or Near Accidents Among College Students
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Author : D.-C. Seo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Impact Of In Vehicle Cell Phone Use On Accidents Or Near Accidents Among College Students written by D.-C. Seo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
With in-vehicle use of cell phones rapidly increasing, the safety of young drivers, who represent 14[percent] of licensed drivers but 26[percent] of drivers involved in fatal crashes, may be disproportionately threatened. The authors used a questionnaire to examine the association between in-vehicle cell-phone use and accidents or near-accidents among 1,291 conveniently recruited college students in 4 states. Of the 1,185 respondents who were drivers, 87[percent] had a cell phone, and 86[percent] of the cell-phone owners reported talking while driving at least occasionally. Of the 762 reported accidents or near-accidents, 21[percent] (n = 159) involved at least 1 of the drivers talking while driving. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses showed that the frequency, not the duration, of drivers talking while driving was related to experiencing accidents or near-accidents. Differences between drivers who used cell phones and nonusers in unsafe driving behaviors and attitudes were also examined, and target groups for intervention efforts