An Optimal Patent Policy In A Dynamic Model Of Innovation
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An Optimal Patent Policy In A Dynamic Model Of Innovation
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Author : Israel Luski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
An Optimal Patent Policy In A Dynamic Model Of Innovation written by Israel Luski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Patent Policy Patent Pools And The Accumulation Of Claims In Sequential Innovation
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Author : Gastón Llanes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Patent Policy Patent Pools And The Accumulation Of Claims In Sequential Innovation written by Gastón Llanes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
We present a dynamic model where the accumulation of patents generates an increasing number of claims on sequential innovation. We study the equilibrium innovation activity under three regimes: patents, no-patents and patent pools. Patent pools increase the probability of innovation with respect to patents, but we also find that: (1) their outcome can be replicated by a licensing scheme in which innovators sell complete patent rights, and (2) they are dynamically unstable. We find that none of the above regimes can reach the first or second best. Finally, we consider patents of finite duration and determine the optimal patent length.
Trade In Ideas
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Author : Eskil Ullberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-02
Trade In Ideas written by Eskil Ullberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-02 with Business & Economics categories.
The economic system is generally understood to operate on the premise of exchange. The most important factor in economic development has always been technology, as a way to expand a limited resource base. Such increase in technology and knowledge is generally accepted by economists, but the mechanisms of exchange through which this happens are much less studied. Generally, a static analysis of product exchange, incorporating new technology, has been undertaken. This book explores the transition of trade in ideas from an exchange largely within firms and nations to an exchange between firms and nations. This process has been going on since the beginning of the patent system, where importing (trading) technology was made policy in 1474, more than 500 years ago. However, during the past 25-30 years, a growth in exchange of technology between specialized firms, cooperating based on patent licensing, has been phenomenal, with annual licensing transactions exceeding a trillion dollars, not counting value of cross-licensing. Such specialized exchange has been seen in history but not at this scale and level of coordination. Using principles of experimental economics, the author investigates the licensing contract and mechanisms of exchange (rules of trade) as this exchange moves towards organized markets with prices. A key issue concerns the effect of introducing demand side bidding, through which the patent system introduces specialization and multiple use of the same technology in different new products, thus expanding the use of technology a firm has to more actors, products, and consumers. The risk and uncertainty in market access for cheaper, better and unique products and services are reduced through new and competitive technology. Questions raised are related to the “optimal” integration of information and rules in dynamic exchange of patents through institutions. The view presented shows how inventors and traders can sell their intellectual property to buyers in a producer market, in this case in licensing contracts on patents, to diversify risk and monetize value based on an experimental economic study where the performance and behavioral properties of these institutions is the object of investigation. More fundamentally the work illustrates the theoretical, design, and patent system policy issues in a transition from personal to impersonal trade in ideas. This book explores the transition of trade in ideas from an exchange largely within firms and nations to an exchange between firms and nations. This process has been going on since the beginning of the patent system, where importing (trading) technology was made policy in 1474, more than 500 years ago. However, during the past 25-30 years, a growth in exchange of technology between specialized firms, cooperating based on patent licensing, has been phenomenal, with annual licensing transactions exceeding a trillion dollars, not counting value of cross-licensing. Such specialized exchange has been seen in history but not at this scale and level of coordination. Using principles of experimental economics, the author investigates the licensing contract and mechanisms of exchange (rules of trade) as this exchange moves towards organized markets with prices. A key issue concerns the effect of introducing demand side bidding, through which the patent system introduces specialization and multiple use of the same technology in different new products, thus expanding the use of technology a firm has to more actors, products, and consumers. The risk and uncertainty in market access for cheaper, better and unique products and services are reduced through new and competitive technology. Questions raised are related to the “optimal” integration of information and rules in dynamic exchange of patents through institutions. The view presented shows how inventors and traders can sell their intellectual property to buyers in a producer market, in this case in licensing contracts on patents, to diversify risk and monetize value based on an experimental economic study where the performance and behavioral properties of these institutions is the object of investigation. More fundamentally the work illustrates the theoretical, design, and patent system policy issues in a transition from personal to impersonal trade in ideas.
Dynamic Effects Of Patent Policy On Sequential Innovation
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Author : BonWoo Koo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Dynamic Effects Of Patent Policy On Sequential Innovation written by BonWoo Koo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
When one patented innovation enables another, endogenous delay of the latter has important implications for the economics of patent life and scope, if licensing is negotiated ex post.Optimal patent life may be finite under competition, even if the royalty imposes no deadweight loss and there is no competitive dissipation of rent. Reduced scope of the first patent eliminates delay of costly enabled innovations, whether monopolized or competitive, and a combination of limited scope and infinite life can be optimal. If the second innovation is negotiated ex ante, its patentability can increase or decrease the first innovator's profit, depending on cost and market structure of the second innovation, and patent life.
Patents As An Incentive For Innovation
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Author : Rafal Sikorski
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2021-02-16
Patents As An Incentive For Innovation written by Rafal Sikorski and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-16 with Law categories.
Patents as an Incentive for Innovation Edited by Rafal Sikorski & Zaneta Zemla-Pacud Patents are a reward for human inventiveness. A well-functioning patent system must provide incentives for innovation, safeguard dynamic competition and protect the public interest – a balancing act fraught with difficulty in the ‘connected’ global world. This ground-breaking book is the first to deeply analyse how patent law today performs its function of stimulating innovation in the crucial sectors of healthcare, agriculture, artificial intelligence and communications technology. Patent specialists, practitioners and scholars from various jurisdictions thoroughly describe how patent rights can be deployed to incentivize investments in researching and developing socially critical innovations without sacrificing the public’s interest in sharing the benefits that are produced. Among the emerging issues of patent rights investigated are the following: protectability and morality of according private rights over material derived from the human body; licensing on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms; the supplementary protection certificate (SPC) manufacturing waiver; patent eligibility of artificial intelligence-related inventions; excessive enforcement of patents by patent assertion entities; enforcement of second medical use innovations; the so-called farmer’s privilege, the farm-save seed exemption, and breeders’ rights; international trade regulations and their influence on patent systems; human enhancement technologies and the consequences of patenting them; specifics of patent protection for biologic medicines; challenges posed by artificial intelligence for the disclosure requirement in patent law; and standard essential patent licensing, particularly in the context of the 5G standard. Perspectives taken into consideration by the authors include protectability criteria, length and scope of the granted protection, mechanisms for dealing with the friction between generalized application and specialized concerns, and rights enforcement. These aspects are analysed on the domestic, international and global levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to strike the right balance between innovation and access in healthcare and other technologies, a need rooted in patent law. Because the problems discussed – and solutions offered – in this collection of expert essays are of tremendous practical and cultural significance, the book will be of immeasurable value to practitioners, policymakers and researchers in patent law and other fields of intellectual property law.
Anticommons And Optimal Patent Policy In A Model Of Sequential Innovation
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Author : Gastón Llanes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Anticommons And Optimal Patent Policy In A Model Of Sequential Innovation written by Gastón Llanes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
We present a model of sequential innovation in which an innovator uses several research inputs to invent a new good. These inputs, in turn, must be invented before they can be used by the final innovator. As a consequence, the degree of patent protection affects the revenues and cost of the innovator, but also determines the incentives to invent the research inputs in the first place. We study the effects of increases in the number of required inputs on innovation activity and optimal patent policy. We find that the probability of introducing the final innovation decreases (increases) as the number of inputs increases when inputs are complements (substitutes). We also find that the optimal strength of patents on research inputs is increasing in the degree of substitution between the inputs, but decreasing in the number of inputs for any degree of substitution.
Dynamic Protection Of Innovations Through Patents And Trade Secrets
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Author : Paul Belleflamme
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Dynamic Protection Of Innovations Through Patents And Trade Secrets written by Paul Belleflamme and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Patent Protection When Innovation In Cumulative
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Author : Edward Donald O'Donoghue
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Patent Protection When Innovation In Cumulative written by Edward Donald O'Donoghue and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Patent laws and legislation categories.
Patent Policy
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Author : Pia Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-04-07
Patent Policy written by Pia Weiss and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Intellectual property rights have become increasingly important for our modern economies in recent years. Although the entire patent system has a profound effect on the decision of firms of whether to conduct research and at which volume, patent law is the heart of the entire patent system. Therefore, this book focuses on the economic effects of certain provisions in patent law by using economic models dedicated to patent policy. The first part of the book presents a brief overview over the history of patent systems and introduces the main components of modern patent systems. A short introduction of the principal provisions of US patent law constitutes the centre of the subsequent analysis as it serves as a link between law and economics. The second part presents core economic models for central provisions, collecting the most fundamental results in a national framework in the field of literature. Part three is concerned with selected provisions of patent law in an international framework. It provides valuable insights into the situation of developing countries which are the chief recipients of technology transfers. Patent Policy will be of interest to researchers interested in the field of modelling patent policy. It can be also used as supplementary text in courses in Industrial Organization, Innovation Economics and Law and Economics.
Law And Economics Of Patents
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Author : Nikola Ilić
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Law And Economics Of Patents written by Nikola Ilić and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.