Analogical Reasoning
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Analogical Reasoning In Law
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Author : Maciej Koszowski
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2019-04-02
Analogical Reasoning In Law written by Maciej Koszowski and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Philosophy categories.
This work tackles the most intriguing type of reasoning which one may employ within the field of law. In addition to the merits and drawbacks of legal analogy, it discusses the orthodox approaches to it, together with their critical analysis, also posing challenges that these conceptions have difficulty in managing. As an alternative, the book advances an account of legal analogical reasoning that correlates well with the division into rational and intuitive thinking that occurs in contemporary psychology. By doing so, many of the unique properties of legal analogy which have been traditionally associated with it and which have often been difficult to explain become readily understandable. Moreover, the very source of the almost mystical faith in power and infallibleness of such analogy is revealed here, while this faith—astonishing or not—not only escapes condemnation, but is shown to be warranted from a scientific point of view. Finally, the book also presents vast scope of application, premises, schematic structures and factors able to influence the force of legal analogy.
Similarity And Analogical Reasoning
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Author : Stella Vosniadou
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989
Similarity And Analogical Reasoning written by Stella Vosniadou and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Similarity and analogy are fundamental in human cognition. They are crucial for recognition and classification, and have been associated with scientific discovery and creativity. Any adequate understanding of similarity and analogy requires the integration of theory and data from diverse domains. This interdisciplinary volume explores current development in research and theory from psychological, computational, and educational perspectives, and considers their implications for learning and instruction. The distinguished contributors examine the psychological processes involved in reasoning by similarity and analogy, the computational problems encountered in simulating analogical processing in problem solving, and the conditions promoting the application of analogical reasoning in everyday situations.
Analogical Reasoning In Children
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Author : Usha Goswami
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-10-23
Analogical Reasoning In Children written by Usha Goswami and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-23 with Psychology categories.
Analogical reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, involved in classification, learning, problem-solving and creative thinking, and should be a basic building block of cognitive development. However, for a long time researchers have believed that children are incapable of reasoning by analogy. This book argues that this is far from the case, and that analogical reasoning may be available very early in development. Recent research has shown that even 3-year-olds can solve analogies, and that infants can reason about relational similarity, which is the hallmark of analogy. The book traces the roots of the popular misconceptions about children's analogical abilities and argues that when children fail to use analogies, it is because they do not understand the relations underlying the analogy rather than because they are incapable of analogical reasoning. The author argues that young children spontaneously use analogies in learning, and that their analogies can sometimes lead them into misconceptions. In the "real worlds" of their classrooms, children use analogies when learning basic skills like reading, and even babies seem to use analogies to learn about the world around them.
Mathematical And Analogical Reasoning Of Young Learners
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Author : Lyn D. English
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-07-19
Mathematical And Analogical Reasoning Of Young Learners written by Lyn D. English and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-19 with Education categories.
Mathematical and Analogical Reasoning of Young Learners provides foundational knowledge of the nature, development, and assessment of mathematical and analogical reasoning in young children. Reasoning is fundamental to understanding mathematics and is identified as one of the 10 key standards for school mathematics for the new millennium. The book draws on longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, conducted in the United States and Australia, of children's reasoning development as they progressed from preschool through the end of second grade. The multifaceted analysis of young children's development of mathematical and analogical reasoning focuses on individual learners, their learning environments, and the interaction between the two. The multidisciplinary team of authors present multiple perspectives and multiple methodologies, and provide valuable information on organizing and sustaining interdisciplinary and cross-cultural inquiry. Key issues addressed include: *the relationship between mathematical and analogical reasoning; *how changes in children's reasoning relate to the implicit instruction they receive in their classrooms; *analyses of the participating teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and practices with respect to mathematical and analogical reasoning of young learners; and *ways in which we might promote development of mathematical and analogical reasoning in young children. This volume is highly relevant for mathematics educators, researchers in mathematics education, educational psychologists, early childhood teachers, and others interested in mathematical development of young children, in particular, the development of their reasoning processes.
Computational Approaches To Analogical Reasoning Current Trends
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Author : Henri Prade
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-03-22
Computational Approaches To Analogical Reasoning Current Trends written by Henri Prade and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Analogical reasoning is known as a powerful mode for drawing plausible conclusions and solving problems. It has been the topic of a huge number of works by philosophers, anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists. As such, it has been early studied in artificial intelligence, with a particular renewal of interest in the last decade. The present volume provides a structured view of current research trends on computational approaches to analogical reasoning. It starts with an overview of the field, with an extensive bibliography. The 14 collected contributions cover a large scope of issues. First, the use of analogical proportions and analogies is explained and discussed in various natural language processing problems, as well as in automated deduction. Then, different formal frameworks for handling analogies are presented, dealing with case-based reasoning, heuristic-driven theory projection, commonsense reasoning about incomplete rule bases, logical proportions induced by similarity and dissimilarity indicators, and analogical proportions in lattice structures. Lastly, the volume reports case studies and discussions about the use of similarity judgments and the process of analogy making, at work in IQ tests, creativity or other cognitive tasks. This volume gathers fully revised and expanded versions of papers presented at an international workshop‚ as well as invited contributions. All chapters have benefited of a thorough peer review process.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Lifespan Human Development
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Author : Marc H. Bornstein
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2018-01-15
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Lifespan Human Development written by Marc H. Bornstein and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-15 with Psychology categories.
Lifespan human development is the study of all aspects of biological, physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and contextual development from conception to the end of life. In approximately 800 signed articles by experts from a wide diversity of fields, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development explores all individual and situational factors related to human development across the lifespan. Some of the broad thematic areas will include: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Aging Behavioral and Developmental Disorders Cognitive Development Community and Culture Early and Middle Childhood Education through the Lifespan Genetics and Biology Gender and Sexuality Life Events Mental Health through the Lifespan Research Methods in Lifespan Development Speech and Language Across the Lifespan Theories and Models of Development. This five-volume encyclopedia promises to be an authoritative, discipline-defining work for students and researchers seeking to become familiar with various approaches, theories, and empirical findings about human development broadly construed, as well as past and current research.
Analogical Reasoning
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Author : D.H. Helman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Analogical Reasoning written by D.H. Helman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Philosophy categories.
In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy.
Conceptual Structures For Knowledge Creation And Communication
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Author : Aldo de Moor
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-09-09
Conceptual Structures For Knowledge Creation And Communication written by Aldo de Moor and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-09 with Computers categories.
This volume contains the proceedings of ICCS 2003, the 11th International C- ferenceonConceptualStructures. Thisconferenceseriescontinuestobethemain forum for the presentation and discussion of state-of-the-art research on conc- tualstructures. Thetheories,methodologies,andtechniquespresentedherehave grown considerably in scope in recent years. On the other hand, solid bridges spanning the boundaries between such diverse ?elds as Conceptual Graphs, F- mal Concept Analysis, and others are increasingly being built in our community. The theme of this year’s conference was “Conceptual Structures for Kno- edge Creation and Communication”. In our increasingly (Inter)networked world, the potential support of information technology for the creation and commu- cation of quality knowledge is almost boundless. However, in reality, many c- ceptual barriers prevent the use of this potential. The main problem is no longer in the technological infrastructure, but in how to navigate, use, and manage the wealth of available data resources. Thus, the question is: how to create and communicate from data the information and ultimately the knowledge required by an ever more complex and dynamic society? Conceptual structures research focuses on what is behind and between the data glut and the information ov- load that need to be overcome in answering this question. In this way, our ?eld contributes important ideas on how to actually realize some of the many still ambitious visions. All regular papers were reviewed in a thorough and open process by at least two reviewers and one editor.
By Parallel Reasoning
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Author : Paul Bartha
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-03-17
By Parallel Reasoning written by Paul Bartha and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-17 with Philosophy categories.
In By Parallel Reasoning Paul Bartha proposes a normative theory of analogical arguments and raises questions and proposes answers regarding (i.) criteria for evaluating analogical arguments, (ii.) the philosophical justification for analogical reasoning, and (iii.) the place of scientific analogies in the context of theoretical confirmation.
The Essential Sternberg
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Author : James C. Kaufman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Release Date : 2008-12-11
The Essential Sternberg written by James C. Kaufman and has been published by Springer Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-11 with Psychology categories.
"I strongly recommend this book to people working in the area of intellectual disabilities...It may open new vistas that are not always available in the traditional disability literature. It will especially challenge psychologists working in this field."--Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities "For years, Robert Sternberg has produced renowned, groundbreaking work, and now some of it is captured in one volume:The Essential Sternberg...Established scholars and novices to the field will find this book a useful addition to their libraries."--Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts "[Sternberg] approaches the definition of intelligence from a very pragmatic perspective...Sternberg's focus on success in the real world is refreshing."--Teacher's College Record Any follower of Sternberg and theories of intelligence will need this collection on their bookshelf. Robert J. Sternberg has argued that the conventional idea of intelligence is, at best, incomplete. Therefore, he has redefined the core concept of intelligence: Sternberg's groundbreaking, triarchic theory proposes that intelligence is measured not just by factual knowledge or "book smarts," but also by the integration of creative ability, practical know-how, and analytic reasoning. As the former President of the American Psychological Association, current Dean of Tufts University, and one of the top 100 psychologists of the 20th century, according to the APA Monitor on Psychology, Sternberg is listed as one of ISI's most highly cited authors (top .5%) in psychology. Sternberg has authored over 1,000 journal articles, book chapters, and books. This comprehensive collection compiles the best of Sternberg-his most influential, career-defining articles culled from over 30 years of research. Serving as an introduction to and summary of his most critical contributions to the field, this book: Presents articles that track the development and progression of Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence Includes his most influential articles, such as "The nature of creativity" and "The Rainbow Project: Enhancing the SAT" Features articles on educational policy and how Sternberg's intelligence models can be used to improve student performance and supplement traditional exams Contains new articles on Sternberg's most recent theory, the Wisdom, Intelligence, Creativity, Synthesized (WICS) model