Answer Set Programming
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Answer Set Programming
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Author : Vladimir Lifschitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-08-29
Answer Set Programming written by Vladimir Lifschitz and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-29 with Computers categories.
Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. ASP is a form of declarative programming: an ASP program describes what is counted as a solution to the problem, but does not specify an algorithm for solving it. Search is performed by sophisticated software systems called answer set solvers. Combinatorial search problems often arise in science and technology, and ASP has found applications in diverse areas—in historical linguistic, in bioinformatics, in robotics, in space exploration, in oil and gas industry, and many others. The importance of this programming method was recognized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 2016, when AI Magazine published a special issue on answer set programming. The book introduces the reader to the theory and practice of ASP. It describes the input language of the answer set solver CLINGO, which was designed at the University of Potsdam in Germany and is used today by ASP programmers in many countries. It includes numerous examples of ASP programs and present the mathematical theory that ASP is based on. There are many exercises with complete solutions.
Knowledge Representation Reasoning And The Design Of Intelligent Agents
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Author : Michael Gelfond
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-03-10
Knowledge Representation Reasoning And The Design Of Intelligent Agents written by Michael Gelfond and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-10 with Computers categories.
This in-depth introduction for students and researchers shows how to use ASP for intelligent tasks, including answering queries, planning, and diagnostics.
Logic Programming And Nonmonotonic Reasoning
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Author : Esra Erdem
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-08-31
Logic Programming And Nonmonotonic Reasoning written by Esra Erdem and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-31 with Computers categories.
This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR 2009), held during September 14–18, 2009 in Potsdam, Germany. LPNMR is a forum for exchanging ideas on declarative logic programming, nonmonotonic reasoning and knowledge representation. The aim of the c- ference is to facilitate interaction between researchers interested in the design and implementation of logic-based programming languages and database s- tems, and researchers who work in the areas of knowledge representation and nonmonotonic reasoning. LPNMR strives to encompass theoretical and expe- mental studies that have led or will lead to the construction of practical systems for declarative programming and knowledge representation. The special theme of LPNMR 2009 was “Applications of Logic Progr- ming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning” in general and “Answer Set Programming (ASP)” in particular. LPNMR 2009 aimed at providing a comprehensive survey of the state of the art of ASP/LPNMR applications. The special theme was re?ected by dedicating an entire dayof the conference to applications. Apart from special sessions devoted to original and signi?cant ASP/LPNMR applications, we solicited contributions providing an overview of existing successful applications of ASP/LPNMR systems. The presentations on applications were accompanied by two panels, one on existing and another on future applications of ASP/LPNMR.
Commonsense Reasoning
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Author : Erik T. Mueller
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 2006-01-19
Commonsense Reasoning written by Erik T. Mueller and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-19 with Computers categories.
To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.
Knowledge Representation Reasoning And Declarative Problem Solving
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Author : Chitta Baral
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-01-09
Knowledge Representation Reasoning And Declarative Problem Solving written by Chitta Baral and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-09 with Computers categories.
Baral shows how to write programs that behave intelligently, by giving them the ability to express knowledge and to reason. This book will appeal to practising and would-be knowledge engineers wishing to learn more about the subject in courses or through self-teaching.
Answer Set Solving In Practice
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Author : Martin Gebser
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Answer Set Solving In Practice written by Martin Gebser and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Computers categories.
Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR). More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with high-performance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even beyond KRR. This book presents a practical introduction to ASP, aiming at using ASP languages and systems for solving application problems. Starting from the essential formal foundations, it introduces ASP's solving technology, modeling language and methodology, while illustrating the overall solving process by practical examples. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / Motivation / Introduction / Basic modeling / Grounding / Characterizations / Solving / Systems / Advanced modeling / Conclusions
Reasoning Web Explainable Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Markus Krötzsch
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-09-18
Reasoning Web Explainable Artificial Intelligence written by Markus Krötzsch and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-18 with Computers categories.
This volume contains lecture notes of the 15th Reasoning Web Summer School (RW 2019), held in Bolzano, Italy, in September 2019. The research areas of Semantic Web, Linked Data, and Knowledge Graphs have recently received a lot of attention in academia and industry. Since its inception in 2001, the Semantic Web has aimed at enriching the existing Web with meta-data and processing methods, so as to provide Web-based systems with intelligent capabilities such as context awareness and decision support. The Semantic Web vision has been driving many community efforts which have invested a lot of resources in developing vocabularies and ontologies for annotating their resources semantically. Besides ontologies, rules have long been a central part of the Semantic Web framework and are available as one of its fundamental representation tools, with logic serving as a unifying foundation. Linked Data is a related research area which studies how one can make RDF data available on the Web and interconnect it with other data with the aim of increasing its value for everybody. Knowledge Graphs have been shown useful not only for Web search (as demonstrated by Google, Bing, etc.) but also in many application domains.
Simply Logical
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Author : Peter Flach
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 1994-04-07
Simply Logical written by Peter Flach and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-04-07 with Computers categories.
An introduction to Prolog programming for artificial intelligence covering both basic and advanced AI material. A unique advantage to this work is the combination of AI, Prolog and Logic. Each technique is accompanied by a program implementing it. Seeks to simplify the basic concepts of logic programming. Contains exercises and authentic examples to help facilitate the understanding of difficult concepts.
Answer Set Programming For Continuous Domains A Fuzzy Logic Approach
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Author : Jeroen Janssen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-04-26
Answer Set Programming For Continuous Domains A Fuzzy Logic Approach written by Jeroen Janssen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-26 with Computers categories.
Answer set programming (ASP) is a declarative language tailored towards solving combinatorial optimization problems. It has been successfully applied to e.g. planning problems, configuration and verification of software, diagnosis and database repairs. However, ASP is not directly suitable for modeling problems with continuous domains. Such problems occur naturally in diverse fields such as the design of gas and electricity networks, computer vision and investment portfolios. To overcome this problem we study FASP, a combination of ASP with fuzzy logic -- a class of manyvalued logics that can handle continuity. We specifically focus on the following issues: 1. An important question when modeling continuous optimization problems is how we should handle overconstrained problems, i.e. problems that have no solutions. In many cases we can opt to accept an imperfect solution, i.e. a solution that does not satisfy all the stated rules (constraints). However, this leads to the question: what imperfect solutions should we choose? We investigate this question and improve upon the state-of-the-art by proposing an approach based on aggregation functions. 2. Users of a programming language often want a rich language that is easy to model in. However, implementers and theoreticians prefer a small language that is easy to implement and reason about. We create a bridge between these two desires by proposing a small core language for FASP and by showing that this language is capable of expressing many of its common extensions such as constraints, monotonically decreasing functions, aggregators, S-implicators and classical negation. 3. A well-known technique for solving ASP consists of translating a program P to a propositional theory whose models exactly correspond to the answer sets of P. We show how this technique can be generalized to FASP, paving the way to implement efficient fuzzy answer set solvers that can take advantage of existing fuzzy reasoners.
Logic Programming
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Author : Maria Garcia Banda
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-12-15
Logic Programming written by Maria Garcia Banda and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-15 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Logic Programming, ICLP 2008, held in Udine, Italy, in December 2008. The 35 revised full papers together with 2 invited talks, 2 invited tutorials, 11 papers of the co-located first Workshop on Answer Set Programming and Other Computing Paradigms (ASPOCP 2008), as well as 26 poster presentations and the abstracts of 11 doctoral consortium articles were carefully reviewed and selected from 177 initial submissions. The papers cover all issues of current research in logic programming - they are organized in topical sections on applications, algorithms, systems, and implementations, semantics and foundations, analysis and transformations, CHRs and extensions, implementations and systems, answer set programming and extensions, as well as constraints and optimizations.