Assessing Cellular Microstructure In Biological Tissues Using In Vivo Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance
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Assessing Cellular Microstructure In Biological Tissues Using In Vivo Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance
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Author : Julien Valette
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-05-16
Assessing Cellular Microstructure In Biological Tissues Using In Vivo Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance written by Julien Valette and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with categories.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have opened new doors for examining biological tissues in vivo. By combining sensitization to diffusion using magnetic field gradients with a variety of imaging and localization schemes, diffusion-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRS allow investigating translational diffusion of endogenous molecules, such as water or metabolites, in biological tissues, most commonly the brain but also other organs such as the prostate. The typical voxel resolution of MRI or MRS is in the millimeter to centimeter range, much lower than the cellular scale. However, as molecules are typically diffusing over just a few µm during the duration of the measurement (the “diffusion time”) and encounter numerous biological membranes at these scales, the average cellular microstructure has a critical influence on the measured diffusion signal. Hence, diffusion-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRS are sensitive to tissue microstructure at a scale well below the nominal imaging resolution. However, the connection between diffusion properties and tissue microstructure remains indirect, so any attempt to quantify microstructure will rely on modeling. The goal of this Research Topic was to gather experts in various acquisition and modeling strategies and show how these approaches, despite their own strengths and weaknesses, can yield unique information about cellular microstructure, and sometimes complement each other.
Imaging Biomarkers
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Author : Luis Martí-Bonmatí
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-03
Imaging Biomarkers written by Luis Martí-Bonmatí and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-03 with Medical categories.
This is the first book to cover all aspects of the development of imaging biomarkers and their integration into clinical practice, from the conceptual basis through to the technical aspects that need to be considered in order to ensure that medical imaging can serve as a powerful quantification instrument capable of providing valuable information on organ and tissue properties. The process of imaging biomarker development is considered step by step, covering proof of concept, proof of mechanism, image acquisition, image preparation, imaging biomarker analysis and measurement, detection of measurement biases (proof of principle), proof of efficacy and effectiveness, and reporting of results. Sources of uncertainty in the accuracy and precision of measurements and pearls and pitfalls in gold standards and biological correlation are discussed. In addition, practical use cases are included on imaging biomarker implementation in brain, oncologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and abdominal diseases. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of expert radiologists and engineers, and the book will be of value to all with an interest in the quantitative imaging of biomarkers in personalized medicine.
Diffusion Weighted Mr Imaging Dw Mri And Diffusion Weighted Mr Spectroscopy Dw Mrs
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Author : Maryam Afzali
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-06-26
Diffusion Weighted Mr Imaging Dw Mri And Diffusion Weighted Mr Spectroscopy Dw Mrs written by Maryam Afzali and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-26 with Science categories.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a unique technique that provides tissue-specific contrast non-invasively. However, even at ultra-high field, resolution remains on the millimeter scale, far above cellular microstructure. Taking the fact that diffusion of nuclear spins in magnetic field gradients results in a characteristic signal loss, MRI can be sensitized to water-diffusion (DW-MRI) to recover microstructural information indirectly. Diffusion-Weighted MR Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) goes one step further by not measuring the diffusion of tissue water but of cell-type specific metabolites. Given that, both techniques can provide complementary information: DW-MRI on water diffusion with high spatial resolution but without cellular specificity, and DW-MRS on cell-type specific metabolite diffusion but with a limited spatial resolution (single-volume) and at a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To meet the needs of sophisticated tissue and cell modeling strategies to derive quantitative microstructural measures both techniques have to be sensitized to specific length scales and structural features. This can only be achieved by constant development in sequence design, diffusion-encoding, tissue modeling, data processing, and technical equipment. This research topic aims to attract contributions from all these fields targeting DW-MRI and DW-MRS improvement to accomplish two fundamental goals: (1) providing unique intra-voxel distributions of a set of diffusion parameters instead of an averaged value; allowing the identification of multiple compartments and tissue microstructure, (2) enabling higher accuracy and precision in derived quantitative values. Acquisitional, computational, and pulse design technological breakthroughs have positioned DW-MRI and DW-MRS as powerful emerging modalities for studying biological media, from muscle to the central nervous system, exhibiting extraordinary sensitivity and specificity in differentiating normal from pathologic cell-level processes and microstructural alterations. We welcome studies and manuscripts covering all aspects of DW-MRI, DW-MRS, tissue/cell modeling, study protocol design, or technical innovation: from theoretical studies focusing on the mathematical and physiological background of tissue microstructural modeling, to technical developments, to phantom studies, to novel acquisition and sampling strategies, to improved diffusion encoding techniques, to clinical studies. We are encouraging the submission of the following types of manuscripts: original research and brief research reports, methods, protocols and study protocols, review and mini review, perspective, hypothesis and theory, technology and code, clinical trial, case report, classification, and data report. Topics for submitted papers can be in one of the following general categories: - Development of processing methods, instrumentation, or experimental design of DW-MRI and DW-MRS. - Introduction of new theoretical or simulation models to DW-MRI or DW-MRS. - In vivo (human and animal), in vitro, in silico, phantom, and ex vivo studies are welcome.
Biomarkers Of The Tumor Microenvironment
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Author : Lars A. Akslen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-02
Biomarkers Of The Tumor Microenvironment written by Lars A. Akslen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-02 with Medical categories.
This book reviews different aspects of the cancer microenvironment, and its regulation and importance for tumor progression. Practical applications, in terms of how biomarkers are increasingly included in therapy protocols, will also be discussed. Biomarkers of the Tumor Microenvironment: Basic Studies and Practical Applications is aimed at research pathologists in the cancer field, and also cancer researchers from other backgrounds, especially those using morphology techniques and models focusing on cross-talk between different cell types in tumors.
Advanced Imaging And Mapping In Brain Tumors
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Author : Nico Sollmann
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-12-02
Advanced Imaging And Mapping In Brain Tumors written by Nico Sollmann and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-02 with Science categories.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Nicole Seiberlich
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-11-18
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-18 with Computers categories.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Medicine categories.
Cancer Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Cancer Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Cancer categories.
Anisotropy Across Fields And Scales
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Author : Evren Özarslan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021
Anisotropy Across Fields And Scales written by Evren Özarslan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Algebra categories.
This open access book focuses on processing, modeling, and visualization of anisotropy information, which are often addressed by employing sophisticated mathematical constructs such as tensors and other higher-order descriptors. It also discusses adaptations of such constructs to problems encountered in seemingly dissimilar areas of medical imaging, physical sciences, and engineering. Featuring original research contributions as well as insightful reviews for scientists interested in handling anisotropy information, it covers topics such as pertinent geometric and algebraic properties of tensors and tensor fields, challenges faced in processing and visualizing different types of data, statistical techniques for data processing, and specific applications like mapping white-matter fiber tracts in the brain. The book helps readers grasp the current challenges in the field and provides information on the techniques devised to address them. Further, it facilitates the transfer of knowledge between different disciplines in order to advance the research frontiers in these areas. This multidisciplinary book presents, in part, the outcomes of the seventh in a series of Dagstuhl seminars devoted to visualization and processing of tensor fields and higher-order descriptors, which was held in Dagstuhl, Germany, on October 28-November 2, 2018.
Applications In Food Sciences
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Author : Atta-ur-Rahman
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2016-04-12
Applications In Food Sciences written by Atta-ur-Rahman and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-12 with Science categories.
Applications of NMR Spectroscopy is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in various fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, health and agriculture. The fourth volume of the series features several reviews focusing on NMR spectroscopic techniques in food sciences. Readers will find references on methods used to test food quality, food color analysis, the role of Tannins in wine taste as well as NMR studies on lipid oxidation and large protein complexes.