Biology And Pathology Of Astrocyte Neuron Interactions
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Biology And Pathology Of Astrocyte Neuron Interactions
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Author : Sergey Fedoroff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Biology And Pathology Of Astrocyte Neuron Interactions written by Sergey Fedoroff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
This volume is made up of papers presented at the Second International Altschul Symposium: Biology and Pathology of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions. The symposium was held in Saskatoon, Canada at the University of Saskatchewn in May, 1992 in memory of Rudolf Altschul, a graduate of the University of Prague and a pioneer in the fields of the biology of the vascular and nervous systems. Dr. Altschul was Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Saskatchewan from 1955 to 1963. The Altschul Symposia were made possible by an endowment left by Anni Altschul and by other contributions. The symposia are held biennially. One of the greatest challenges for present day scientists is to uncover the mechanisms of brain function. Although cellular anatomy of the nervous system has already been well outlined and indeed was delineated by the beginning of the century, experimental analysis of the function of the brain is relatively recent. The framework of the brain is made up of stellate cells, the astrocytes, which are interconnected by means of their processes, thus presenting a meshwork through which the neurons send their axons, accompanied by oligodendrocytes. Microglia are distributed throughout the brain.
Astrocyte
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Author : Maria Teresa Gentile
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-03-21
Astrocyte written by Maria Teresa Gentile and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-21 with Medical categories.
A team of authors from prestigious academic schools contributed to draw up a project that would give a detailed account of astrocyte's morphology and physiology, examining thoroughly all the astrocyte's types; giving an accurate description of their morphology, location, function in the brain; and illustrating their physiology and pathology in terms of dealing with neurons through "gliotransmitters," ionic channels, and membrane receptors expression. This book gives an overview of the crucial role of astrocytes in the physiology of the CNS and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders suggesting that the shift from a neurocentric view to one that incorporates astrocytes in disease models for drug discovery is a critical step in renewing drug development strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Interaction Between Neurons And Glia In Aging And Disease
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Author : Ana Cristina Rego
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-11-04
Interaction Between Neurons And Glia In Aging And Disease written by Ana Cristina Rego and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-04 with Medical categories.
A superb source of reference reviews as well as a concise overview of the functional cross-talk between neurons and glial cells, this book also focuses on microglia and inflammation in the aging brain and in neurological disorders. The scientific spectrum covered by this book is of key interest, and is recognized by the scientific community as a major competitive area with critical implications for human health.
Astrocytes And Epilepsy
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Author : Jacqueline A. Hubbard
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-07-05
Astrocytes And Epilepsy written by Jacqueline A. Hubbard and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-05 with Medical categories.
Epilepsy is a devastating group of neurological disorders characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizure activity in the brain. There is a critical need for new drugs and approaches given than at least one-third of all epilepsy patients are not made free of seizures by existing medications and become "medically refractory". Much of epilepsy research has focused on neuronal therapeutic targets, but current antiepileptic drugs often cause severe cognitive, developmental, and behavioral side effects. Recent findings indicate a critical contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the brain, to neuronal and network excitability and seizure activity. Furthermore, many important cellular and molecular changes occur in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in both humans and animal models of epilepsy. The goal of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively review exciting findings linking changes in astrocytes to functional changes responsible for epilepsy for the first time in book format. These insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility indicate that astrocytes may represent an important new therapeutic target in the control of epilepsy. Astrocytes and Epilepsy includes background explanatory text on astrocyte morphology and physiology, epilepsy models and syndromes, and evidence from both human tissue studies and animal models linking functional changes in astrocytes to epilepsy. Beautifully labelled diagrams are presented and relevant figures from the literature are reproduced to elucidate key findings and concepts in this rapidly emerging field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators as well as neurologists and other specialists caring for patients with epilepsy. Presents the first comprehensive book to synthesize historical and recent research on astrocytes and epilepsy into one coherent volume Provides a great resource on the field of astrocyte biology and astrocyte-neuron interactions Details potential therapeutic targets, including chapters on gap junctions, water and potassium channels, glutamate and adenosine metabolism, and inflammation
Astrocytes Cell Biology And Pathology Of Astrocytes
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Author : Sergey Fedoroff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Astrocytes Cell Biology And Pathology Of Astrocytes written by Sergey Fedoroff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Astrocytes categories.
Band 3.
New Developments In Astrocytes Research
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Author : Leyla Estrada
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2016
New Developments In Astrocytes Research written by Leyla Estrada and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Astrocytes categories.
Astrocytes, the most prevalent type of cell found in the brain, are glial cells that play a critical role in the support and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to regulating synaptic function and neuronal development, astrocytes contribute to CNS immune responses and regulate permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes respond to, and become activated by, a variety of molecular events in the CNS including the appearance of abnormal molecules, the disappearance of signaling molecules that are typically present, and changes in extracellular levels of various cytokines and chemokines. Under normal physiological conditions, astrocytic activation can be advantageous, as it can help protect the CNS from pathogens or injury; however, if this activation is sustained for a prolonged period, it can lead to detrimental astrocyte reactivity. This current book provides new developments in astrocyte research. The first chapter reviews pathological roles of astrocytes in brain edema formation. Chapter Two discusses neuroimmune interactions of astrocytes with other CNS cell types. Chapter Three focuses on astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The final chapter studies astrocyte's response to stress and injury.
Enteric Glia
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Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2014-07-01
Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-01 with Medical categories.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Astrocytes In Patho Physiology Of The Nervous System
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Author : Vladimir Parpura
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-11
Astrocytes In Patho Physiology Of The Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-11 with Medical categories.
Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
The Neuronal Environment
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Author : Wolfgang Walz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-12-26
The Neuronal Environment written by Wolfgang Walz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12-26 with Medical categories.
Leading neuroscience researchers offer a fresh perspective on neuronal function by examining all its many components-including their pertubation during major disease states-and relate each element to neuronal demands. Topics range from the dependency of neurons on metabolic supply, as well as on both ion and transmitter homeostasis, to their close interaction with the myelin sheath. Also addressed are the astrocytic signaling system that controls synaptic transmission, the extracellular matrix and space as communication systems, the role of blood flow regulation in neuronal demand and in blood-brain barrier function, and inflammation and the neuroimmune system. Insightful and integrative, The Neuronal Environment: Brain Homeostasis in Health and Disease demonstrates a clear new understanding that neurons do not work in isolation, that they need constant interactions with other brain components to process information, and that they are not the only information processing system in the brain.
Synaptic Function
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Author : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 1987
Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Neuroplasticity categories.
This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.