Bottom Up And Top Down Processes In Reading
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Bottom Up And Top Down Processes In Reading
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Author : Michael Dambacher
language : en
Publisher: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Release Date : 2010
Bottom Up And Top Down Processes In Reading written by Michael Dambacher and has been published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In reading, word frequency is commonly regarded as the major bottom-up determinant for the speed of lexical access. Moreover, language processing depends on top-down information, such as the predictability of a word from a previous context. Yet, however, the exact role of top-down predictions in visual word recognition is poorly understood: They may rapidly affect lexical processes, or alternatively, influence only late post-lexical stages. To add evidence about the nature of top-down processes and their relation to bottom-up information in the timeline of word recognition, we examined influences of frequency and predictability on event-related potentials (ERPs) in several sentence reading studies. The results were related to eye movements from natural reading as well as to models of word recognition. As a first and major finding, interactions of frequency and predictability on ERP amplitudes consistently revealed top-down influences on lexical levels of word processing (Chapters 2 and 4). Second, frequency and predictability mediated relations between N400 amplitudes and fixation durations, pointing to their sensitivity to a common stage of word recognition; further, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a result providing evidence for ongoing processing beyond a fixation (Chapter 3). Third, influences of presentation rate on ERP frequency and predictability effects demonstrated that the time available for word processing critically co-determines the course of bottom-up and top-down influences (Chapter 4). Fourth, at a near-normal reading speed, an early predictability effect suggested the rapid comparison of top-down hypotheses with the actual visual input (Chapter 5). The present results are compatible with interactive models of word recognition assuming that early lexical processes depend on the concerted impact of bottom-up and top-down information. We offered a framework that reconciles the findings on a timeline of word recognition taking into account influences of frequency, predictability, and presentation rate (Chapter 4).
Content Area Reading
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Author : Anthony V. Manzo
language : en
Publisher: LiteracyLeaders
Release Date : 1990
Content Area Reading written by Anthony V. Manzo and has been published by LiteracyLeaders this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Education categories.
A content reading methods text that takes a quick start, heuristic approach to imparting the skills future teachers need to improve their pupils' reading ability in essential content areas. Coverage of current theories and practices in comprehension, assessment and heuristics is organized around pre-reading, guided silent reading, and post-reading.
Interactive Approaches To Second Language Reading
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Author : Patricia L. Carrell
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1988-04-29
Interactive Approaches To Second Language Reading written by Patricia L. Carrell and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-04-29 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Emphasis is on English as a second language.
Learning A Second Language Through Interaction
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1999-01-01
Learning A Second Language Through Interaction written by and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This text examines different perspectives on the role that interaction plays in second language acquisition. In addition the effects of language aptitude on input processing are considered, and the contribution that interaction makes to the acquisition of grammatical knowledge is discussed.
Handbook Of Early Literacy Research
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Author : Susan B. Neuman
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2003-04-07
Handbook Of Early Literacy Research written by Susan B. Neuman and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-07 with Education categories.
Current research increasingly highlights the role of early literacy in young children's development--and facilitates the growth of practices and policies that promote success among diverse learners. The Handbook of Early Literacy Research presents cutting-edge knowledge on all aspects of literacy learning in the preschool years. Volume 1 covers such essential topics as major theories of early literacy; writing development; understanding learning disabilities, including early intervention approaches; cultural and socioeconomic contexts of literacy development; and tutoring programs and other special intervention efforts.
Designing Tasks For The Communicative Classroom
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Author : David Nunan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1989-03-09
Designing Tasks For The Communicative Classroom written by David Nunan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-03-09 with Education categories.
This book integrates recent research and practice in language teaching into a framework for analysing learning tasks.
Interactive Processes In Reading
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Author : Alan M. Lesgold
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Interactive Processes In Reading written by Alan M. Lesgold and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1981, this volume is the edited proceedings of a conference held at the Learning Research and Development Center of the University of Pittsburgh in September 1979. The 15 chapters share a number of common issues. These include the role of contextual influences on lexical access, specific models of lexical access and word pronunciation, speech and visual processes in reading, the role of knowledge in comprehension, and sources of skill difference and skill development.
Reading In A Second Language
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Author : William Grabe
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009
Reading In A Second Language written by William Grabe and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Education categories.
Abstract:
Applied Languages Theory And Practice In Esp
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Author : Jordi Piqué Angordans
language : en
Publisher: Universitat de València
Release Date : 1997
Applied Languages Theory And Practice In Esp written by Jordi Piqué Angordans and has been published by Universitat de València this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Today more and more linguists and language specialists the world over are acknowledging the vital role of ESP within the English language teaching and learning area. Consequently, teachers and learners alike are discovering that there is a wider scope available to them in the field. Hopefully, the joint effort that went into the publishing of this volume will serve to motivate others to continue working in this direction.
Effective Language Learning
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Author : Suzanne Graham
language : en
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
Release Date : 1997
Effective Language Learning written by Suzanne Graham and has been published by Multilingual Matters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book investigates some of the learning processes of students of French and German as they begin language learning at an advanced level, a stage which is frequently problematic. By looking at the learning strategies employed by both successful and less successful language students, the author elucidates some of the key cognitive and affective processes which facilitate advanced level language learning. The implications of this for the classroom are discussed in detail, leading to practical recommendations for learning and teaching strategies. A central theme is the need to teach explicitly the proficient use of learning strategies, and suggestions are made as to how this may be achieved in the language classroom.