Calcium Channel Activity And Force Regulation In Smooth Muscle
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Calcium Channel Activity And Force Regulation In Smooth Muscle
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Author : Maria Gomez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Calcium Channel Activity And Force Regulation In Smooth Muscle written by Maria Gomez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Calcium channels categories.
Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Contraction
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Author : Robert S. Moreland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Regulation Of Smooth Muscle Contraction written by Robert S. Moreland and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Sixth Annual Graduate Hospital Research Symposium REGULATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PROGRESS IN SOLVING THE PUZZLE Every so often a scientific conference comes at a time when everyone has new and exciting information, when old "dogmas" do not seem to be as well established, and when speakers and participants alike are ready to challenge interpretations of old and new experimental data. This was such a conference. What turns on a smooth muscle cell? The precise answer to this question has eluded scientists for much longer than I have been involved in the field. We know that an increase in cytosolic calcium is necessary and we know that phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain is an important step in the process. We do not know if other processes are necessary for the initiation and lor maintenance of a smooth muscle contraction nor do we know if other processes modulate the regulation of contraction. The goal of the symposium on which this volume is based was to explore the most current hypotheses for the answers to these questions. I believe that after reading the chapters included in this volume, you will agree that this goal was achieved. The importance of calcium and calmodulin dependent myosin light chain phosphoryla tion in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction was reinforced by many presentations. However, the status of myosin light chain phosphorylation as a simple calcium dependent switch came under serious suspicion.
Calcium In Muscle Contraction
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Author : Johann C. Rüegg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Calcium In Muscle Contraction written by Johann C. Rüegg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Recent years have witnessed an explosion of knowledge lea- ding to a molecular understanding of the mechanisms of ac- tion of calcium on excitation and contraction coupling and its role in the regulation of contractility. This book highlights the most recent progress as well as providing a historial perspective of the field. It presents a concise and comprehensive overview of our current knowledge regar- ding calcium channels and regulatory proteins as well as in- tracellular calcium handling and the mechanisms underlying the activation of contractile proteins. It also describes how these basic mechanisms have been adapted in various types of muscle, especially in cardiac and smooth muscle.
Encyclopedic Reference Of Molecular Pharmacology
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Author : Stefan Offermanns
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Encyclopedic Reference Of Molecular Pharmacology written by Stefan Offermanns and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Encyclopedias and dictionaries categories.
Presents current information on the molecular mechanisms of drug action. Provides 159 essays describing groups of drugs and drug targets. Several essays deal with general principles of pharmacology, such as drug tolerance, drug addiction, or drug metabolism.
Regulation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function
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Author : Raouf A. Khalil
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2010-05-01
Regulation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function written by Raouf A. Khalil and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-01 with Medical categories.
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) constitutes most of the tunica media in blood vessels and plays an important role in the control of vascular tone. Ca2+ is a major regulator of VSM contraction and is strictly regulated by an intricate system of Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms. The interaction of a physiological agonist with its plasma membrane receptor stimulates the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and increases the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Agonists also stimulate Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space via voltage-gated, receptor-operated, and store-operated channels. Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms tend to decrease the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by activating Ca2+ extrusion via the plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the uptake of excess Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly the mitochondria. A threshold increase in [Ca2+]i activates Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, stimulates actin–myosin interaction, and initiates VSM contraction. The agonist-induced maintained increase in DAG also activates specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, which in turn cause phosphorylation of cytoplasmic substrates that increase the contractile myofilaments force sensitivity to Ca2+ and thereby enhance VSM contraction. Agonists could also activate Rho kinase (ROCK), leading to inhibition of MLC phosphatase and further enhancement of the myofilaments force sensitivity to Ca2+. The combined increases in [Ca2+]i, PKC and ROCK activity cause significant vasoconstriction and could also stimulate VSM hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The protracted and progressive activation of these processes could lead to pathological vascular remodeling and vascular disease.
Regulation Of The Contractile Cycle In Smooth Muscle
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Author : Takeshi Nakano
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Regulation Of The Contractile Cycle In Smooth Muscle written by Takeshi Nakano and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
At the Mie International Symposium held in Japan in April 1994, leading scientists reviewed recent advances in the understanding of the contractile mechanism in smooth muscle. The present volume collects the papers presented at the symposium, summarizing the latest advances in smooth muscle function and emphasizing important components of the contraction-relaxation cycle. Topics include a discussion of the smooth muscle cell membrane, with emphasis on its ion channels; the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels and the relationship to force in smooth muscle; aspects of the two key regulatory enzymes involved with myosin phosphorylation-dephosphorylation; the molecular basis for pharmacomechanical coupling in smooth muscle; developments in the basic contractile mechanisms involving the crossbridge cycle of tonic and phasic muscle; the role of myosin light chains; and many others. The approach is broad and presents contemporary opinions in pharmacology, physiology, and biochemistry as they relate to smooth muscle function. The book will appeal not only to those working in these disciplines, but to vascular clinicians, obstetric-gynecological physicians, and gastroenterologists as well.
Signal Transduction And Smooth Muscle
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Author : Mohamed Trebak
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-08-06
Signal Transduction And Smooth Muscle written by Mohamed Trebak and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-06 with Medical categories.
All hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, airways, male and female reproductive systems, and the urinary bladder are primarily composed of smooth muscle. Such organs regulate flow, propulsion and mixing of luminal contents and storage by the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells respond to numerous inputs, including pressure, shear stress, intrinsic and extrinsic innervation, hormones and other circulating molecules, as well as autocrine and paracrine factors. This book is a review of smooth muscle cell regulation in the cardiovascular, reproductive, GI, and other organ systems with emphasis on calcium and receptor signaling. Key selling features: Focuses on smooth muscles of different types Describes ion channel signaling mechanisms Reviews calcium and receptor signaling Includes novel, cutting-edge methodologies Summarizes studies of mice with genetically encoding sensors in smooth muscle Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Calcium In Muscle Activation
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Author : Johann C. Rüegg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Calcium In Muscle Activation written by Johann C. Rüegg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This book offers a comparative and interdisciplinary approach to excitation-contraction-coupling in smooth and striated mus cles, including the myocardium. It is an account of the path ways and mechanisms by which cellular calcium is handled and activates the contractile proteins. It also describes how these mechanisms are adapted in various kinds of muscle to meet specific functional requirements, such as speed or economy. This monograph then presents facts, ideas and theories and the evidence on which they are based, and ifit stimulates others and furthers research, it will have served its purpose. All of the chapters are self-contained and may be read in any order, but readers unfamiliar with muscle are recommended to start with the introductory chapter on excitation and contraction. During all the years of writing this book, I received enormous help from Isolde Berger who corrected, edited and transformed my innumerable notes and drafts into a readable manuscript; she also compiled the list of references and the Subject Index. I owe a great debt of gratitude to her and also to Claudia Zeugner, who prepared the figures with expertise and care. Then I would like to thank the Deutsche F orschungs gemeinschaft and the Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung for supporting the work of my Department which has been reported in this monograph. A great many people contributed with helpful discussions.
Basic And Clinical Understanding Of Microcirculation
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Author : Kaneez Fatima Shad
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-07-22
Basic And Clinical Understanding Of Microcirculation written by Kaneez Fatima Shad and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-22 with Medical categories.
Microcirculation is key to providing enough nutrition and oxygen from head to toe. This is possible only through an extensive network of blood vessels spread around the body. Effect of microcirculation abnormalities stretch beyond one’s comprehension. The effects could be felt at any age, from the foetal life to the adulthood. The chapters present in this book describe how these abnormalities could lead to diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, hypertension. Disorders of microcirculation could be related to the structural and/or functional damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels. Early identification of these disorders could benefit many ailments including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
Cellular Aspects Of Smooth Muscle Function
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Author : C. Y. Kao
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1997-08-28
Cellular Aspects Of Smooth Muscle Function written by C. Y. Kao and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-08-28 with Science categories.
Smooth muscles line many internal organs and, in general, are involved in moving fluids and slurry around the body. They are controlled by the action of hormones, by nervous stimulation, and can be influenced by drugs. This 1997 book provides a review of our understanding of smooth muscle and integrates molecular, cellular and physiological information with tissue and anatomical studies. Well-known researchers have written chapters giving detailed reviews of our current knowledge of the biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology and anatomy of smooth muscle. In particular, they cover the seven most important areas of smooth muscle function including morphology, electrophysiology, mechanisms of electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, mechanics of contraction, and the contractile proteins. All those interested in muscular contraction will find this book worthwhile, whether they are biochemists, physiologists, or cell biologists.