Causal Analysis In Population Studies

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Causal Analysis In Population Studies

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Author : Henriette Engelhardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-05

Causal Analysis In Population Studies written by Henriette Engelhardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-05 with Social Science categories.

The central aim of many studies in population research and demography is to explain cause-effect relationships among variables or events. For decades, population scientists have concentrated their efforts on estimating the ‘causes of effects’ by applying standard cross-sectional and dynamic regression techniques, with regression coefficients routinely being understood as estimates of causal effects. The standard approach to infer the ‘effects of causes’ in natural sciences and in psychology is to conduct randomized experiments. In population studies, experimental designs are generally infeasible. In population studies, most research is based on non-experimental designs (observational or survey designs) and rarely on quasi experiments or natural experiments. Using non-experimental designs to infer causal relationships—i.e. relationships that can ultimately inform policies or interventions—is a complex undertaking. Specifically, treatment effects can be inferred from non-experimental data with a counterfactual approach. In this counterfactual perspective, causal effects are defined as the difference between the potential outcome irrespective of whether or not an individual had received a certain treatment (or experienced a certain cause). The counterfactual approach to estimate effects of causes from quasi-experimental data or from observational studies was first proposed by Rubin in 1974 and further developed by James Heckman and others. This book presents both theoretical contributions and empirical applications of the counterfactual approach to causal inference.

Probability And Social Science

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Author : Daniel Courgeau
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-22

Probability And Social Science written by Daniel Courgeau and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-22 with Social Science categories.

This work examines in depth the methodological relationships that probability and statistics have maintained with the social sciences from their emergence. It covers both the history of thought and current methods. First it examines in detail the history of the different paradigms and axioms for probability, from their emergence in the seventeenth century up to the most recent developments of the three major concepts: objective, subjective and logicist probability. It shows the statistical inference they permit, different applications to social sciences and the main problems they encounter. On the other side, from social sciences—particularly population sciences—to probability, it shows the different uses they made of probabilistic concepts during their history, from the seventeenth century, according to their paradigms: cross-sectional, longitudinal, hierarchical, contextual and multilevel approaches. While the ties may have seemed loose at times, they have more often been very close: some advances in probability were driven by the search for answers to questions raised by the social sciences; conversely, the latter have made progress thanks to advances in probability. This dual approach sheds new light on the historical development of the social sciences and probability, and on the enduring relevance of their links. It permits also to solve a number of methodological problems encountered all along their history.

Counterfactuals And Causal Inference

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Author : Stephen L. Morgan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015

Counterfactuals And Causal Inference written by Stephen L. Morgan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Mathematics categories.

This new edition aims to convince social scientists to take a counterfactual approach to the core questions of their fields.

Handbook Of Causal Analysis For Social Research

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Author : Stephen L. Morgan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-22

Handbook Of Causal Analysis For Social Research written by Stephen L. Morgan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Social Science categories.

What constitutes a causal explanation, and must an explanation be causal? What warrants a causal inference, as opposed to a descriptive regularity? What techniques are available to detect when causal effects are present, and when can these techniques be used to identify the relative importance of these effects? What complications do the interactions of individuals create for these techniques? When can mixed methods of analysis be used to deepen causal accounts? Must causal claims include generative mechanisms, and how effective are empirical methods designed to discover them? The Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research tackles these questions with nineteen chapters from leading scholars in sociology, statistics, public health, computer science, and human development.

Handbook Of Health Inequalities Across The Life Course

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Author : Rasmus Hoffmann
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-01-20

Handbook Of Health Inequalities Across The Life Course written by Rasmus Hoffmann and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-20 with Social Science categories.

The development of health across an individual’s life depends on many factors, but social determinants play a vital role. This timely Handbook simultaneously uses theoretical, descriptive, explanatory and policy approaches to explore health inequalities related to income, education, occupational status, social capital, and also biological and genetic factors.

Mixed Method Data Collection Strategies

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Author : William G. Axinn
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-10-02

Mixed Method Data Collection Strategies written by William G. Axinn and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-02 with Social Science categories.

This book draws on a broad range of available social data collection methods to formulate a set of data collection approaches combining elements of existing methods. These methods are designed to create a comprehensive empirical description of the subject, accumulating the information needed with a minimum of error.

Probabilities Laws And Structures

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Author : Dennis Dieks
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-02

Probabilities Laws And Structures written by Dennis Dieks and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-02 with Science categories.

This volume, the third in this Springer series, contains selected papers from the four workshops organized by the ESF Research Networking Programme "The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective" (PSE) in 2010: Pluralism in the Foundations of Statistics Points of Contact between the Philosophy of Physics and the Philosophy of Biology The Debate on Mathematical Modeling in the Social Sciences Historical Debates about Logic, Probability and Statistics The volume is accordingly divided in four sections, each of them containing papers coming from the workshop focussing on one of these themes. While the programme's core topic for the year 2010 was probability and statistics, the organizers of the workshops embraced the opportunity of building bridges to more or less closely connected issues in general philosophy of science, philosophy of physics and philosophy of the special sciences. However, papers that analyze the concept of probability for various philosophical purposes are clearly a major theme in this volume, as it was in the previous volumes of the same series. This reflects the impressive productivity of probabilistic approaches in the philosophy of science, which form an important part of what has become known as formal epistemology - although, of course, there are non-probabilistic approaches in formal epistemology as well. It is probably fair to say that Europe has been particularly strong in this area of philosophy in recent years.​

Biosocial Surveys

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-01-06

Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-06 with Social Science categories.

Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€"respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.

Demography Analysis And Synthesis Four Volume Set

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Author : Graziella Caselli
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2006-01-03

Demography Analysis And Synthesis Four Volume Set written by Graziella Caselli and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-03 with Reference categories.

This four-volume collection of over 140 original chapters covers virtually everything of interest to demographers, sociologists, and others. Over 100 authors present population subjects in ways that provoke thinking and lead to the creation of new perspectives, not just facts and equations to be memorized. The articles follow a theory-methods-applications approach and so offer a kind of "one-stop shop" that is well suited for students and professors who need non-technical summaries, such as political scientists, public affairs specialists, and others. Unlike shorter handbooks, Demography: Analysis and Synthesis offers a long overdue, thorough treatment of the field. Choosing the analytical method that fits the data and the situation requires insights that the authors and editors of Demography: Analysis and Synthesis have explored and developed. This extended examination of demographic tools not only seeks to explain the analytical tools themselves, but also the relationships between general population dynamics and their natural, economic, social, political, and cultural environments. Limiting themselves to human populations only, the authors and editors cover subjects that range from the core building blocks of population change--fertility, mortality, and migration--to the consequences of demographic changes in the biological and health fields, population theories and doctrines, observation systems, and the teaching of demography. The international perspectives brought to these subjects is vital for those who want an unbiased, rounded overview of these complex, multifaceted subjects. Topics to be covered: * Population Dynamics and the Relationship Between Population Growth and Structure * The Determinants of Fertility * The Determinants of Mortality * The Determinants of Migration * Historical and Geographical Determinants of Population * The Effects of Population on Health, Economics, Culture, and the Environment * Population Policies * Data Collection Methods and Teaching about Population Studies * All chapters share a common format * Each chapter features several cross-references to other chapters * Tables, charts, and other non-text features are widespread * Each chapter contains at least 30 bibliographic citations

The Future Of Low Birthrate Populations

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Author : Lincoln H. Day
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1995

The Future Of Low Birthrate Populations written by Lincoln H. Day and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Medical categories.

Lincoln Day assesses the demographic situation, the likely policy alternatives, the significance of future changes in fertility and mortality rates and analyses the likely losses and gains attendant upon an ageing, dwindling people.