Causation In Psychology
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Causation In Psychology
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Author : John Campbell
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2020-12-01
Causation In Psychology written by John Campbell and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-01 with Philosophy categories.
A renowned philosopher argues that singular causation in the mind is not grounded in general patterns of causation, a claim on behalf of human distinctiveness, which has implications for the future of social robots. A blab droid is a robot with a body shaped like a pizza box, a pair of treads, and a smiley face. Guided by an onboard video camera, it roams hotel lobbies and conference centers, asking questions in the voice of a seven-year-old. “Can you help me?” “What is the worst thing you’ve ever done?” “Who in the world do you love most?” People pour their hearts out in response. This droid prompts the question of what we can hope from social robots. Might they provide humanlike friendship? Philosopher John Campbell doesn’t think so. He argues that, while a social robot can remember the details of a person’s history better than some spouses can, it cannot empathize with the human mind, because it lacks the faculty for thinking in terms of singular causation. Causation in Psychology makes the case that singular causation is essential and unique to the human species. From the point of view of practical action, knowledge of what generally causes what is often all one needs. But humans are capable of more. We have a capacity to imagine singular causation. Unlike robots and nonhuman animals, we don’t have to rely on axioms about pain to know how ongoing suffering is affecting someone’s ability to make decisions, for example, and this knowledge is not a derivative of general rules. The capacity to imagine singular causation, Campbell contends, is a core element of human freedom and of the ability to empathize with human thoughts and feelings.
Explanation Causation Psychology
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Author : Dick Ruimschotel
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 1989-11-01
Explanation Causation Psychology written by Dick Ruimschotel and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-11-01 with Psychology categories.
Personal Causation
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Author : R. de Charms
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-31
Personal Causation written by R. de Charms and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-31 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1983. This book is primarily intended to make a theoretical contribution, to suggest a somewhat novel way of approaching the problems of human motivation, to break from tradition. The aim of this work is to stimulate the reader to think on a broad scale about big problems and to temper these thoughts with the detailed facts of empirical investigations.
Philosophy Of Psychology Causality And Psychological Subject
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Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-06-11
Philosophy Of Psychology Causality And Psychological Subject written by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-11 with Philosophy categories.
Contemporary philosophy of science analyzes psychology as a science with special features, because this discipline includes some specific philosophical problems – descriptive and normative, structural and dynamic. Some of these are particularly relevant both theoretically (casual explanation) and practically (the configuration of the psychological subject and its relations with psychiatry). Two central aspects in this book are the role of causality, especially conceived as intervention or manipulation, and the characterization of the psychological subject. This requires a clarification of scientific explanations in terms of causality in psychology, because characterizations of causality are quite different in epistemological and ontological terms. One of the most influential views is James Woodward’s approach to causality as intervention, which entails an analysis of its characteristics, new elements and limits. This means taking into account the structural and dynamic aspects included in causal cognition and psychological explanations. Psychology seen as special science also requires us to consider the scientific status of psychology and the psychological subject, which leads to limits of naturalism in psychology.
The Understanding Of Causation And The Production Of Action
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Author : Peter Anthony White
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2018-10-24
The Understanding Of Causation And The Production Of Action written by Peter Anthony White and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Psychology categories.
This text is an attempt to trace out a line of development in the understanding of how things happen, from origins in infancy to mature forms in adulthood. There are two distinct but related ways in which people understand things as happening, denoted by the terms "causation" and "action". This book is concerned with both.; The central claim and organizing principle of the book is that, by the end of the second year of life, children have differentiated two core theories of how things happen. These theories deal with causation and action. The two theories have a common point of origin in the infant's experience of producing actions, but thereafter diverge, both in content and in realm of application. Once established, the core theories of causation and action never change, but form a permanent metaphysical underpinning on which subsequent developments in the understanding of how things happen are erected. The story of development is therefore largely the story of how further concepts become attached to integrated with the core theories. Although the developmental and adult literatures on causal understanding appear at first glance to have little in common, in fact this appearance is illusory, and the idea of two theories helps to bring the two literatures in contact with each other.; The book begins with a survey of the main philosophical ideas about causation and action. Following this, the possible origins of understanding in infancy are reviewed, and separate chapters then deal with the development of understanding of action and causation through childhood. This is then linked to the adult understanding of action and causation, and the literature on adult causal attribution and causal judgement is reviewed from this perspective.
The Perception Of Causality
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Author : Albert Michotte
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
The Perception Of Causality written by Albert Michotte and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1963, this is a classic work on the psychology of perception. By means of suitable patterns on a partly concealed rotating disc Michotte was able to give the impression of objects in movement; and where certain conditions of speed, position, and time-interval were satisfied, his subjects received the impression of a causal interaction between two objects – for example, the impression that one object has ‘bumped into’ another (the ‘Launching Effect’) or is carrying it along (the ‘Entraining Effect’). In a further group of experiments Michotte studies the conditions in which moving objects look as though they are alive. A large number of experiments are described, and on the basis of them Michotte formulates a theory as to the conditions in which causal impressions occur. He also compares his own views on causality with those of Hume, Maine de Biran, and Piaget.
Perception Causation And Objectivity
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Author : Johannes Roessler
language : en
Publisher: Consciousness & Self-Conscious
Release Date : 2011-07-14
Perception Causation And Objectivity written by Johannes Roessler and has been published by Consciousness & Self-Conscious this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-14 with Philosophy categories.
Leading philosophers and psychologists offer a rigorous assessment of the commonsense view that perceptual experience is an immediate awareness of mind-independent objects. They examine the nature of perception, its role in the acquisition of knowledge, the role of causation in perception, and how perceptual understanding develops in humans.
Causation With A Human Face
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Author : James Francis Woodward
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Causation With A Human Face written by James Francis Woodward and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Causation categories.
Understanding Counterfactuals Understanding Causation
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Author : Christoph Hoerl
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-10-27
Understanding Counterfactuals Understanding Causation written by Christoph Hoerl and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-27 with Philosophy categories.
How are causal judgements such as 'The ice on the road caused the traffic accident' connected with counterfactual judgements such as 'If there had not been any ice on the road, the traffic accident would not have happened'? This volume throws new light on this question by uniting, for the first time, psychological and philosophical approaches to causation and counterfactuals. Traditionally, philosophers have primarily been interested in connections between causal and counterfactual claims on the level of meaning or truth-conditions. More recently, however, they have also increasingly turned their attention to psychological connections between causal and counterfactual understanding or reasoning. At the same time, there has been a surge in interest in empirical work on causal and counterfactual cognition amongst developmental, cognitive, and social psychologists—much of it inspired by work in philosophy. In this volume, twelve original contributions from leading philosophers and psychologists explore in detail what bearing empirical findings might have on philosophical concerns about counterfactuals and causation, and how, in turn, work in philosophy might help clarify the issues at stake in empirical work on the cognitive underpinnings of, and relationships between, causal and counterfactual thought.
Causation With A Human Face
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Author : James Woodward
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-10-11
Causation With A Human Face written by James Woodward and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-11 with Mathematics categories.
The past few decades have seen an explosion of research on causal reasoning in philosophy, computer science, and statistics, as well as descriptive work in psychology. In Causation with a Human Face, James Woodward integrates these lines of research and argues for an understanding of how each can inform the other: normative ideas can suggest interesting experiments, while descriptive results can suggest important normative concepts. Woodward's overall framework builds on the interventionist treatment of causation that he developed in Making Things Happen. Normative ideas discussed include proposals about the role of invariant or stable relationships in successful causal reasoning and the notion of proportionality. He argues that these normative ideas are reflected in the causal judgments that people actually make as a descriptive matter. Woodward also discusses the common philosophical practice-particularly salient in philosophical accounts of causation--of appealing to intuitions or judgments about cases in support of philosophical theses. He explores how, properly understood, such appeals are not different in principle from appeals to results from empirical research, and demonstrates how they may serve as a useful source of information about causal cognition.