Cell Phone Use While Driving
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Cell Phone Use While Driving
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Author : Ryan Matthew Brumfield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Cell Phone Use While Driving written by Ryan Matthew Brumfield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
While operating a motor vehicle, drivers routinely give up a portion of their concentration for distractions. Whether the mental diversion is outside or inside the car, tangible or intangible, the cognitive processing power of the brain suffers. In turn, driving performance languishes, contingent upon the level of distraction present. One of the leading causes of inattention is cell phone use, in the form of both talking and text messaging. Through observation, data collection, analysis, and development of theory, this study attempts to establish an understanding of the problem of cell phone use while driving. Scale of the problem, as well as causes, effects, and mitigation strategies are presented in detail. Discussions are supported by two case studies: 1) the effect of driver cell phone use on yielding behavior at mid-block crosswalks and 2) the effect of cell phone use on queue discharge patterns at signalized intersections. Findings from the first case study suggest that distracted drivers, including those talking on a cell phone, are between eleven and fifteen times less likely to yield to pedestrians than attentive drivers. Interestingly, results from the second case study show that, although text messaging has a significant negative impact on traffic flow at intersections, talking on a cell phone has a negligible effect. Secondary analyses imply that numerous other distractions can captivate drivers' attention at stop lights, allowing cell phone talkers to "fly under the radar," neither helping nor harming intersection operations. Taken together, this research proves that although cell phone use does negatively influence driver performance, there are myriad other distractions that have comparable effects.
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving
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Author : Alaisdair Cain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Investigation Of The Use Of Mobile Phones While Driving written by Alaisdair Cain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Summarizes existing info. on the subject of mobile phone use while driving, in order to provide a concise summary of the issues for the public, researchers, and legislators alike. Discusses the benefits of mobile phone usage while driving, such as driver safety and time use efficiency, and negative aspects such as its potential for driver distraction resulting in accidents. Contains info. on the demographics of mobile phone use in the U.S., focusing on user demographics and frequency of usage while driving. People who used a mobile phone while driving were anywhere from 34% to 300% more likely to have an accident. Charts and tables.
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving
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Author : Sidney C. Houghton
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2014
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving written by Sidney C. Houghton and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Cell phone calls categories.
Distracted driving is a behaviour dangerous to drivers, passengers, and non-occupants alike. Distraction is a specific type of inattention that occurs when drivers divert their attention from the driving task to focus on some other activity instead. This book examines data gathered on specific distracting activities to support the development of safety countermeasures and to conduct improved data analysis.
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving
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Author : Gail Barbara Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Referencepoint Press
Release Date : 2014-08
Cell Phones And Distracted Driving written by Gail Barbara Stewart and has been published by Referencepoint Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08 with Cell phone calls categories.
Cell phones, while providing an easy means communication, have been cited as the cause of thousands of deadly driving accidents throughout the United States. Through objective overviews, primary sources, and full-color illustrations, this title examines The Distractions of Driving, The Science of Distraction, Cell Phones and the Law, Have Laws Reduced Cell Phone Distraction? Other Efforts to Reduce Cell Phone Use by Drivers.
Distracted Driving And Cell Phone Use While Driving
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Distracted Driving And Cell Phone Use While Driving written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Even though many jurisdictions with cell phone bans only restrict the use of hand- held cell phones, a consistent message in the literature is that hands-free cell phone use when driving is no safer than hand-held cell phone use [6,7,9,11]. [...] The diversion of attention is not attributable to a medical condition, alcohol/drug use and/or fatigue [1] Driver distraction, in particular the use of cell phones while driving, is becoming an issue of concern in Alberta. [...] Hand-Held versus Hands-Free Cell Phones Although many jurisdictions with cell phone bans only restrict the use of hand-held cell phones, a consistent message in the Hands-free literature is that hands-free cell phone use when driving is no phones are no safer than hand-held cell phone use [6,7,9,11]. [...] Talking on a cell phone requires multiple consecutive shifts between the phone and the road, increasing the time that drivers are effectively unfocused on the task of driving. [...] Novice versus Experienced Drivers In 2004, the University of Calgary (U of C) and the Insurance Bureau of Canada (IBC) prepared a meta-analysis on cell phone use while driving for the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA) [11].
Examining Strategies For Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving
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Author : Megan Michelle Miller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Examining Strategies For Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving written by Megan Michelle Miller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The current research investigated strategies to reduce cell phone use while driving. Anti-distracted driving campaigns, which typically communicate risk information and target driver behavior, may produce limited effects because people tend to underestimate their risk from this behavior (e.g., Schlehofer et al., 2010). Study 1 compared the effects of messages targeting drivers to messages targeting non-drivers in order to examine the potential of discouraging people from having cell phone communication with others who are driving. Some anti-distracted driving campaigns have emphasized the potential harm to both the driver and others, but whether one approach (self-oriented or other-oriented messaging) is more persuasive than the other has not been examined empirically. Study 1 compared messages that were self-oriented, other-oriented, or neutral in terms of who could be affected by cell phone use while driving. Although cell phone use while driving generally is perceived as dangerous, people may make justifications for engaging in the behavior on at least some occasions, and these justifications may override the influence of risk knowledge on behavior. Consistent with inoculation theory (McGuire, 1961), if given the opportunity to practice refuting these justifications in a controlled setting, people will be more likely to defend themselves against justifications to engage in cell phone use while driving. Thus, Study 1 tested the prediction that participation in an inoculation task would reduce the likelihood of cell phone use while driving. Results from Study 1 suggested an advantage of targeting non-driving participants of cell phone conversations to enhance efforts for reducing on-the-road cell phone use. Study 1 also demonstrated a positive effect of inoculation, but primarily for behavior of non-driving participants of cell phone conversations. In addition to overconfidence in ability to avoid risk, habitual tendencies also may impede the influence of risk communication campaigns (Bayer & Campbell, 2012). Study 2 investigated the potential of mindfulness-based and implementation intentions techniques for helping people overcome habitual responses to their cell phone when doing so is inappropriate or inconvenient. Results indicated that pairing mindfulness-based training with risk information may be significantly more effective than risk information alone at inhibiting inappropriate cell phone use.
A Revised Economic Analysis Of Restrictions On The Use Of Cell Phones While Driving
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Author : Joshua T. Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
A Revised Economic Analysis Of Restrictions On The Use Of Cell Phones While Driving written by Joshua T. Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Evidence that cell phone use while driving increases the risk of being involved in a motor vehicle crash has led policymakers to consider prohibitions on this practice. However, while restrictions would reduce property loss, injuries, and fatalities, consumers would lose the convenience of using these devices while driving. Quantifying the risks and benefits associated with cell phone use while driving is complicated by substantial uncertainty in the estimates of several important inputs, including the extent to which cell phone use increases a driver's risk of being involved in a crash, the amount of time drivers spend using cell phones (and hence their aggregate contribution to crashes, injuries, and fatalities), and the incremental value to users of being able to make calls while driving. Two prominent studies that have investigated cell phone use while driving have concluded that the practice should not be banned. One finds that the benefits of calls made while driving substantially exceed their costs while the other finds that other interventions could reduce motor vehicle injuries and fatalities (measured in terms of quality adjusted life years) at a lower cost. Another issue is that cell phone use imposes increased (involuntary) risks on other roadway users. This article revises the assumptions used in the two previous analyses to make them consistent and updates them using recent data. The result is a best estimate of zero for the net benefit of cell phone use while driving, a finding that differs substantially from the previous study. Our revised cost-effectiveness estimate for cell phone use while driving moves in the other direction, finding that the cost per quality adjusted life year increases modestly compared to the previous estimate. Both estimates are very uncertain.
Driving Performance During Cell Phone Conversations And Common In Vehicle Tasks While Sober And Drunk
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Author : Michael Rakauskas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Driving Performance During Cell Phone Conversations And Common In Vehicle Tasks While Sober And Drunk written by Michael Rakauskas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Automobile drivers categories.
The crash risk associated with cell phone use while driving is a contentious issue. Many states are introducing Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) that may be accessed with cell phones while driving (e.g. 511 Traveler Information Services). In these contexts, there is a need for relevant research to determine the risk of cell phone use. This study compared driver performance while conversing on a hands-free cell phone to conditions of operating common in-vehicle controls (e.g., radio, fan, air conditioning) and alcohol intoxication (BAC 0.08). In addition, the study examined the combined effects of being distracted and being intoxicated given that there may be a higher risk of a crash if the driver engages in a combination of risk factors. During simulated traffic scenarios, resource allocation was assessed through behavioral measures and an event-related potential (ERP) novelty oddball paradigm. The results indicated that during a car following scenario, drivers engaged in the conversations or completing in-vehicle tasks were more impaired than drivers that were not involved in any distraction task. Indeed, both the cell phone and in-vehicle sources of distraction were generally more impairing than intoxication at the legal limit. These results will be used in a follow up study in order to compare the effects on attention of driving and using 511 to distraction from these tested distractions.
Cell Phones And Highway Safety
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Author : Matthew Sundeen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Cell Phones And Highway Safety written by Matthew Sundeen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Cell phones categories.
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents
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Author : Robert W. Hahn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Impact Of Driver Cell Phone Use On Accidents written by Robert W. Hahn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Cell phone use is increasing worldwide, leading to a concern that cell phone use while driving increases accidents. Several countries, as well as two states and many municipalities in the U.S., have banned the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. In this paper, we develop a new approach for estimating the relationship between cell phone use while driving and accidents. Our approach is the first to allow for the direct estimation of the impact of a cell phone ban while driving. It is based on new survey data from over 7,000 individuals. This paper differs from previous research in two significant ways: first, we use a larger sample of individual-level data; and second, we test for selection effects, such as whether drivers who use cell phones are inherently less safe drivers, even when not on the phone. The paper has three key findings. First, there is evidence of selection effects. Our analysis suggests that individuals who are more likely to use hands-free devices are more careful drivers even without them. Once we correct for the endogeneity of hands-free usage, our models predict no statistically significant reduction in accidents from mandating that usage must be hands-free. Second, we find that the impact of minutes of cell phone use on accidents varies across the population. Even after controlling for observed driver characteristics, our random coefficient models show there is additional variation in the cell phone impacts on accidents, particularly for female drivers. Previous studies of cell phone usage and accident risk are thus subject to selection bias. We calculate that previous estimates of the impact of cell phone usage on risk for the population may be overstated by 36%. Finally, we explore the impact of a ban on cell phone use while driving. We cannot reject the hypothesis that a ban would have no effect on the number of accidents. Our estimates of the reduction in accidents from a ban on cell phone use while driving are both lower and less certain than previous studies indicate.