Challenges In Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology And Risk Assessment
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Challenges In Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology And Risk Assessment
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Author : Alexandra Fucic
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2020-12-08
Challenges In Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology And Risk Assessment written by Alexandra Fucic and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-08 with Science categories.
Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology - including interactions with other hormone pathways - has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.
Review Of The Environmental Protection Agency S State Of The Science Evaluation Of Nonmonotonic Dose Response Relationships As They Apply To Endocrine Disruptors
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-05-27
Review Of The Environmental Protection Agency S State Of The Science Evaluation Of Nonmonotonic Dose Response Relationships As They Apply To Endocrine Disruptors written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-27 with Nature categories.
Potential health effects from chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern because of their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biological processes throughout the body and is sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development - the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of this research has identified dose-response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose-response curves (NMDRs) are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that as dose decreases the response also decreases. The existence of NMDRs has been a controversial topic for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for how chemicals are tested and for how risks from such chemicals are assessed. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose-response relationships, so tests are aimed at finding a (high) dose that elicits a response, and dose-response is explored by testing lower doses spaced to identify statistically a no- or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The concern for NMDRs is that such studies, as currently designed, might not detect the inflection of the dose-response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the change in inflection occurs below the range of doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDRs are found for biological effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDRs, changes to risk assessment practices might be necessary. To help address these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft State-of-the-Science Evaluation: Nonmonotonic Dose Responses as they Apply to Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways and EPA Testing and Assessment Procedures. EPA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of this evaluation to ensure that it is scientifically sound and of high quality. Review of Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response as they Apply to Endocrine Disrupters evaluates whether EPA's evaluation presents a scientifically sound and high-quality analysis of the literature on NMDRs. This report reviews how well the EPA evaluation described how the assessment was performed, whether consistent methods and criteria were applied in the analysis of different evidence streams, and whether appropriate methods were applied to evaluating the evidence. The report makes recommendations to improve EPA's process and strengthen the evaluation.
Endocrine Disruption And Human Health
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Author : Philippa D. Darbre
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-09-19
Endocrine Disruption And Human Health written by Philippa D. Darbre and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-19 with Medical categories.
Updated with new and expanded chapters, Endocrine Disruption and Human Health, Second Edition provides an introduction to what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem and the mechanisms of action and assay systems. Contributions by specialists are included to discuss the varying effects of endocrine disruption on human health, and procedures for risk assessment of endocrine disruptors, and current approaches to their regulation are also covered. With new material on topics such as low-term, low dose mixtures, windows of susceptibility, epigenetics, EDCs effect on the gut microbiome, EDCs in from polluted air and oral exposures, green chemistry, and nanotechnology, the new edition of Endocrine Disruption and Human Health is a valuable and informative text for academic and clinical researchers and other health professionals approaching endocrine disruption and its effects on human health for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays through to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations Newly added content on topics like low-term, low dose mixtures, windows of susceptibility to EDCs, EDCs effect on the gut microbiome, green chemistry, and nanotechnology
Endocrine Disruptors In The Environment
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Author : Sushil K. Khetan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-06-23
Endocrine Disruptors In The Environment written by Sushil K. Khetan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.
Research Plan For Endocrine Disruptors
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Author : Gerald T. Ankley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Research Plan For Endocrine Disruptors written by Gerald T. Ankley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Endocrine disrupting chemicals categories.
Road To Regulation Of Endocrine Disruptors And Combination Effects
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Author : Karina Petersen
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2014-05-06
Road To Regulation Of Endocrine Disruptors And Combination Effects written by Karina Petersen and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-06 with categories.
Discussions regarding regulation of endocrine disruptors (EDs) and combination effects are ongoing in Europe. Among the central topics of discussion are establishment of criteria for identification of EDs, whether there is a threshold for endocrine disrupting effects and how EDs should be handled within relevant EU regulations. In addition, a roadmap for further EU work regarding combination effects has been presented, but more detailed discussions are needed regarding scientific issues and regulatory intervention. Possible Member State initiatives to provide input to these EU processes were discussed in a Nordic workshop held in Oslo in November 2013. This report describes the workshop presentations, initiatives and thoughts from each of the Nordic countries, the plenary discussions, and the main workshop outcomes.
Toxicity Assessment Alternatives
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Author : Harry Salem
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-07-02
Toxicity Assessment Alternatives written by Harry Salem and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-02 with Medical categories.
Toxicity Assessment Alternatives: Methods, Issues, Opportunities contains a broad array of critical surveys, contributed by active and respected investigators, describing their research and offering updates on toxicity assessment alternatives, directions determined by current and future grant programs, opportunities for mechanistically based test methods to detect endocrine disruptor activity, the use of alternatives in the Department of Defense hazard assessment initiatives, and the issues and opportunities for validation and regulatory acceptance. Several of these advances make use oftransgenic models that reduce the time and cost of carcinogenicity testing. Others use tissue cultures for the assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes are applicable as models for sulfur mustard lesions, and in vitro protein denaturation is used as a chemical test for assessing the ocular and dermal irritation potential of cosmetic prod ucts. Molecular modeling is applied to explaining chemical toxicity. Commercially developed assay systems have undergone extensive evaluation by their manufacturers. Some of these await external valida tion, and others await acceptance by North American and European regulatory agencies. Toxicity Assessment Alternatives: Methods, Issues, Opportunities provides information from members of the scientific and regulatory communities on what has been achieved and what has been accepted in alternatives to animal testing.
Endocrine Disruptors And Puberty
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Author : Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-01
Endocrine Disruptors And Puberty written by Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-01 with Medical categories.
Endocrine disruption represents one of the most controversial environmental issues of our time. Mounting evidence stemming from more than 10 years of experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies has transformed the once generally discounted subject of endocrine disruptors into an issue of tremendous concern not only within the scientific community but among society as a whole. Following initial evidence from basic research, endocrine disruption in humans has now emerged as a major medical challenge. In this respect, puberty, a crucial developmental stage, has been definitively identified as a key window of vulnerability with regard to endocrine disruptors. Written by leading authorities in the field, Endocrine Disruptors and Puberty offers an engaging and comprehensive overview of this fascinating and rapidly growing problem. An indispensable resource for all clinicians and scientists interested in this challenging endocrinologic topic, Endocrine Disruptors and Puberty is a timely contribution that will help navigate a path toward understanding the problem and developing solutions.
Endocrine Disrupters And Carcinogenic Risk Assessment
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Author : Lech Chyczewski
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2002
Endocrine Disrupters And Carcinogenic Risk Assessment written by Lech Chyczewski and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Medical categories.
This work is devoted to the study of the endocrine-related effects on human health with special reference to carcinogenesis, and to the assessment of carcinogenic risk. After providing basic information at the general, cellular and molecular levels, the contents focus on the paradigm of biologically-based risk assessment, as developed form physiologically-based toxicokinetic models. The analysis of this material is proposed as the novel parameters for developing biologically-based models of carcinogenesis, considered to be more relevant to risk assessment than traditional approaches.
A Practical Guide To Toxicology And Human Health Risk Assessment
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Author : Laura Robinson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-11-20
A Practical Guide To Toxicology And Human Health Risk Assessment written by Laura Robinson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-20 with Science categories.
Toxicology – the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms is the cornerstone to all aspects of chemical safety and knowledge of the subject is needed in a wide spectrum of fields from the chemical industry to medicine, emergency services, forensics, and regulatory science. Toxicology involves the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning ... especially the poisoning of people. The many problems arising from a poor understanding of toxicology and its applications in hazard communication and chemical safety motivated the author's training courses and webinars, leading to this valuable book. Providing a practical and accessible guide, A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment enables readers to quickly build up knowledge and understanding of toxicology and its use in hazard identification, which is a fundamental part of chemical risk assessment. The book also covers current toxicological testing strategies and the use of physicochemical test data in hazard identification and exposure assessment. Examples are provided throughout the book to highlight important issues along with a summary of the key points that have been covered in each of the respective chapters. The book concludes with a listing of online resources on toxicology and risk assessment.