Changes Of Problem Representation
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Changes Of Problem Representation
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Author : Eugene Fink
language : en
Publisher: Physica
Release Date : 2013-03-20
Changes Of Problem Representation written by Eugene Fink and has been published by Physica this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-20 with Computers categories.
The purpose of our research is to enhance the efficiency of AI problem solvers by automating representation changes. We have developed a system that improves the description of input problems and selects an appropriate search algorithm for each given problem. Motivation. Researchers have accumulated much evidence on the impor tance of appropriate representations for the efficiency of AI systems. The same problem may be easy or difficult, depending on the way we describe it and on the search algorithm we use. Previous work on the automatic im provement of problem descriptions has mostly been limited to the design of individual learning algorithms. The user has traditionally been responsible for the choice of algorithms appropriate for a given problem. We present a system that integrates multiple description-changing and problem-solving algorithms. The purpose of the reported work is to formalize the concept of representation and to confirm the following hypothesis: An effective representation-changing system can be built from three parts: • a library of problem-solving algorithms; • a library of algorithms that improve problem descriptions; • a control module that selects algorithms for each given problem.
Change Of Representation And Inductive Bias
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Author : D. Paul Benjamin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Change Of Representation And Inductive Bias written by D. Paul Benjamin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the languages used to describe hypotheses. The effectiveness of learning algorithms is very sensitive to this choice of language; choosing too large a language permits too many possible hypotheses for a program to consider, precluding effective learning, but choosing too small a language can prohibit a program from being able to find acceptable hypotheses. This dependence is not just a pitfall, however; it is also an opportunity. The work of Saul Amarel over the past two decades has demonstrated the effectiveness of representational shift as a problem-solving technique. An increasing number of machine learning researchers are building programs that learn to alter their language to improve their effectiveness. At the Fourth Machine Learning Workshop held in June, 1987, at the University of California at Irvine, it became clear that the both the machine learning community and the number of topics it addresses had grown so large that the representation issue could not be discussed in sufficient depth. A number of attendees were particularly interested in the related topics of constructive induction, problem reformulation, representation selection, and multiple levels of abstraction. Rob Holte, Larry Rendell, and I decided to hold a workshop in 1988 to discuss these topics. To keep this workshop small, we decided that participation be by invitation only.
Changes Of Problem Representation
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Author : Eugene Fink
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Changes Of Problem Representation written by Eugene Fink and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
Learning Problem Solving And Mindtools
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Author : J. Michael Spector
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-04-12
Learning Problem Solving And Mindtools written by J. Michael Spector and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-12 with Education categories.
Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools is inspired by the substantial body of learning research by David H. Jonassen in the areas of mind tools and problem solving. The focus of the volume is on educational technology, especially with regard to how new technologies have facilitated and supported problem solving and critical thinking. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect of learning with technology and elaborates the implications for the design and implementation of learning environments and activities aimed at improving the conceptualization of problems, reasoning and higher-order thinking, and solving challenging problems. This collection of scholarly essays provides a highly engaging treatment of using tools and technologies to improve problem solving; multiple perspectives on integrating educational technology to support learning in complex and challenging problem solving domains; guidance for the design of instruction to support problem solving; a systemic account of the relationships between mental models, instructional models, and assessment models; and a look into the future of educational technology research and practice.
Cognitive Psychology
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Author : Michael W. Eysenck
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-09-11
Cognitive Psychology written by Michael W. Eysenck and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-11 with Psychology categories.
Previous editions have established this best-selling student handbook as THE cognitive psychology textbook of choice, both for its academic rigour and its accessibility. This sixth edition continues this tradition. It has been substantially updated and revised to reflect new developments in the field (especially within cognitive neuroscience). Traditional approaches are combined with the cutting-edge cognitive neuroscience approach to create a comprehensive, coherent and totally up-to-date overview of all the main fields in cognitive psychology. The major topics covered include perception, attention, memory, concepts, language, problem solving, and reasoning, as well as some applied topics such as everyday memory. New to this edition: Presented in full-colour throughout, with numerous colour illustrations including photographs and brain scans Increased emphasis on cognitive neuroscience, to reflect its growing influence on cognitive psychology A NEW chapter on Cognition and Emotion A WHOLE chapter on Consciousness Increased coverage of applied topics such as recovered memories, medical expertise, informal reasoning, and emotion regulation incorporated throughout the textbook More focus on individual differences in areas including long-term memory, expertise, reasoning, emotion and regulation. The textbook is packed full of useful features that will engage students and aid revision, including key terms, which are new to this edition, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. Written by one of the leading textbook authors in psychology, this thorough and user-friendly textbook will continue to be essential reading for all undergraduate students of psychology. Those taking courses in computer science, education, linguistics, physiology, and medicine will also find it an invaluable resource. This edition is accompanied by a rich array of supplementary materials, which will be made available to qualifying adopters completely free of charge. The online multimedia materials include: A PowerPoint lecture course and multiple-choice question test bank A unique Student Learning Program: an interactive revision program incorporating a range of multimedia resources including interactive exercises and demonstrations, and active reference links to journal articles.
Elgar Companion To Herbert Simon
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Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2024-04-12
Elgar Companion To Herbert Simon written by Gerd Gigerenzer and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Honoring the life and work of Herbert Simon, this illuminating Companion provides an in-depth survey of one of the most prolific social scientists of our age. Mirroring the breadth of Simon’s studies, chapters analyze his contributions to artificial intelligence, economics, entrepreneurship, management, psychology and other fields.
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning
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Author : Linden J. Ball
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-14
International Handbook Of Thinking And Reasoning written by Linden J. Ball and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art developments in thinking and reasoning research. Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction, induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise, creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious, intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking, and the importance of probabilistic conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. Authors also examine the importance of neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, and explore the situated nature of thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and science. The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are challenging traditional viewpoints as "new paradigm of the psychology of reasoning" emerges. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a richer and more inclusive understanding of thinking and reasoning, where important new questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn more about both the historical foundations and latest developments in this rapidly growing field.
Neural Correlates Of Thinking
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Author : Eduard Kraft
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-11-14
Neural Correlates Of Thinking written by Eduard Kraft and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-14 with Science categories.
The advances in neuroimaging technologies have led to substantial progress in understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive functions. Thinking and reasoning have only recently been addressed by using neuroimaging techniques. The present book comprehensively explores current approaches and contributions to understanding the neural mechanisms of thinking in a concise and readable manner. It provides an insight into the state of the art and the potentials, but also the limitations of current neuroimaging methods for studying cognitive functions. The book will be a valuable companion for everyone interested in one of the most fascinating topics of cognitive neuroscience.
The Logic Of Adaptive Behavior
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Author : Martijn van Otterlo
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2009
The Logic Of Adaptive Behavior written by Martijn van Otterlo and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
Markov decision processes have become the de facto standard in modeling and solving sequential decision making problems under uncertainty. This book studies lifting Markov decision processes, reinforcement learning and dynamic programming to the first-order (or, relational) setting.
Operational Research And The Social Sciences
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Author : S.A. Cropper
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Operational Research And The Social Sciences written by S.A. Cropper and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
Twenty five years ago, in 1964, The Operational Research Society's first International Conference (held at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge) took as its theme "Operational Research and the Social Sciences". The Conference sessions were organised around topics such as: Organisations and Control; Social Effects of Policies; Conflict Resolution; The Systems Concept; Models, Decisions and Operational Research. An examination of the published proceedings (J.R.Lawrence ed., 1966, Operational Research and the Social Sciences, Tavistock, London) reveals a distinct contrast between the types of contribution made by the representatives of the two academic communities involved. Nevertheless, the Conference served to break down some barriers, largely of ignorance about the objects, methods and findings of each concern. In the ensuing twenty five years, although debate has continued about the relationship between OR and the social sciences, mutual understanding has proved more difficult to achieve than many must have hoped for in 1964.