Color X Ray Imaging And Photon Counting With Temporally Oversampled Cmos Image Sensors
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Color X Ray Imaging And Photon Counting With Temporally Oversampled Cmos Image Sensors
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Author : Donald B. Hondongwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Color X Ray Imaging And Photon Counting With Temporally Oversampled Cmos Image Sensors written by Donald B. Hondongwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
X-ray imaging is an indispensable tool for medical imaging allowing the non-invasive viewing of the internal structure and function of an organism. Unfortunately, the imaging performance is limited by the loss of x-ray energy information that occurs during typical imaging processes. This sometimes necessitates the use of higher x-ray doses during an imaging session which can be damaging to the patient. Shifting to photon-counting detectors offers a means to correct for some of the performance loss that results from this loss of energy information. Basic x-ray photon counting seeks to identify the presence of a single x-ray quanta, but with additional processing circuitry, it is also possible to estimate the x-ray photon energy. By utilizing temporal oversampling, and imaging at over 1000 frames per second (1000 fps), each x-ray quanta absorbed by the detector can be counted. The sensor produces a binary output corresponding to the detected x-ray absorption events. To examine the underlying hypothesis that x-ray photon counting can be implemented with a temporally-oversampled CMOS image sensor, a prototype x-ray quanta image sensor (XQIS) was designed and fabricated using a commercial CMOS image sensor process. An accompanying system level model was also developed. The additional hypothesis that energy (color) information can be preserved during the imaging process with the XQIS is examined using the thresholding circuitry that the prototype sensor was designed with. An additional novel pixel structure incorporating both counting and integrating circuitry has been designed for color imaging and augmented dynamic range.
Photon Counting Image Sensors
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Author : Eric R. Fossum
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-07-06
Photon Counting Image Sensors written by Eric R. Fossum and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-06 with categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Photon-Counting Image Sensors" that was published in Sensors
Essential Principles Of Image Sensors
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Author : Takao Kuroda
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-19
Essential Principles Of Image Sensors written by Takao Kuroda and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Providing a succinct introduction to the systemization, noise sources, and signal processes of image sensor technology, Essential Principles of Image Sensors discusses image information and its four factors: space, light intensity, wavelength, and time. Featuring clarifying and insightful illustrations, this must-have text: Explains how image sensors convert optical image information into image signals Treats space, wavelength, and time as digitized built-in coordinate points in image sensors and systems Details the operational principles, pixel technology, and evolution of CCD, MOS, and CMOS sensors with updated technology Describes sampling theory, presenting unique figures demonstrating the importance of phase Explores causes for the decline of image information quality In a straightforward manner suitable for beginners and experts alike, Essential Principles of Image Sensors covers key topics related to digital imaging including semiconductor physics, component elements necessary for image sensors, silicon as a sensitive material, noises in sensors, and more.
Image Sensors And Signal Processing For Digital Still Cameras
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Author : Junichi Nakamura
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-19
Image Sensors And Signal Processing For Digital Still Cameras written by Junichi Nakamura and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Shrinking pixel sizes along with improvements in image sensors, optics, and electronics have elevated DSCs to levels of performance that match, and have the potential to surpass, that of silver-halide film cameras. Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras captures the current state of DSC image acquisition and signal processing technology and takes an all-inclusive look at the field, from the history of DSCs to future possibilities. The first chapter outlines the evolution of DSCs, their basic structure, and their major application classes. The next few chapters discuss high-quality optics that meet the requirements of better image sensors, the basic functions and performance parameters of image sensors, and detailed discussions of both CCD and CMOS image sensors. The book then discusses how color theory affects the uses of DSCs, presents basic image processing and camera control algorithms and examples of advanced image processing algorithms, explores the architecture and required performance of signal processing engines, and explains how to evaluate image quality for each component described. The book closes with a look at future technologies and the challenges that must be overcome to realize them. With contributions from many active DSC experts, Image Sensors and Image Processing for Digital Still Cameras offers unparalleled real-world coverage and opens wide the door for future innovation.
Medical Imaging Systems
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Author : Andreas Maier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-02
Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-02 with Computers categories.
This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
High Performance Silicon Imaging
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Author : Daniel Durini
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-10-19
High Performance Silicon Imaging written by Daniel Durini and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD Sensors, Second Edition, covers the fundamentals of silicon image sensors, addressing existing performance issues and current and emerging solutions. Silicon imaging is a fast growing area of the semiconductor industry. Its use in cell phone cameras is already well established, with emerging applications including web, security, automotive and digital cinema cameras. The book has been revised to reflect the latest state-of-the art developments in the field, including 3D imaging, advances in achieving lower signal noise, and new applications for consumer markets. The fundamentals section has also been expanded to include a chapter on the characterization and testing of CMOS and CCD sensors that is crucial to the success of new applications. This book is an excellent resource for both academics and engineers working in the optics, photonics, semiconductor and electronics industries. Covers the fundamentals of silicon-based image sensors and technical advances, focusing on performance issues Looks at image sensors in applications, such as mobile phones, scientific imaging, and TV broadcasting, and in automotive, consumer and biomedical applications Addresses the theory behind 3D imaging and 3D sensor development, including challenges and opportunities
Single Photon Imaging
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Author : Peter Seitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-08-03
Single Photon Imaging written by Peter Seitz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-03 with Science categories.
The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist ́s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields.
Particle Physics Reference Library
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Author : Christian W. Fabjan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020
Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Elementary particles (Physics). categories.
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Seeing Photons
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-09-28
Seeing Photons written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Department of Defense recently highlighted intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities as a top priority for U.S. warfighters. Contributions provided by ISR assets in the operational theaters in Iraq and Afghanistan have been widely documented in press reporting. While the United States continues to increase investments in ISR capabilities, other nations not friendly to the United States will continue to seek countermeasures to U.S. capabilities. The Technology Warning Division of the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) Defense Warning Office (DWO) has the critical responsibility, in collaborations with other components of the intelligence community (IC), for providing U.S. policymakers insight into technological developments that may impact future U.S. warfighting capabilities. To this end, the IC requested that the National Research Council (NRC) investigate and report on key visible and infrared detector technologies, with potential military utility, that are likely to be developed in the next 10-15 years. This study is the eighth in a series sponsored by the DWO and executed under the auspices of the NRC TIGER (Technology Insight-Gauge, Evaluate, and Review) Standing Committee.
Low Power Cmos Digital Pixel Imagers For High Speed Uncooled Pbse Ir Applications
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Author : Josep Maria Margarit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-29
Low Power Cmos Digital Pixel Imagers For High Speed Uncooled Pbse Ir Applications written by Josep Maria Margarit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes the development of a new low-cost medium wavelength IR (MWIR) monolithic imager technology for high-speed uncooled industrial applications. It takes the baton on the latest technological advances in the field of vapor phase deposition (VPD) PbSe-based MWIR detection accomplished by the industrial partner NIT S.L., adding fundamental knowledge on the investigation of novel VLSI analog and mixed-signal design techniques at circuit and system levels for the development of the readout integrated device attached to the detector. In order to fulfill the operational requirements of VPD PbSe, this work proposes null inter-pixel crosstalk vision sensor architectures based on a digital-only focal plane array (FPA) of configurable pixel sensors. Each digital pixel sensor (DPS) cell is equipped with fast communication modules, self-biasing, offset cancellation, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and fixed pattern noise (FPN) correction. In-pixel power consumption is minimized by the use of comprehensive MOSFET subthreshold operation.