Computing Before Computers

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Computing Before Computers

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Author : William Aspray
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1990

Computing Before Computers written by William Aspray and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Computers categories.

Between Human And Machine

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Author : David A. Mindell
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2002-10-11

Between Human And Machine written by David A. Mindell and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-11 with Computers categories.

Mindell ponders the orgin of cybernetics beyond Norbert Wiener's 1948 hypothesis. Mindell returns to the time between the World Wars, when four disparate computing research cultures thrived in the United States: the U.S. Navy, the Sperry Gyroscope Company, the Bell Telephone Laboratories, and Vannevar Bush's laboratory at MIT. In each culture, different technical problems, organizational imperatives, and working evironment existed, but they were all researching control, communications, and computing. When President Roosevelt synthesized the four engineering cultures into a representative government committee, they suffused engineering research with good principles and later made it possible for Norbert Wiener's 1948 formulation of cybernetics.

Computer

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Author : Martin Campbell-Kelly
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2013-07-09

Computer written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-09 with Science categories.

Computer: A History of the Information Machine traces the history of the computer and shows how business and government were the first to explore its unlimited, information-processing potential. Old-fashioned entrepreneurship combined with scientific know-how inspired now famous computer engineers to create the technology that became IBM. Wartime needs drove the giant ENIAC, the first fully electronic computer. Later, the PC enabled modes of computing that liberated people from room-sized, mainframe computers. This third edition provides updated analysis on software and computer networking, including new material on the programming profession, social networking, and mobile computing. It expands its focus on the IT industry with fresh discussion on the rise of Google and Facebook as well as how powerful applications are changing the way we work, consume, learn, and socialize. Computer is an insightful look at the pace of technological advancement and the seamless way computers are integrated into the modern world. Through comprehensive history and accessible writing, Computer is perfect for courses on computer history, technology history, and information and society, as well as a range of courses in the fields of computer science, communications, sociology, and management.

When Computers Were Human

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Author : David Alan Grier
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2007-09-16

When Computers Were Human written by David Alan Grier and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-16 with Science categories.

Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term "computer" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, "I wish I'd used my calculus," hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.

The Difference Engine

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Author : Doron Swade
language : en
Publisher: Penguin Group
Release Date : 2002

The Difference Engine written by Doron Swade and has been published by Penguin Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

"Drawing on previously unused archival material, The Difference Engine is a tale of both Babbage's nineteenth-century quest to build a calculating engine and its twentieth-century sequel. For in 1991, Babbage's vision was finally realized, at least in part, by the completion at the Science Museum in London of the first full-sized Babbage engine, finished in time for the 200th anniversary of Babbage's birth. The two quests are mutually illuminating and are recounted here by the then Curator of Computing, Doron Swade - one of the main protagonists of the successful resumption of Babbage's extraordinary work."--BOOK JACKET.

A People S History Of Computing In The United States

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Author : Joy Lisi Rankin
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2018-10-08

A People S History Of Computing In The United States written by Joy Lisi Rankin and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Computers categories.

Silicon Valley gets all the credit for digital creativity, but this account of the pre-PC world, when computing meant more than using mature consumer technology, challenges that triumphalism. The invention of the personal computer liberated users from corporate mainframes and brought computing into homes. But throughout the 1960s and 1970s a diverse group of teachers and students working together on academic computing systems conducted many of the activities we now recognize as personal and social computing. Their networks were centered in New Hampshire, Minnesota, and Illinois, but they connected far-flung users. Joy Rankin draws on detailed records to explore how users exchanged messages, programmed music and poems, fostered communities, and developed computer games like The Oregon Trail. These unsung pioneers helped shape our digital world, just as much as the inventors, garage hobbyists, and eccentric billionaires of Palo Alto. By imagining computing as an interactive commons, the early denizens of the digital realm seeded today’s debate about whether the internet should be a public utility and laid the groundwork for the concept of net neutrality. Rankin offers a radical precedent for a more democratic digital culture, and new models for the next generation of activists, educators, coders, and makers.

The Social Design Of Technical Systems

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Author : Brian Whitworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-04-22

The Social Design Of Technical Systems written by Brian Whitworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-22 with Computers categories.

This books teaches you how to build technologies for communities. Email, Wikipedia, eBay, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are all socio-technical systems: A social system operating on a technical base. Hundreds of millions of people use them every day, but how do they work? More importantly, can we build them better?

Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era

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Author : Aristotle Tympas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-12

Calculation And Computation In The Pre Electronic Era written by Aristotle Tympas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-12 with Computers categories.

Although it is popularly assumed that the history of computing before the second half of the 20th century was unimportant, in fact the Industrial Revolution was made possible and even sustained by a parallel revolution in computing technology. An examination and historiographical assessment of key developments helps to show how the era of modern electronic computing proceeded from a continual computing revolution that had arisen during the mechanical and the electrical ages. This unique volume introduces the history of computing during the “first” (steam) and “second” (electricity) segments of the Industrial Revolution, revealing how this history was pivotal to the emergence of electronic computing and what many historians see as signifying a shift to a post-industrial society. It delves into critical developments before the electronic era, focusing on those of the mechanical era (from the emergence of the steam engine to that of the electric power network) and the electrical era (from the emergence of the electric power network to that of electronic computing). In so doing, it provides due attention to the demarcations between—and associated classifications of—artifacts for calculation during these respective eras. In turn, it emphasizes the history of comparisons between these artifacts. Topics and Features: motivates exposition through a firm historiographical argument of important developments explores the history of the slide rule and its use in the context of electrification examines the roles of analyzers, graphs, and a whole range of computing artifacts hitherto placed under the allegedly inferior class of analog computers shows how the analog and the digital are really inseparable, with perceptions thereof depending on either a full or a restricted view of the computing process investigates socially situated comparisons of computing history, including the effects of a political economy of computing (one that takes into account cost and ownership of computing artifacts) assesses concealment of analog-machine labor through encasement (“black-boxing”) Historians of computing, as well as those of technology and science (especially, energy), will find this well-argued and presented history of calculation and computation in the mechanical and electrical eras an indispensable resource. The work is a natural textbook companion for history of computing courses, and will also appeal to the broader readership of curious computer scientists and engineers, as well as those who generally just have a yearn to learn the contextual background to the current digital age. "In this fascinating, original work, Tympas indispensably intertwines the histories of analog and digital computing, showing them to be inseparable from the evolution of social and economic conditions. " Prof. David Mindell, MIT

Second Bibliographic Guide To The History Of Computing Computers And The Information Processing Industry

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Author : James W. Cortada
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1996-01-30

Second Bibliographic Guide To The History Of Computing Computers And The Information Processing Industry written by James W. Cortada and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-30 with Science categories.

Complementing the author's 1990 bibliography, A Bibliographic Guide to the History of Computing, Computers, and the Information Processing Industry, this bibliography provides 2,500 new citations, covering all significant literature published since the late 1980s. It includes all aspects of the subject—biographies, company histories, industry studies, product descriptions, sociological studies, industry directories, and traditional monographic histories—and covers all periods from the beginnings to the personal computer. New to this volume is a chapter on the management of information processing operations, useful to both historians and managers of information technology. Together with the earlier bibliography, this work provides the most comprehensive bibliographic guide to the history of computers, computing, and the information processing industry. The organization of the book follows that of the earlier work, with the addition of the new chapter on the management of information processing. All entries are new to this volume. Titles are annotated, and each chapter begins with a short introduction. A full table of contents and author and subject indexes enhance accessibility to the material.