Correlates Of Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Correlates Of Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : 陳安如
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Correlates Of Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders written by 陳安如 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Phenomenology Of Restricted Repetitive Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Laura Elizabeth Novak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Phenomenology Of Restricted Repetitive Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Laura Elizabeth Novak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Autism spectrum disorders in children categories.
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) placed a new emphasis on the clinical presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). There is little research exploring the relationship between RRB and other patient characteristics in large well-characterized samples. This study used a comprehensive measure of RRB to determine how RRB relate to key demographic and clinical features such as gender, age, IQ, adaptive behavior, and problem behaviors. In addition, it examined the relationship between different RRB measures, and how these RRB measures relate to the severity of social communication (SC) symptoms. Data from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) were used to address these research aims. Correlations, ANCOVA, and logistical regressions were conducted using a sample of 2,759 children with ASD. Analyses revealed varying relationships between RRB and gender, IQ, and problem behaviors. Males were more likely to obtain higher scores on subscales measuring stereotypy and restricted interests. Across full-scale, nonverbal, and verbal IQ, individuals with lower IQ scores were more likely to be reported to have higher rates of all RRBS with the exception of ritualistic/sameness behaviors. Most problem behavior subscales were significantly related to all RRB measures except for the ADOS RRB scores. Results from the regression analyses suggest that overall RRB symptom measures differ in their ability to predict SC criteria. Implications for the current literature, understanding and diagnosis of ASD are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
Repetitive And Restricted Behaviors And Interests In Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Eynat Gal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-04-05
Repetitive And Restricted Behaviors And Interests In Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Eynat Gal and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-05 with Psychology categories.
This volume examines repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests (RRBIs) affecting individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The various aspects of RRBIs, an umbrella term for a broad class of behaviors linked by repetition, rigidity, invariance, and inappropriateness to place and context are reviewed by an international team of expert leaders in the field. Key topics of coverage include: Neurological Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive: Animal and human models Underlying mechanisms of RRBs across typical and atypical development The relationship between RRBI and other characteristics of ASD (communication, social, sensory aspects) RRBIs and adults with ASD Diagnosing RRBIs An RRBI intervention model The book bridges the gap between the neurobiological and neurocognitive bodies of knowledge in relation to RRBIs and their behavioral aspects and examines associations with other domains of ASD. In addition, the volume addresses related assessment and treatment of RRBI in ASD. This is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, clinicians and related therapists and professionals in developmental psychology, behavioral therapy/rehabilitation, social work, clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatrics, occupational therapy and special education.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Amy M. Wetherby
language : en
Publisher: Brookes Publishing Company
Release Date : 2000
Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Amy M. Wetherby and has been published by Brookes Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Education categories.
A reference guide to autism spectrum disorders that provides an in-depth overview of the communication, language, social, and behavioral issues of autism spectrum disorders.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Andreas M. Grabrucker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Andreas M. Grabrucker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders develop differently. These differences are usually present in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, and become visible through a wide variety of behavioral responses that differ from individuals without autism spectrum disorders. Despite significant research efforts, the exact causes of autism spectrum disorders remain poorly understood; however, researchers have gained extensive insights into possible pathomechanisms, even at the molecular level of cells. Many diagnostic criteria have been developed, adapted, and improved. The eight chapters in this book highlight the current state-of-the-art in many areas of autism spectrum disorders. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders and the current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Chapter 2 summarizes the diagnostic criteria and procedures and highlights present and upcoming therapeutic strategies. Chapter 3 reviews the adverse events and trauma in people with autism spectrum disorders. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on atypical sensory processing, and Chapter 6 discusses the genetic overlap of autism spectrum disorders with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and schizophrenia. Chapter 7 focuses on the contribution of abnormalities in mitochondria, and chapter 8 discusses gut-brain interactions and a potential role for microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. This book is aimed primarily at clinicians and scientists, but many areas will also be of interest to the layperson.
Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : Samantha Benedicto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Restricted And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Samantha Benedicto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Neural Correlates Of Repetitive Behavior In Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Neural Correlates Of Repetitive Behavior In Autism Spectrum Disorder written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with repetitive behavior (RB), which may impair daily functioning at a lower-order sensorimotor level (e.g. rocking back and forth) and a higher-order cognitive level (e.g. adherence to a routine). Evidence for brain abnormalities involved in RB is shown in volumetric studies indicating basal ganglia enlargement and functional studies indicating altered corticostriatal circuitry. Connectivity differences in the default mode network (DMN), involved in self-referential, baseline `resting-state,' and the salience network (SN), involved in inhibitory functioning and directing attentional resources, may also have a role in RB symptoms. To investigate patterns of connectivity underlying RB in ASD, the current study examined two regions of interest (ROIs) in the striatum (dorsal caudate nucleus, dorsal caudal putamen), two in the SN (anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex), and two in the DMN (ventral medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex). Archival resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and repetitive behavior scores were obtained for overall 66 participants (35 ASD, 31 typically developing [TD]). Imaging data were motion-corrected and preprocessed using spatial smoothing, band-pass filtering and removal of nuisance regressors, including 6 rigid-body motion parameters and their derivatives, white matter and ventricular signals and their derivatives, and physiological time series. Average blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series were extracted for each region of interest in each participant and correlated with all other voxels in the brain in a whole-brain analysis. The resulting Pearson's correlation values were standardized using Fisher's r-to-z transformation. One- and two-sample t-tests were then used to examine functional connectivity within and between groups. Results showed similar patterns of within-group functional connectivity; however, in between-group comparisons, mixed findings emerged with the ASD group showing mixed patterns of both over- and underconnectivity for each seed, except for the SN and dorsal caudate nucleus, for which only underconnectivity was detected. Clusters showing significant group differences in connectivity (mean z' converted from BOLD signal correlations) were then correlated with cumulative total RB scores, using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised along with separate cognitive and motor RB subscales, and several areas in which underconnectivity was associated with higher RB scores were found. Finally, network connectivity was assessed by calculating the correlation between time series for each ROI pair in each participant, separately for each group. Only the putamen and caudate nucleus ROI pair emerged as significant, with overconnectivity in the ASD group. Analyses conducted within the ASD group showed increased connectivity of the putamen, primarily with the DMN, correlating with fewer RB symptoms. Furthermore, increased connectivity between the SN and DMN was associated with decreased symptom severity on the cognitive subscore of the Social Responsiveness Scale, a measure highly correlated with the RBS-R. Overall, results suggest that functional connectivity of the DMN, putamen, and - to a lesser extent - the salience network are associated with symptom severity and repetitive behaviors in ASD. Patterns of connectivity were largely decreased within networks and increased between networks, emphasizing the need for further examination of the segregation and interaction of separate functional networks in relation to characteristics of ASD.
Autism The Movement Perspective
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Author : Elizabeth B Torres
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-19
Autism The Movement Perspective written by Elizabeth B Torres and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-19 with Autism categories.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is portrayed as cognitive and social disorders. Undoubtedly, impairments in communication and restricted-repetitive behaviors that now define the disorders have a profound impact on social interactions. But can we go beyond the descriptive, observational nature of this definition and objectively measure that amalgamate of motions and sensations that we call behavior? In this Research Topic we bring movement and its sensation to the forefront of autism research, diagnosis, and treatment. We gather researchers across disciplines with the unifying goal of recognizing movement and sensory disturbances as core symptoms of the disorder. We also hear confirmation from the perspective of autism self-advocates and parents. Those important sources of evidence along with the research presented in this topic demonstrate without a doubt that profound movement and sensory differences do exist in ASD and that they are quantifiable. The work presented in this Research Topic shows us that quantifiable differences in movements have a better chance than current observational techniques to help us uncover subtle solutions that the nervous system with autism has already spontaneously self-discovered and utilized in daily living. Where the naked eye would miss the unique subtleties that help each individual cope, instrumentation and fine kinematic analyses of motions help us uncover inherent capacities and predispositions of the person with autism. The work presented in this topic helps us better articulate through the voices of parents and self-advocates those sensory motor differences that current inventories could not possibly uncover. These differences are seldom perceived as they take place at timescales and frequencies that fall largely beneath our conscious awareness. To the person in the spectrum living with this disorder and to the caregiver creating accommodations to help the affected loved one, these subtleties are very familiar though. Indeed they are often used in clever ways to facilitate daily routines. We have waited much too long in science to listen to the very people that we are trying to define, understand and help. Being autism a social problem by definition, it is remarkable that not a single diagnosis inventory measures the dyadic social interaction that takes place between the examiner and the examinees. Indeed we have conceived the autistic person within a social context where we are incapable –by definition– of accepting those differences. The burden is rather placed on the affected person to whom much too often we refer to in the third person as “non-verbal, without intentionality, without empathy or emotions, without a theory of mind”, among other purely psychological guesses. It is then too easy and shockingly allowed to “reshape” that person, to mold that person to better conform to our social expectations and to extinguish “behaviors” that are socially unacceptable, even through the use of aversive punishing reinforcement techniques if need be. And yet none of those techniques have had a single shred of objective scientific evidence of their effectiveness. We have not objectively measured once, nor have we physiologically characterized once any of those perceived features that we so often use to observationally define what we may think the autistic phenotype may be. We have not properly quantified, beyond paper-and-pencil methods, the effectiveness of interventions in autism. Let us not forget when we do our science, that we are all part of the broad human spectrum.
Developing Talents
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Author : Temple Grandin
language : en
Publisher: AAPC Publishing
Release Date : 2008
Developing Talents written by Temple Grandin and has been published by AAPC Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This updated and expanded edition considers the continuing dismal employment statistics for individuals with ASD. The authors take an in-depth look at entrepreneurship. Using real-life examples, they point out that many of the unique characteristics of individuals on the autism spectrum lend themselves well to entrepreneurial ventures. The book explores many unnoticed aspects of Vocational Rehabilitation programs that provide job training and placement for people with disabilities, as well as Social Security Administration programs that offer vocational assistance. Employment figures and prospects have been updated, and new jobs have been added that are well suited for those on the spectrum.
Clinical Guide To Early Interventions For Children With Autism
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Author : Giacomo Vivanti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-17
Clinical Guide To Early Interventions For Children With Autism written by Giacomo Vivanti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-17 with Psychology categories.
This book examines early interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with the goal to enable primary care physicians as well as other clinicians, therapists, and practitioners to assist parents in making informed decisions based on current research. It provides a map for successfully navigating the maze of early interventions for ASD, focusing on evidence. Chapters review the similarities and differences between current evidence-based treatments, how these treatments work, the factors that facilitate their effectiveness, and the pros and cons of their use for different children and different needs. In addition, chapters discuss the services, laws, policies, and societal issues related to early intervention in ASD. Featured topics include: Criteria to evaluate evidence in ASD interventions. Effective approaches for Social communication difficulties in ASD. Effective approaches for Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in ASD. Naturalistic, developmental approaches to early intervention for children with ASD The TEACCH approach and other visually based approaches for children with ASD. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) approaches to early intervention for children with ASD. What works for whom in ASD early intervention Clinical Guide to Early Interventions for Children with Autism is an essential resource for clinicians, primary care providers, and other practitioners as well as researchers, professors, and graduate students in the fields of child, school, and developmental psychology, pediatrics, social work, child and adolescent psychiatry, primary care medicine, and related disciplines.