Diffraction From Materials
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Diffraction From Materials
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Author : Lyle H. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Diffraction From Materials written by Lyle H. Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The atomic arrangements in condensed matter play an ever increasing role in many areas of science and technology - Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Biology and Electrical, Civil, Mechanidtl and Chemical Engineering. Exciting discoveries in these fields in this century often stemmed from studies of these arrangements using diffraction: the structure and functions of DNA and other biological molecules, the configuration of polymer chains, the crystalline nature of metals and their imperfections, semiconductors and insulators, and -the links between their structures, their defects and material properties, and the interaction between materials and the environment. The broad, interdisciplinary character of diffraction studies makes them particularly exciting. With new tools such as the high-resolution electron microscope, new detectors, new techniques (such as EXAFS and glancing angle diffraction) and the new sources, the horizons of this field greatly expanded in the 1950's and 60's. Pulsed neutron sources and high intensity storage rings that came on the scene in the late 70's have opened up possibilities for new study to such vast horizons that it is hard to sit here writing this - there's so much to be done! Within the walls bounding each field of science or engineering, diffraction and structure is only one specialty. It is too easy for this topic to be developed in such a narrow way that sight is lost of the basic principles and broad possibilities.
X Ray Diffraction For Materials Research
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Author : Myeongkyu Lee
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-16
X Ray Diffraction For Materials Research written by Myeongkyu Lee and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Science categories.
X-ray diffraction is a useful and powerful analysis technique for characterizing crystalline materials commonly employed in MSE, physics, and chemistry. This informative new book describes the principles of X-ray diffraction and its applications to materials characterization. It consists of three parts. The first deals with elementary crystallography and optics, which is essential for understanding the theory of X-ray diffraction discussed in the second section of the book. Part 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction can be applied for characterizing such various forms of materials as thin films, single crystals, and powders. The third section of the book covers applications of X-ray diffraction. The book presents a number of examples to help readers better comprehend the subject. X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications also • provides background knowledge of diffraction to enable nonspecialists to become familiar with the topics • covers the practical applications as well as the underlying principle of X-ray diffraction • presents appropriate examples with answers to help readers understand the contents more easily • includes thin film characterization by X-ray diffraction with relevant experimental techniques • presents a huge number of elaborately drawn graphics to help illustrate the content The book will help readers (students and researchers in materials science, physics, and chemistry) understand crystallography and crystal structures, interference and diffraction, structural analysis of bulk materials, characterization of thin films, and nondestructive measurement of internal stress and phase transition. Diffraction is an optical phenomenon and thus can be better understood when it is explained with an optical approach, which has been neglected in other books. This book helps to fill that gap, providing information to convey the concept of X-ray diffraction and how it can be applied to the materials analysis. This book will be a valuable reference book for researchers in the field and will work well as a good introductory book of X-ray diffraction for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction In Materials Science
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Author : Adam J. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Electron Backscatter Diffraction In Materials Science written by Adam J. Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Crystallographic texture or preferred orientation has long been known to strongly influence material properties. Historically, the means of obtaining such texture data has been though the use of x-ray or neutron diffraction for bulk texture measurements, or transmission electron microscopy or electron channeling for local crystallographic information. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of a new characterization technique for probing the microtexture of materials. This advance has come about primarily through the automated indexing of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. The first commercially available system was introduced in 1994, and since then of sales worldwide has been dramatic. This has accompanied widening the growth applicability in materials scienceproblems such as microtexture, phase identification, grain boundary character distribution, deformation microstructures, etc. and is evidence that this technique can, in some cases, replace more time-consuming transmission electron microscope (TEM) or x-ray diffraction investigations. The benefits lie in the fact that the spatial resolution on new field emission scanning electron microscopes (SEM) can approach 50 nm, but spatial extent can be as large a centimeter or greater with a computer controlled stage and montagingofthe images. Additional benefits include the relative ease and low costofattaching EBSD hardware to new or existing SEMs. Electron backscatter diffraction is also known as backscatter Kikuchi diffraction (BKD), or electron backscatter pattern technique (EBSP). Commercial names for the automation include Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIMTM) and Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping (ACOM).
Diffraction Analysis Of The Microstructure Of Materials
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Author : Eric J. Mittemeijer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-21
Diffraction Analysis Of The Microstructure Of Materials written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-21 with Science categories.
Overview of diffraction methods applied to the analysis of the microstructure of materials. Since crystallite size and the presence of lattice defects have a decisive influence on the properties of many engineering materials, information about this microstructure is of vital importance in developing and assessing materials for practical applications. The most powerful and usually non-destructive evaluation techniques available are X-ray and neutron diffraction. The book details, among other things, diffraction-line broadening methods for determining crystallite size and atomic-scale strain due, e.g. to dislocations, and methods for the analysis of residual (macroscale) stress. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and supplies readers sufficient information to apply the methods themselves.
Diffraction Methods In Materials Science
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Author : Jindřich Hašek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Diffraction Methods In Materials Science written by Jindřich Hašek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
Diffraction For Materials Scientists
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Author : Jerold M. Schultz
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 1982
Diffraction For Materials Scientists written by Jerold M. Schultz and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fundamentals Of Powder Diffraction And Structural Characterization Of Materials Second Edition
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Author : Vitalij Pecharsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-11-24
Fundamentals Of Powder Diffraction And Structural Characterization Of Materials Second Edition written by Vitalij Pecharsky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-24 with Science categories.
A little over ?ve years have passed since the ?rst edition of this book appeared in print. Seems like an instant but also eternity, especially considering numerous developments in the hardware and software that have made it from the laboratory test beds into the real world of powder diffraction. This prompted a revision, which had to be beyond cosmetic limits. The book was, and remains focused on standard laboratory powder diffractometry. It is still meant to be used as a text for teaching students about the capabilities and limitations of the powder diffraction method. We also hope that it goes beyond a simple text, and therefore, is useful as a reference to practitioners of the technique. The original book had seven long chapters that may have made its use as a text - convenient. So the second edition is broken down into 25 shorter chapters. The ?rst ?fteen are concerned with the fundamentals of powder diffraction, which makes it much more logical, considering a typical 16-week long semester. The last ten ch- ters are concerned with practical examples of structure solution and re?nement, which were preserved from the ?rst edition and expanded by another example – R solving the crystal structure of Tylenol .
Diffraction Methods In Materials Science
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Author : Jerome Bernard Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Diffraction Methods In Materials Science written by Jerome Bernard Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Science categories.
Introduction To Diffraction In Materials Science And Engineering
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Author : Aaron D. Krawitz
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Release Date : 2001-04-19
Introduction To Diffraction In Materials Science And Engineering written by Aaron D. Krawitz and has been published by Wiley-Interscience this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-04-19 with Science categories.
Fundamentals and practical applications of diffraction for researchers, engineers, and students Materials science relies heavily on diffraction for the analysis of materials. Introduction to Diffraction in Materials Science and Engineering is a survey of the practical aspects of this valuable tool. Though it contains basic discussion of the theory and physics of diffraction, this book emphasizes understanding and the practical application of diffraction in materials science-making it a valuable text and resource for students, professionals, and researchers. Designed as a teaching and self-study text, this resource begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of crystallography and crystal structure and its importance in diffraction before moving on to cover important aspects of diffraction applications. Numerous examples and problems at the end of each chapter, including critical thinking questions, make this an excellent tool for learning and understanding. The book includes treatments of: * Basics of crystallography * Geometrical representation of crystals and reciprocal space * X-rays and neutrons * Structure factors and intensity * Powder diffraction * Qualitative (Powder Diffraction File) and quantitative phase analysis * Use of the International Tables for more complex structures and the Reitveld method * Residual stress * Introductions to texture, small diffracting units, and long-range order Aaron Krawitz provides both a practical introduction to diffraction that suits the needs of students and a resource for professionals already at work in materials science or engineering who want to utilize the power of diffraction in the study of materials.
Applications Of Synchrotron Light To Scattering And Diffraction In Materials And Life Sciences
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Author : T.A. Ezquerra
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-06-12
Applications Of Synchrotron Light To Scattering And Diffraction In Materials And Life Sciences written by T.A. Ezquerra and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as non-crystalline materials those which are neither single-crystals nor poly-crystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, non-crystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc- nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p- mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some non-crystalline materials is that they may self-organize. This is of particular importance for Soft-matter materials. Self-organization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. X-ray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynon-crystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as non-crystalline diffraction.