Divergence With Genetic Exchange
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Divergence With Genetic Exchange
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Author : Michael Lynn Arnold
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Divergence With Genetic Exchange written by Michael Lynn Arnold and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
This book is an investigation into processes associated with evolutionary divergence and diversification, focussing on the role played by the exchange of genes between divergent lineages.
Evolution Through Genetic Exchange
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Author : Michael L Arnold
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-07-27
Evolution Through Genetic Exchange written by Michael L Arnold and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-27 with Science categories.
More and more data indicate that evolution has resulted in lineages consisting of mosaics of genes derived from different ancestors. It is therefore becoming increasingly clear that the tree is an inadequate metaphor of evolutionary change. In this book, Arnold promotes the 'web-of-life' metaphor as a more appropriate representation of evolutionary change in all lifeforms.
Evaluating Gene Flow Gene Expression Divergence And Hybrid Expression In Drosophila Sister Species
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Author : Danielle Kay Herrig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Evaluating Gene Flow Gene Expression Divergence And Hybrid Expression In Drosophila Sister Species written by Danielle Kay Herrig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Drosophila categories.
A primary goal of evolutionary biology is to elucidate the factors necessary for a single interbreeding species to become two independent species. Observations and data collected and recorded since the 6th century B.C. have added to our comprehension of the "the origin of species--that mystery of mysteries" (DARWIN 1859). To continue to add to our knowledge of how speciation occurs and how species interact, it is crucial to determine 1) how different categories of genes evolve as species diverge, 2) what happens to hybrids of two species, and 3) if genetic exchange is allowed between species, where it is located. In the first research aim of my dissertation, I look for population genetic trends and signatures of gene flow in a minimally studied set of Drosophila sister species using sequences of 26 nuclear and mitochondrial regions in 29 isofemale lines of D. subobscura and D. madierensis. Standard population genetic tests revealed that the X chromosome evolves faster than the autosomes in these species. We also find evidence of genetic exchange for some autosomal genes while both the sex chromosomes and mitochondrial genomes remain distinct between species. In the second research aim of my dissertation, I assess the rates of gene expression evolution for sex-biased genes located on the X chromosome and autosomes. We find that gene expression evolves faster in males than females and find evidence of faster-X evolution that is exclusive to genes expressed at higher levels in males. The X chromosome has previously been shown to have a disproportionately large influence on hybrid male sterility compared to autosomes. I investigate this trend and find that the sex chromosomes have a large influence on autosomal expression levels in hybrid males and hybrid females. Specifically, uniparental inheritance of the X chromosome results in greater differences between reciprocal hybrids and higher levels of hybrid misexpression.
Reticulate Evolution
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Author : Nathalie Gontier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-09
Reticulate Evolution written by Nathalie Gontier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-09 with Science categories.
Written for non-experts, this volume introduces the mechanisms that underlie reticulate evolution. Chapters are either accompanied with glossaries that explain new terminology or timelines that position pioneering scholars and their major discoveries in their historical contexts. The contributing authors outline the history and original context of discovery of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infectious heredity. By applying key insights from the areas of molecular (phylo)genetics, microbiology, virology, ecology, systematics, immunology, epidemiology and computational science, they demonstrate how reticulate evolution impacts successful survival, fitness and speciation. Reticulate evolution brings forth a challenge to the standard Neo-Darwinian framework, which defines life as the outcome of bifurcation and ramification patterns brought forth by the vertical mechanism of natural selection. Reticulate evolution puts forward a pattern in the tree of life that is characterized by horizontal mergings and lineage crossings induced by symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow and infective heredity, making the “tree of life” look more like a “web of life.” On an epistemological level, the various means by which hereditary material can be transferred horizontally challenges our classic notions of units and levels of evolution, fitness, modes of transmission, linearity, communities and biological individuality. The case studies presented examine topics including the origin of the eukaryotic cell and its organelles through symbiogenesis; the origin of algae through primary and secondary symbiosis and dinoflagellates through tertiary symbiosis; the superorganism and holobiont as units of evolution; how endosymbiosis induces speciation in multicellular life forms; transferrable and non-transferrable plasmids and how they symbiotically interact with their host; the means by which pro- and eukaryotic organisms transfer genes laterally (bacterial transformation, transduction and conjugation as well as transposons and other mobile genetic elements); hybridization and divergence with gene flow in sexually-reproducing individuals; current (human) microbiome and viriome studies that impact our knowledge concerning the evolution of organismal health and acquired immunity; and how symbiosis and symbiogenesis can be modelled in computational evolution.
Divergence With Genetic Exchange
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Author : Michael Lynn Arnold
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Divergence With Genetic Exchange written by Michael Lynn Arnold and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
This book is an investigation into processes associated with evolutionary divergence and diversification, focussing on the role played by the exchange of genes between divergent lineages.
Hybridization Between Two Species Of Garter Snakes
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Author : Hobart M. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2020-03-16
Hybridization Between Two Species Of Garter Snakes written by Hobart M. Smith and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-16 with Fiction categories.
"Hybridization Between Two Species of Garter Snakes" by Hobart M. Smith. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
The Evolution Of Reproductive Isolation
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Author : Marjan Akopyan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Evolution Of Reproductive Isolation written by Marjan Akopyan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The processes that generate variation in nature have captured the attention of evolutionary biologists since the time of Darwin. Many studies examine the evolution of diversification in closely related or hybridizing species to understand the process by which new species evolve. However, more closely related divergent populations can provide a unique insight into how diversity evolves in nature. The Neotropical red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas) exhibits substantial geographic variation on a relatively small spatial scale within Costa Rica and Panama, including differences in color pattern, body size, and skin peptide composition. Genetic analyses indicate ongoing gene flow among phenotypically differentiated populations, providing the opportunity to describe the patterns and processes that are integral to lineage divergence before isolation becomes complete. First, we tested the extent of behavioral premating isolation among differentiated populations by quantifying differences in male and female courtship signals. Our results show that both male advertisement calls and female behavior vary among populations, and that divergence in male signals is coupled with female preference for the local male phenotype. The interplay between male courtship and female responses may facilitate the evolution of local variants in courtship style, thus accelerating premating isolation via assortative mating. Second, we conducted a study of genomic and phenotypic variation across red-eyed treefrog populations, including a central contact zone. Our results indicate the creation of a distinct hybrid population at the contact zone. Association between geographic and genetic distance coupled with disassociation of genetic and phenotypic divergence indicate strong localized selection with high levels of genetic exchange. This study is one of few to characterize genome- wide divergence in a highly admixed intraspecific lineage, allowing us to describe the genomic architecture of diversification and infer whether evolutionary processes are driving and/or constraining divergence. We contribute to a growing body of knowledge on divergence with genetic exchange: gene flow is a dynamic evolutionary process that can simultaneously act as a creative, diversifying, and homogenizing force.
In The Light Of Evolution
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Author : National Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
In The Light Of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Science categories.
The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
The Pangenome
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Author : Hervé Tettelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-30
The Pangenome written by Hervé Tettelin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with Science categories.
This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
Natural Hybridization And Evolution
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Author : Michael L. Arnold
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1997-01-30
Natural Hybridization And Evolution written by Michael L. Arnold and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-30 with Science categories.
Michael L. Arnold offers an exploration of the evolutionary process of natural hybridisation, and presents data from various sources that support the paradigm of natural hybridisation as an important evolutionary process.