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Do Imf Supported Programs Help Make Fiscal Adjustment More Durable


Do Imf Supported Programs Help Make Fiscal Adjustment More Durable
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Do Imf Supported Programs Help Make Fiscal Adjustment More Durable


Do Imf Supported Programs Help Make Fiscal Adjustment More Durable
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Author : Soojin Moon
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-02-01

Do Imf Supported Programs Help Make Fiscal Adjustment More Durable written by Soojin Moon and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.


This paper investigates fiscal developments in 112 countries during the 1990s. It finds that, while the overall fiscal balance improved in most of them, the composition of this improvement differed. In nonprogram countries, revenues increased modestly and expenditure declined sharply, while in program countries both revenue and expenditure declined. However, in countries with programs that included structural conditions the adjustment was effected primarily through sharp expenditure compression. We did not find evidence of a statistically significant impact of IMF conditionality. Morever, fiscal improvements are strongly influenced by cyclical factors



Fiscal Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs


Fiscal Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-11-17

Fiscal Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs written by International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-17 with Business & Economics categories.


Using a cross-country sample of 169 IMF-supported programs and detailed studies of 15 programs, this evaluation report examines various aspects of fiscal adjustment in IMF-supported programs. It presents evidence that does not support some critics’ view that IMF-supported programs typically adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to fiscal adjustment, nor the perception that programs always involve austerity by targeting reductions in public spending. The report also proposes a number of recommendations for IMF surveillance and program design in the future.



Does Conditionality In Imf Supported Programs Promote Revenue Reform


Does Conditionality In Imf Supported Programs Promote Revenue Reform
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Author : Ernesto Crivelli
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-11-19

Does Conditionality In Imf Supported Programs Promote Revenue Reform written by Ernesto Crivelli and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-19 with Business & Economics categories.


This paper studies whether revenue conditionality in Fund-supported programs had any impact on the revenue performance of 126 low- and middle-income countries during 1993-2013. The results indicate that such conditionality had a positive impact on tax revenue, with strongest improvement felt on taxes on goods and services, including the VAT. Revenue conditionality matters more for low-income countries, particularly those where revenue ratios are below the group average. Moreover, revenue conditionality appears to be more effective when targeted to a specific tax. These results hold after controlling for potential endogeneity, sample selection bias, and when revenues are adjusted for economic cycle.



The Impact Of Imf Supported Programs On Fdi In Low Income Countries


The Impact Of Imf Supported Programs On Fdi In Low Income Countries
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Author : Mr.Ali J Al-Sadiq
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-07-16

The Impact Of Imf Supported Programs On Fdi In Low Income Countries written by Mr.Ali J Al-Sadiq and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-16 with Business & Economics categories.


It is common for IMF-supported adjustment programs with low-income member countries (LICs) to project that they will facilitate FDI inflows. The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine this hypothesis. Using an unbalanced panel dataset for 73 low-income countries over the period 1980–2012, and two different econometric methods that address the selection-bias problem, the empirical results robustly show that participating in IMF-supported program is associated with a significant increase in FDI inflows.



Fiscal Policy And Long Term Growth


Fiscal Policy And Long Term Growth
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-04-20

Fiscal Policy And Long Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-20 with Business & Economics categories.


This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.



Imf Supported Programs


Imf Supported Programs
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Author : Mr.Ashoka Mody
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2006-04-03

Imf Supported Programs written by Mr.Ashoka Mody and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-03 with Business & Economics categories.


Research work by the IMF’s staff on the effectiveness of the country programs the organization supports, which has long been carried out, has intensified in recent years. IMF analysts have sought to “open up the black box” by more closely examining program design and implementation, as well as how these influence programs’ effectiveness. Their efforts have also focused on identifying the lending, signaling, and monitoring features of the IMF that may affect member countries’ economic performance. This book reports on a large portion of both the new and the continuing research. It concludes that IMF programs work best where domestic politics and institutions permit the timely implementation of the necessary measures and when a country is vulnerable to, but not yet in, a crisis. It points to the need for a wider recognition of the substantial diversity among IMF member countries and for programs to be tailored accordingly while broadly maintaining the IMF’s general principle of uniformity of treatment.



Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs


Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-09

Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs written by International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-09 with Business & Economics categories.


This evaluation assesses how well IMF-supported programs helped to sustain economic growth while delivering adjustment needed for external viability over the period 2008–19. The evaluation finds that the Fund’s increasing attention to growth in the programs has delivered some positive results. Specifically, it does not find evidence of a consistent bias towards excessive austerity in IMF-supported programs. Indeed, programs have yielded growth benefits relative to a counterfactual of no Fund engagement and boosted post-program growth performance. Notwithstanding these positive findings, program growth outcomes consistently fell short of program projections. Such shortfalls imply less protection of incomes than intended, fuel adjustment fatigue and public opposition to reforms, and jeopardize progress towards external viability. The evaluation examines how different policy instruments were applied to support better growth outcomes while achieving needed adjustment. Fiscal policies typically incorporated growth-friendly measures but with mixed success. Despite some success in promoting reforms and growth, structural conditionalities were of relatively low depth and their potential growth benefits were not fully realized. Use of the exchange rate as a policy tool to support growth and external adjustment during programs was quite limited. Lastly, market debt operations were useful in some cases to restore debt sustainability and renew market access, yet sometimes were too little and too late to deliver the intended benefits. The evaluation concludes that the IMF should seek to further enhance program countries’ capacity to sustain activity while undertaking needed adjustment during the program and to enhance growth prospects beyond the program. Following this conclusion, the report sets out three recommendations aimed at strengthening attention to growth implications of IMF-supported programs, including the social and distributional consequences.



Priorities For Further Fiscal Reforms In The Commonwealth Of Independent States


Priorities For Further Fiscal Reforms In The Commonwealth Of Independent States
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Author : Mr.Henri Lorie
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-10-01

Priorities For Further Fiscal Reforms In The Commonwealth Of Independent States written by Mr.Henri Lorie and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.


Building on the substantial progress made in establishing fiscal systems consistent with market economies, the paper identifies priorities for further fiscal structural reforms among the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Activities of extra budgetary accounts and quasi-fiscal activities need to be brought into the budget framework. Although there is room for improvements, the CIS countries now have, broadly, levels of tax revenues and expenditures not out of line with the international norm, taking into account income levels. The main challenges they face are to further increase the market friendliness of taxation and to implement an efficiency-improving structural reform of the expenditure system while strengthening control and accountability.



What Does Aid Do To Fiscal Policy New Evidence


What Does Aid Do To Fiscal Policy New Evidence
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Author : Jean-Louis Combes
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-09-23

What Does Aid Do To Fiscal Policy New Evidence written by Jean-Louis Combes and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-23 with Business & Economics categories.


Foreign aid is a sizable source of government financing for several developing countries and its allocation matters for the conduct of fiscal policy. This paper revisits fiscal effects of shifts in aid dependency in 59 developing countries from 1960 to 2010. It identifies structural shifts in aid dependency: upward shifts (structural increases in aid inflows) and downward shifts (structural decreases in aid inflows). These shifts are treated as shocks in aid dependency and treatment effect methods are used to assess the fiscal effects of aid. It finds that shifts in aid dependency are frequent and have significant fiscal effects. In addition to traditional evidence of tax displacement and “aid illusion,” we show that upward shifts and downward shifts in aid dependency have asymmetric effects on the fiscal accounts. Large aid inflows undermine tax capacity and public investment while large reductions in aid inflows tend to keep recipients’ tax and expenditure ratios unchanged. Moreover, the tax displacement effects tend to be temporary while the impact on expenditure items are persistent. Finally, we find that the undesirable fiscal effects of aid are more pronounced in countries with low governance scores and low absorptive capacity, as well as those with IMF-supported programs.



The Imf And Its Critics


The Imf And Its Critics
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Author : David Vines
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-02-26

The Imf And Its Critics written by David Vines and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-26 with Business & Economics categories.


The IMF is the first economic institution in line to protect countries from the effects of financial crises and to insulate the world economy from possible systemic risk. However, many argue that the IMF is insufficiently equipped to do this job, while others argue almost the opposite: the IMF's well-intentioned actions induce other countries to take risks which increase their exposure from both universities and the multilateral agencies, combines rigourous economic analysis with insider perspectives on key policy debates. It analyses the Asian and Argentine financial crises of the late 1990s, issues of policy ownership, the more general quest for financial stability and governance of the IMF. It is an essential reference for anyone interested in the role of international financial institutions in our globalised economy.