Education Labor Force Participation And Changing Fertility Patterns
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Education Labor Force Participation And Changing Fertility Patterns
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Author : Maria Stanfors
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Education Labor Force Participation And Changing Fertility Patterns written by Maria Stanfors and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This book deals with women and socioeconomic change in twentieth century Sweden. The main focus is on how women's education and labor force participation have affected fertility over time. Although many perceive Sweden as a country where men and women hav
Mother S Schooling And Fertility Under Low Female Labor Force Participation
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Author : Victor Lavy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Mother S Schooling And Fertility Under Low Female Labor Force Participation written by Victor Lavy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This paper studies the effect of mothers' education on fertility in a population with very low female labor force participation. The results we present are particularly relevant to many countries in the Muslim world where 70-80 percent of women are still out of the labor force. For identification we exploit the abrupt end of the military rule which greatly restricted the mobility of Arabs in Israel until the mid-1960's. This change improved access to schooling in communities that lacked schools and, as a consequence, significantly increased the education of affected cohorts, mainly of girls. The very large increase in schooling attainment triggered a sharp decline in completed fertility. We show that no other changes explain these findings and that the results are robust to checks against various threats to identification. We rule out convergence in fertility and schooling, changes in labor-force participation, age upon marriage, marriage and divorce rates, and spousal labor-force participation and earnings as mechanisms in this fertility decline. Spousal education increased however sharply through assortative matching and played a role in the fertility decline. We also show that the increase in mother's education was significantly and positively correlated with several potential mechanisms such as a reduction in the desired number of children, better knowledge and higher probability of using contraceptives, recognition that family size can compromise children quality, larger role for women in family decision making, less religiosity, and positive attitude towards modern health care and modernism in general.
Fertility Female Labor Force Participation And The Demographic Dividend
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Author : David Elliot Bloom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Fertility Female Labor Force Participation And The Demographic Dividend written by David Elliot Bloom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Employment (Economic theory) categories.
We estimate the effect of fertility on female labor force participation in a cross-country panel data set using abortion legislation as an instrument for fertility. We find a large negative effect of the fertility rate on female labor force participation. The direct effect is concentrated among those aged 20-39, but we find that cohort participation is persistent over time giving an effect among older women. We present a simulation model of the effect of fertility reduction on income per capita, taking into account these changes in female labor force participation as well as population numbers and age structure.
Convergence To Very Low Fertility In East Asia Processes Causes And Implications
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Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-23
Convergence To Very Low Fertility In East Asia Processes Causes And Implications written by Noriko O. Tsuya and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-23 with Social Science categories.
This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.
Population And The Economy
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Author : Frank T. Denton
language : en
Publisher: Farnborough, Hants. : Saxon House ; Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books
Release Date : 1975
Population And The Economy written by Frank T. Denton and has been published by Farnborough, Hants. : Saxon House ; Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Business & Economics categories.
Understanding Demographic Transitions
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Author : Claude Diebolt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-24
Understanding Demographic Transitions written by Claude Diebolt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-24 with Political Science categories.
This book studies the process of demographic transition which has played a key role in the economic development of Western countries. The special focus is on France, which constitutes the first clear case of fertility decline in Europe. The book analyzes the reasons behind this phenomenon by examining the evolution of demographic variables in France over the past two hundred years. To better understand the reasons of the changing patterns of demographic behavior, the authors investigate the development of the female labor force, study educational investments, and explore the evolution of gender roles and relations.
Population Resources And Development
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Author : Shripad Tuljapurkar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-07-22
Population Resources And Development written by Shripad Tuljapurkar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-22 with Social Science categories.
In the 21st century, the populations of the world’s nations will display large and long-lived changes in age structure. Many of these began with fertility change and are amplified by declining mortality and by migration within and between nations. Demography will matter in this century not by force of numbers, but by the pressures of waves of age structural change. Many developing countries are in relatively early stages of fertility decline and will experience age waves for two or more generations. These waves create shifting flows of people into the key age groups, greatly complicating the task of managing development, from building human capabilities and creating jobs to growing industry, infrastructure and institutions. In this book, distinguished scientists examine key demographic, social, economic, and policy aspects of age structural change in developing economies. This book provides a joint examination of dimensions of age structural change that have often been considered in isolation from each other (for example, education, job creation, land use, health); it uses case studies to examine policy consequences and options and develops qualitative and formal methods to analyze the dynamics and consequences of age structural change.
Oecd Employment Outlook 2004
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2004-07-07
Oecd Employment Outlook 2004 written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-07 with categories.
OECD's annual assessment of labour market developments and prospects in the OECD area. This 2004 edition examines working time scheduling/family arrangements; employment protection regulations, wage-setting institutions, improving skills, and informal employment. Includes a statistical annex.
Recent Fertility Trends In Sub Saharan Africa
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-03-18
Recent Fertility Trends In Sub Saharan Africa written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-18 with Social Science categories.
Fertility rates and population growth influence economic development. The marked declines in fertility seen in some developing nations have been accompanied by slowing population growth, which in turn provided a window of opportunity for rapid economic growth. For many sub-Saharan African nations, this window has not yet opened because fertility rates have not declined as rapidly there as elsewhere. Fertility rates in many sub-Saharan African countries are high: the total rate for the region is estimated to be 5.1 births per woman, and rates that had begun to decline in many countries in the region have stalled. High rates of fertility in these countries are likely to contribute to continued rapid population growth: the United Nations projects that the region's population will increase by 1.2 billion by 2050, the highest growth among the regions for which there are projections. In June 2015, the Committee on Population organized a workshop to explore fertility trends and the factors that have influenced them. The workshop committee was asked to explore history and trends related to fertility, proximate determinants and other influences, the status and impact of family planning programs, and prospects for further reducing fertility rates. This study will help donors, researchers, and policy makers better understand the factors that may explain the slow pace of fertility decline in this region, and develop methods to improve family planning in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Political Economy Of Japan S Low Fertility
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Author : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2006-12-08
The Political Economy Of Japan S Low Fertility written by Frances McCall Rosenbluth and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-08 with Social Science categories.
This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.