Effect Of Feeding Corn Silage Based Diets Predicted To Be Deficient In Either Ruminal Nitrogen Or Metabolizable Protein On Nitrogen Utilization And Efficiency Of Use In Lactating Cows
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Effect Of Feeding Corn Silage Based Diets Predicted To Be Deficient In Either Ruminal Nitrogen Or Metabolizable Protein On Nitrogen Utilization And Efficiency Of Use In Lactating Cows
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Author : Erin Beth Recktenwald
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Effect Of Feeding Corn Silage Based Diets Predicted To Be Deficient In Either Ruminal Nitrogen Or Metabolizable Protein On Nitrogen Utilization And Efficiency Of Use In Lactating Cows written by Erin Beth Recktenwald and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Due to concern over nitrogen (N) emissions, this study attempted to evaluate dietary approaches to reduce N excretion by dairy cattle. Knowledge about potential N sources that were either unaccounted for or under-predicted by CPM Dairy and the Dairy NRC (2001) was used to formulate rations that were much lower in crude protein (CP) than typically fed to dairy cattle but would potentially not decrease production. Specifically, the three diets fed were predicted to have: (1) positive rumen N and metabolizable protein (MP) balances (Diet P) (2) negative MP balance and positive rumen N balance (Diet N), or (3) negative rumen N balance but positive MP balance (Diet T) as predicted by CPM Dairy version 3. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether, and to what extent, the decrease in predicted ruminally available N and MP supply would affect milk production. Eighty-eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows (83 ± 20 DIM), were blocked by average daily milk yield to 50 DIM and parity and assigned to three diets differing in N content or predicted rumen degradability of the feed N. The diets were formulated with CPM Dairy V3 using library values for all feeds except corn silage where actual chemical, digestibility, and degradation rate values were determined and used. The diets (DM basis) consisted of approximately 50% corn silage, 2% wheat straw and 48% of a diet specific ingredient mix and were formulated for 22.2 of kg DMI. Actual diet CP levels were 16.7, 14.2 and 14.3% for Diets P, N and T, respectively. The predicted CPM Dairy rumen N balance at the formulated DMI was 29 and 27 g for Diets P and N and negative 39 g/d for Diet T, whereas the predicted MP balance was 263 and negative 145 and 91 g/d for Diets P, N and T, respectively. Monensin was included in the diets at a formulated intake of approximately 300 mg per cow per d and somatotropin was administered per label. Actual DMI for cattle fed these treatments were 25.7, 25.5 and 24.2 kg/d for Diets P, N and T, respectively and were significantly lower for Diet T. Actual milk yield was 45.0, 42.6 and 43.3 kg/d and 3.5% FCM was 38.1, 36.5, and 36.4 kg/d for cows fed Diets P, N and T, respectively and was significantly lower for cows fed Diets N and T. Milk protein percent was not affected by diet; however, milk protein yield was significantly greater for cows fed Diet P due to the difference in milk yield. Plasma urea N concentrations were 11.31, 8.40 and 7.13 mg/dl for cows fed diets P, N and T, respectively and were different and paralleled the rumen ammonia levels of 8.32, 6.58 and 5.84 mg/dl. Milk fat depression (MFD) was observed in all cows and was not affected by treatment, and the average milk fat levels were 2.67, 2.68 and 2.54% for diets P, N and T, respectively. To determine if monensin was partially responsible for the MFD, monensin was removed from the diets of approximately half of the cows on treatment once they had finished the experimental period. Removal of monensin resulted in a 30% increase in milk fat percent, and milk protein content was not affected. Calculated milk N:intake N ratios for the three treatments were 0.31, 0.33 and 0.36 for Diets P, N and T respectively. The results of this study suggest that more productive N is available than currently predicted by either CPM Dairy and the Dairy NRC (2001). Understanding where these differences exist would allow for feeding less CP to dairy cattle and decreasing N emissions to the environment. It may also be a profitable strategy for dairy farmers, as they would be able to reduce their purchase of costly protein feeds, but that was not demonstrated in this study - primarily due to the severe milk fat depression that decreased the economic value of milk. However, ration cost was not a concern for this experiment, and that aspect can be considered when implementing feeding strategies stemming from this research. (Abstract).
Recent Advances In Animal Nutrition
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Author : W. Haresign
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Recent Advances In Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Nutrisi Ruminansia
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Author : Kustantinah I.S. Adiwimarta
language : id
Publisher: UGM PRESS
Release Date : 2021-11-24
Nutrisi Ruminansia written by Kustantinah I.S. Adiwimarta and has been published by UGM PRESS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-24 with Pets categories.
Pada industri peternakan, pakan mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 70% dari total biaya produksi sehingga mempelajari ketersediaan nutrien dan memperbaiki efisiensi konversi pakan merupakan hal sangat penting. Pada ruminansia yang baru lahir, energi dan protein pakan digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi yang cukup tinggi pada dua minggu pertama kehidupannya. Kolostrum yang sangat bagus didapatkan pedet dari menyusu induknya pertama kali sejak lahir. Setelah empat hari, susu disebut susu transisi. Untuk minggu pertama kehidupannya, pedet mendapatkan hampir semua nutrisinya dari susu dan mulai umur empat hari, dapat diberi milkreplacer. Berbeda dari ruminansia dewasa, saat lahir, pada rumen praruminansia tidakterdapat mikroba anaerobic. Apabila pakan yang diberikan lebih dari satu jenis, akan timbul efek asosiasi, dapat menjadi efek positif maupun efek negatif. Beberapa efek negatif yang terbentuk dapat diminimalkan dengan pengawasan pada pengolahan pakan. VFA adalah sumber energi utama untuk ternak ruminansia. VFA diproduksi pada saat pakan difermentasikan di dalam rumen dan juga diproduksi pada saat fermentasi residu pakan di dalam usus besar meskipun hal ini pada umumnya hanya sedikit dibandingkan dengan total VFA yang diproduksi di rumen. Metabolisme basal pada umumnya didefinisikan sebagai produksi panas pada ternakdalam lingkungan thermoneutral. Walaupun kondisi ini sangat sulit dicapai ternak, dapat untuk mengukur metabolisme pada saat puasa karena pada umumnya ternak dipelihara di dalam ruangan respirasi (tertutup) dengan aktivitas sangat terbatas. Di dalam buku ini dibahas bentuk-bentuk energi yang dimanfaatkan ruminansia, energi intake, dan energi yang diekskresikan dalam feses maupun urine, misalnya energi yang tercerna (digestible energy/DE). Digestible energi (DE) merupa kan energi yang tecerna. Energi tercerna dapat dinyatakan dalam per unit berat (kcal/g) atau dalam persentase gross energy. Meskipun demikian, istilah total digestible energy juga digunakan. TDN (total digestible nutrien) sering digunakan untuk evaluasi bahan pakan, ekspresi kebutuhan nutrien. Sementara itu, penggunaan energi yang termetabolismekan (ME) dibandingkan DE dan TDN mempunyai keuntungan untuk ternak ruminansia.
Abstracts Of Proceedings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Abstracts Of Proceedings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Animal nutrition categories.
Modelling Nutrient Utilization In Farm Animals
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Author : J. P. McNamara
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2000
Modelling Nutrient Utilization In Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest
Norfor
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Author : Harald Volden
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-10-05
Norfor written by Harald Volden and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-05 with Science categories.
NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Cattle
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Author : Alexander N. Hristov
language : en
Publisher: CABI Publishing
Release Date : 2005
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Cattle written by Alexander N. Hristov and has been published by CABI Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Interactions between Cattle and the Environment: a General Introduction; Nitrogen Requirements of Cattle; Nitrogen Metabolism in the RUlDen; Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Nitrogen Utilization in the RUlDen; Whole-anilnal Nitrogen Balance in Cattle Phosphorus Metabolism in the RUlDen; Phosphorus Metabolism in Rwninants and Requirements of Cattle; Etfects ofDietary Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Cattle Reproduction; lnproving the EfficielicY cifNutrient Use on Cattle Operations.
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medicine categories.
Energy Nutrition In Ruminants
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Author : E.R. Orskov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Energy Nutrition In Ruminants written by E.R. Orskov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This book is intended to be a companion volume to 'Protein Nutrition in Ruminants' (1982, Academic Press), which emphasized both the role of proteins and new systems for their evaluation. Here the focus is on energy-yielding nutrients and problems involved in evaluating them. Nonetheless in both volumes there is explicit recognition of the interdependence of energy and protein nutrition. I have not attempted to review comprehensively all the literature relating to ruminant energy nutrition and must apologize to colleagues whose work is not fully reported. Where possible tables and figures are taken from the studies of our group at the Rowett Research Institute since, if for no other reason, I am most familiar with these data. I have first considered the nutrition of the newborn and have stressed the role of behaviour 'in determining whether nutrients enter or bypass the rumen. The development of the rumen, the of anaerobic fermentation and the roles of various principles . species of rumen bacteria, protozoa and fungi in relation to different substrates, are summarized. This is followed by accounts of the factors affecting the utilization of different substrates and the v vi Preface absorption and metabolism of the end-products of fermentation and digestion, together with estimates of digestive capacity in various segments of the gut. The ruminant's requirements for energy-yielding nutrients is considered in relation to the per formance of various activities and to environmental conditions, particular attention being paid to the requirement for glucose precursors.
Alternate Nitrogen Sources For Ruminants
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Alternate Nitrogen Sources For Ruminants written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Agricultural wastes categories.