Evaluating Explanations
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Evaluating Explanations
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Author : David B. Leake
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Evaluating Explanations written by David B. Leake and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
Psychology and philosophy have long studied the nature and role of explanation. More recently, artificial intelligence research has developed promising theories of how explanation facilitates learning and generalization. By using explanations to guide learning, explanation-based methods allow reliable learning of new concepts in complex situations, often from observing a single example. The author of this volume, however, argues that explanation-based learning research has neglected key issues in explanation construction and evaluation. By examining the issues in the context of a story understanding system that explains novel events in news stories, the author shows that the standard assumptions do not apply to complex real-world domains. An alternative theory is presented, one that demonstrates that context -- involving both explainer beliefs and goals -- is crucial in deciding an explanation's goodness and that a theory of the possible contexts can be used to determine which explanations are appropriate. This important view is demonstrated with examples of the performance of ACCEPTER, a computer system for story understanding, anomaly detection, and explanation evaluation.
Evaluating Doing And Writing Research In Psychology
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Author : Philip Bell
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2001-03-30
Evaluating Doing And Writing Research In Psychology written by Philip Bell and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-30 with Psychology categories.
Evaluating, Doing and Writing Research in Psychology is a thoroughly revised and expanded co-edition of the highly regarded Reasoning and Argument in Psychology, originally published by UNSW Press, Australia. It represents a comprehensive textbook for all undergraduates in psychology who need to undertake empirical research, taking them step-by-step through the process. In particular, it offers the a range of study skills enabling the student to understand the complex processes involved with psychological research, not really covered in other texts. Coverage includes: · A guide to evaluating statements, arguments and a range of different psychological explanations · Chapters on the interpretation and evaluation of data and evidence, understanding weaknesses in psychological argument, and measurement and numerical reasoning · Chapters on doing a literature review, writing up essays and projects, and reporting observational studies. This is a practical textbook. Textboxes are included to help students comprehend jargon, key research terms and likely problem areas in psychological research.At the end of each chapter, summaries, questions and exercises are included - all designed to give students extra clarification of issues and to help with their overall understanding. Plenty of new examples have been added from the previous edition and exercises are more clearly focused.
Evaluating Competing Explanatory Games In Economics
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Author : Jonas G. Lipski
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2025-07-15
Evaluating Competing Explanatory Games In Economics written by Jonas G. Lipski and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-15 with Political Science categories.
This erudite book examines the theory of explanatory games. Jonas G. Lipski argues for a comparative approach to the philosophy of economics, applying theoretical ideas to central controversies in the field.
Evaluating Explanations
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Author : David B. Leake
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Evaluating Explanations written by David B. Leake and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Psychology categories.
Psychology and philosophy have long studied the nature and role of explanation. More recently, artificial intelligence research has developed promising theories of how explanation facilitates learning and generalization. By using explanations to guide learning, explanation-based methods allow reliable learning of new concepts in complex situations, often from observing a single example. The author of this volume, however, argues that explanation-based learning research has neglected key issues in explanation construction and evaluation. By examining the issues in the context of a story understanding system that explains novel events in news stories, the author shows that the standard assumptions do not apply to complex real-world domains. An alternative theory is presented, one that demonstrates that context -- involving both explainer beliefs and goals -- is crucial in deciding an explanation's goodness and that a theory of the possible contexts can be used to determine which explanations are appropriate. This important view is demonstrated with examples of the performance of ACCEPTER, a computer system for story understanding, anomaly detection, and explanation evaluation.
Argument Evaluation And Evidence
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Author : Douglas Walton
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-04
Argument Evaluation And Evidence written by Douglas Walton and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-04 with Philosophy categories.
This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.
Inside Case Based Explanation
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Author : Roger C. Schank
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-24
Inside Case Based Explanation written by Roger C. Schank and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-24 with Psychology categories.
This book is the third volume in a series that provides a hands-on perspective on the evolving theories associated with Roger Schank and his students. The primary focus of this volume is on constructing explanations. All of the chapters relate to the problem of building computer programs that can develop hypotheses about what might have caused an observed event. Because most researchers in natural language processing don't really want to work on inference, memory, and learning issues, most of their sample text fragments are chosen carefully to de-emphasize the need for non text-related reasoning. The ability to come up with hypotheses about what is really going on in a story is a hallmark of human intelligence. The biggest difference between truly intelligent readers and less intelligent ones is the extent to which the reader can go beyond merely understanding the explicit statements being communicated. Achieving a creative level of understanding means developing hypotheses about questions for which there may be no conclusively correct answer at all. The focus of the lab, during the period documented in this book, was to work on getting a computer program to do that. The volume adopts a case-based approach to the construction of explanations which suggests that the main steps in the process of explaining a given anomaly are as follows: * Retrieve an explanation that might be relevant to the anomaly. * Evaluate whether the retrieved explanation makes sense when applied to the current anomaly. * Adapt the explanation to produce a new variant that fits better if the retrieved explanation doesn't fit the anomaly perfectly.
Machine Learning And Principles And Practice Of Knowledge Discovery In Databases
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Author : Rosa Meo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-01-01
Machine Learning And Principles And Practice Of Knowledge Discovery In Databases written by Rosa Meo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-01 with Computers categories.
The five-volume set CCIS 2133-2137 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the workshops held in conjunction with the Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2023, which took place in Turin, Italy, during September 18-22, 2023. The 200 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 515 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following tracks: Part I: Advances in Interpretable Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence -- Joint Workshop and Tutorial; BIAS 2023 - 3rd Workshop on Bias and Fairness in AI; Biased Data in Conversational Agents; Explainable Artificial Intelligence: From Static to Dynamic; ML, Law and Society; Part II: RKDE 2023: 1st International Tutorial and Workshop on Responsible Knowledge Discovery in Education; SoGood 2023 – 8th Workshop on Data Science for Social Good; Towards Hybrid Human-Machine Learning and Decision Making (HLDM); Uncertainty meets explainability in machine learning; Workshop: Deep Learning and Multimedia Forensics. Combating fake media and misinformation; Part III: XAI-TS: Explainable AI for Time Series: Advances and Applications; XKDD 2023: 5th International Workshop on eXplainable Knowledge Discovery in Data Mining; Deep Learning for Sustainable Precision Agriculture; Knowledge Guided Machine Learning; MACLEAN: MAChine Learning for EArth ObservatioN; MLG: Mining and Learning with Graphs; Neuro Explicit AI and Expert Informed ML for Engineering and Physical Sciences; New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns; Part IV: PharML, Machine Learning for Pharma and Healthcare Applications; Simplification, Compression, Efficiency and Frugality for Artificial intelligence; Workshop on Uplift Modeling and Causal Machine Learning for Operational Decision Making; 6th Workshop on AI in Aging, Rehabilitation and Intelligent Assisted Living (ARIAL); Adapting to Change: Reliable Multimodal Learning Across Domains; AI4M: AI for Manufacturing; Part V: Challenges and Opportunities of Large Language Models in Real-World Machine Learning Applications; Deep learning meets Neuromorphic Hardware; Discovery challenge; ITEM: IoT, Edge, and Mobile for Embedded Machine Learning; LIMBO - LearnIng and Mining for BlOckchains; Machine Learning for Cybersecurity (MLCS 2023); MIDAS - The 8th Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS; Workshop on Advancements in Federated Learning.
Evidence Explanation And Realism
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Author : Peter Achinstein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-28
Evidence Explanation And Realism written by Peter Achinstein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-28 with Philosophy categories.
The essays in this volume address three fundamental questions in the philosophy of science: What is required for some fact to be evidence for a scientific hypothesis? What does it mean to say that a scientist or a theory explains a phenomenon? Should scientific theories that postulate "unobservable" entities such as electrons be construed realistically as aiming to correctly describe a world underlying what is directly observable, or should such theories be understood as aiming to correctly describe only the observable world? Distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein provides answers to each of these questions in essays written over a period of more than 40 years. The present volume brings together his important previously published essays, allowing the reader to confront some of the most basic and challenging issues in the philosophy of science, and to consider Achinstein's many influential contributions to the solution of these issues. He presents a theory of evidence that relates this concept to probability and explanation; a theory of explanation that relates this concept to an explaining act as well as to the different ways in which explanations are to be evaluated; and an empirical defense of scientific realism that invokes both the concept of evidence and that of explanation.
Explainable And Interpretable Models In Computer Vision And Machine Learning
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Author : Hugo Jair Escalante
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-29
Explainable And Interpretable Models In Computer Vision And Machine Learning written by Hugo Jair Escalante and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-29 with Computers categories.
This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning. Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning machines to the next step to include them in decision support systems involving human supervision. This book, written by leading international researchers, addresses key topics of explainability and interpretability, including the following: · Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning · Explanation Methods in Deep Learning · Learning Functional Causal Models with Generative Neural Networks · Learning Interpreatable Rules for Multi-Label Classification · Structuring Neural Networks for More Explainable Predictions · Generating Post Hoc Rationales of Deep Visual Classification Decisions · Ensembling Visual Explanations · Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention · Interdisciplinary Perspective on Algorithmic Job Candidate Search · Multimodal Personality Trait Analysis for Explainable Modeling of Job Interview Decisions · Inherent Explainability Pattern Theory-based Video Event Interpretations
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology And Applications
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Author : De-Shuang Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-08-01
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology And Applications written by De-Shuang Huang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-01 with Computers categories.
This 6-volume set LNAI 14875-14880 constitutes - in conjunction with the 13-volume set LNCS 14862-14874 and the 2-volume set LNBI 14881-14882 - the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2024, held in Tianjin, China, during August 5-8, 2024. The total of 863 regular papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 2189 submissions. The intelligent computing annual conference primarily aims to promote research, development and application of advanced intelligent computing techniques by providing a vibrant and effective forum across a variety of disciplines. This conference has a further aim of increasing the awareness of industry of advanced intelligent computing techniques and the economic benefits that can be gained by implementing them. The intelligent computing technology includes a range of techniques such as Artificial Intelligence, Pattern Recognition, Evolutionary Computing, Informatics Theories and Applications, Computational Neuroscience & Bioscience, Soft Computing, Human Computer Interface Issues, etc.