Evidence Decision And Causality
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Evidence Decision And Causality
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Author : Arif Ahmed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-09-03
Evidence Decision And Causality written by Arif Ahmed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-03 with PHILOSOPHY categories.
An explanation and defence of evidential decision theory, which emphasises the symptomatic value of options over their causal role.
Evidence Decision And Causality
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Author : Arif Ahmed
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-02
Evidence Decision And Causality written by Arif Ahmed and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-02 with Science categories.
Most philosophers agree that causal knowledge is essential to decision-making: agents should choose from the available options those that probably cause the outcomes that they want. This book argues against this theory and in favour of evidential or Bayesian decision theory, which emphasises the symptomatic value of options over their causal role. It examines a variety of settings, including economic theory, quantum mechanics and philosophical thought-experiments, where causal knowledge seems to make a practical difference. The arguments make novel use of machinery from other areas of philosophical inquiry, including first-person epistemology and the free will debate. The book also illustrates the applicability of decision theory itself to questions about the direction of time and the special epistemic status of agents.
The Foundations Of Causal Decision Theory
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Author : James M. Joyce
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-04-13
The Foundations Of Causal Decision Theory written by James M. Joyce and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-13 with Science categories.
This book defends the view that any adequate account of rational decision making must take a decision maker's beliefs about causal relations into account. The early chapters of the book introduce the non-specialist to the rudiments of expected utility theory. The major technical advance offered by the book is a 'representation theorem' that shows that both causal decision theory and its main rival, Richard Jeffrey's logic of decision, are both instances of a more general conditional decision theory. The book solves a long-standing problem for Jeffrey's theory by showing for the first time how to obtain a unique utility and probability representation for preferences and judgements of comparative likelihood. The book also contains a major new discussion of what it means to suppose that some event occurs or that some proposition is true. The most complete and robust defence of causal decision theory available.
Causation In Decision Belief Change And Statistics
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Author : W.L. Harper
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Causation In Decision Belief Change And Statistics written by W.L. Harper and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine Vll INTRODUCTION PART I: DECISIONS AND GAMES Causal notions have recently corne to figure prominently in discussions about rational decision making. Indeed, a relatively influential new approach to theorizing about rational choice has come to be called "causal decision theory". 1 Decision problems such as Newcombe's Problem and some versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma where an act counts as evidence for a desired state even though the agent knows his choice of that act cannot causally influence whether or not the state obtains have motivated causal decision theorists.
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient
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Author : Rani Lill Anjum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Rethinking Causality Complexity And Evidence For The Unique Patient written by Rani Lill Anjum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Philosophy categories.
This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness.
Evidence Decision And Causality
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Author : Arif Ahmed
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-08-07
Evidence Decision And Causality written by Arif Ahmed and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-07 with Education categories.
An explanation and defence of evidential decision theory, which emphasises the symptomatic value of options over their causal role.
Rational Decision And Causality
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Author : Ellery Eells
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982-09-02
Rational Decision And Causality written by Ellery Eells and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-09-02 with Philosophy categories.
In past years, the traditional Bayesian theory of rational decision making, based on subjective calculations of expected utility, has faced powerful attack from philosophers such as David Lewis and Brian Skyrms, who advance an alternative causal decision theory. The test they present for the Bayesian is exemplified in the decision problem known as 'Newcomb's paradox' and in related decision problems and is held to support the prescriptions of the causal theory. As well as his conclusions, the concepts and methods of Professor Eells introduces in the course of his analyses have extensive implications, not solely for probability theorists narrowly conceived, but for economists, statisticians and psychologists concerned with decision making and the employment of Bayesian principles. They and their students will, in addition, find the early chapters of great use as a background and introduction to the subject as a whole.
Free Will Causality And Neuroscience
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2019-10-21
Free Will Causality And Neuroscience written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-21 with Philosophy categories.
Neuroscientists often consider free will to be an illusion. Contrary to this hypothesis, the contributions to this volume show that recent developments in neuroscience can also support the existence of free will. Firstly, the possibility of intentional consciousness is studied. Secondly, Libet’s experiments are discussed from this new perspective. Thirdly, the relationship between free will, causality and language is analyzed. This approach suggests that language grants the human brain a possibility to articulate a meaningful personal life. Therefore, human beings can escape strict biological determinism. Contributing author Sofia Bonicalzi has received funding from the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754388 (LMUResearchFellows) and from LMUexcellent, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Free State of Bavaria under the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal Government and the Länder.
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning
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Author : Michael Waldmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
The Oxford Handbook Of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Psychology categories.
Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.
Guiding Principles For Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based On Chronic Disease
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-11-21
Guiding Principles For Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based On Chronic Disease written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-21 with Medical categories.
Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups. In 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs.