Experimental Evidence For Top Down Attentional Selection In The Selective Tuning Model Of Visual Attention
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Experimental Evidence For Top Down Attentional Selection In The Selective Tuning Model Of Visual Attention
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Author : Sang-Ah Yoo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Experimental Evidence For Top Down Attentional Selection In The Selective Tuning Model Of Visual Attention written by Sang-Ah Yoo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
To overcome limited processing capacity, our visual system facilitates information that relates to the task at hand while inhibiting irrelevant information via selective attention. Among various attention models and theories, the Selective Tuning model of visual attention (ST) is a computation model of visual processing that is based on biological mechanisms. This model emphasizes the role of top-down feedback processing in visual perception and has predicted its unique consequences, such as an attentional surround suppression in which the attentional focus is accompanied by an inhibitory surround. The previous studies have experimentally validated STs predictions, indicating that the components in ST do reflect actual visual processing in the brain. Nevertheless, many aspects of ST still need to be elaborated and several predictions and assumptions remain untested. The series of works in this dissertation investigate different aspects of top-down feedback processing in visual perception that ST has proposed to corroborate this model and to broaden our understanding of visual attention. The first study examined whether top-down feedback processing is necessary for an attention-demanding, fine-grained visual localization (Chapter 2). The subsequent two studies focused on the properties of different types of the attentional surround suppression, the end-result of top-down feedback processing. The second study suggested the interplay between the location-based and feature-based surround suppression and tested the potential factors that could manipulate the spatial extent of the location-based suppressive surround (Chapter 3). The last study demonstrated feature-based surround suppression in motion processing and its neurophysiological mechanism (Chapter 4). Collectively, this work reinforces functional significance of top-down, attention-mediated feedback for visual processing and supports the validity of ST as well.
Visual Selective Attention
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Author : Claus Bundesen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1995
Visual Selective Attention written by Claus Bundesen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Psychology categories.
This special issue of Visual Cognition features empirical and theoretical contributions by leading research scholars in the field. The volume begins with a general introduction and an authoritative review of work on spatial attention in the flankers task. Next, a series of empirical articles reports important new findings on visual selection by spatial location. A second section contrasts by presenting recent empirical findings on visual selection by other criteria. Finally, four articles present major theoretical statements on aspects of visual attention. As a whole, the issue forms a substantial contribution to the literature on visual selective attention.
Attentional Selection
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Author : Jan Theeuwes
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-03
Attentional Selection written by Jan Theeuwes and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with Psychology categories.
In this Element, a framework is proposed in which it is assumed that visual selection is the result of the interaction between top-down, bottom-up and selection-history factors. The Element discusses top-down attentional engagement and suppression, bottom-up selection by abrupt onsets and static singletons as well as lingering biases due to selection-history entailing priming, reward and statistical learning. We present an integrated framework in which biased competition among these three factors drives attention in a winner-take-all-fashion. We speculate which brain areas are likely to be involved and how signals representing these three factors feed into the priority map which ultimately determines selection.
Top Down Influences On Selective Attention Across The Extended Visual Field
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Author : Jing Feng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Top Down Influences On Selective Attention Across The Extended Visual Field written by Jing Feng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The research focuses on the role of top-down influences on selective attention across the attentional visual field. The attentional visual field is the subset of the visual field in which attentional processes take place. The size of the attentional visual field is relatively large compared to the areas considered by most empirical studies of visual attention to date. Three possible forms of top-down influence are examined: 1) the expectation of the size of the area in which the target is likely to occur; 2) the expectation of the direction in which the target is likely to occur; and 3) existing unconscious bias in the spatial distribution of attention. Results from Experiment 1 suggest that participants modify the size of the attended area according to their expectation of the location of the target. Experiment 2 demonstrates that focus of attention can be oriented toward the expected target direction. Experiment 3 reveals that, even when no conscious control is involved, the distribution of attention is biased toward certain areas. Theoretical considerations are discussed, including the introduction of a simple statistical model to assist in conceptualizing the modifications of the distribution of attention over the attentional visual field. Practical applications of the results are also discussed.
Selective Attention In Vision
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Author : A. H. C. van der Heijden
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2003-09-02
Selective Attention In Vision written by A. H. C. van der Heijden and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Psychology categories.
Clarifies the complex concept of selective attention - how the brain is able to select information form the vast amount available to it - and provides a clear and explicit theory of central importance to psychologists.
Selective Attention In Vision
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Author : A. H. C. van der Heijden
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1992
Selective Attention In Vision written by A. H. C. van der Heijden and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Psychology categories.
Clarifies the complex concept of selective attention - how the brain is able to select information form the vast amount available to it - and provides a clear and explicit theory of central importance to psychologists.
Attention
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Author : Addie Johnson
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2004
Attention written by Addie Johnson and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Psychology categories.
Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention.
The Breadth Of Visual Attention
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Author : Stephanie C. Goodhew
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-06-18
The Breadth Of Visual Attention written by Stephanie C. Goodhew and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-18 with Psychology categories.
Humans can focus their attention narrowly (e.g., to read this text) or broadly (e.g., to determine which way a large crowd of people are moving). This Element comprehensively considers attentional breadth. Section 1 introduces the concept of attentional breadth, while Section 2 considers measures of attentional breadth. In particular, this section provides a critical discussion of the types of psychometric evidence which should be sought to establish the validity of measures of attentional breadth and reviews the available evidence through this lens. Section 3 considers the visual task performance consequences of attentional breadth, including prescribing several key methodological criteria that studies that manipulate attentional breadth need to meet, as well as a discussion of relevant theories and avenues for future theoretical development. Section 4 discusses the utility of the exogenous–endogenous distinction from covert shifts of attention for understanding the performance consequences of attentional breadth. Finally, Section 5 provides concluding remarks.
Encyclopedia Of Neuroscience
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Author : Marc D. Binder
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-10-13
Encyclopedia Of Neuroscience written by Marc D. Binder and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-13 with Medical categories.
This 5000-page masterwork is literally the last word on the topic and will be an essential resource for many. Unique in its breadth and detail, this encyclopedia offers a comprehensive and highly readable guide to a complex and fast-expanding field. The five-volume reference work gathers more than 10,000 entries, including in-depth essays by internationally known experts, and short keynotes explaining essential terms and phrases. In addition, expert editors contribute detailed introductory chapters to each of 43 topic fields ranging from the fundamentals of neuroscience to fascinating developments in the new, inter-disciplinary fields of Computational Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy. Some 1,000 multi-color illustrations enhance and expand the writings.
Mechanisms Of Visual Attention
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Author : Werner X. Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1998
Mechanisms Of Visual Attention written by Werner X. Schneider and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Psychology categories.
In order to produce coherent behaviour in a complex world, forms of visual attention are necessary in order for us to select appropriate objects for action. Over the past ten years, there have been considerable advances in research into visual attention, with many of these advances linked to interdisciplinary research in experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neurophysiology and functional imaging. This work has begun to allow us to understand not only the functional properties of visual attention, but also how attentional processes are localized in the brain: the cognitive neuroscience of visual attention. This special issue draws together research from leading figures in this field, to highlight recent progress in understanding how selective processes operate in perception and action.