Focus Evaluativity And Antonymy
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Focus Evaluativity And Antonymy
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Author : Sam Alxatib
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-17
Focus Evaluativity And Antonymy written by Sam Alxatib and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book uncovers properties of focus association with 'only' by examining the interaction between the particle and bare (or “evaluative”) gradable terms. Its empirical building blocks are paradigms involving upward-scalar terms like 'few' and 'rarely', and their downward-scalar antonyms 'many' and 'frequently', an area that has not been studied previously in the literature. The empirical claim is that associations of the former type give rise to unexpected readings, and the proposed theoretical explanation draws on the properties of the latter type of association. In presenting the details, the book deconstructs the so-called scalar presupposition of 'only' and derives it from constraints against its vacuous use. This view is then combined with a semantics of the evaluative adjectives 'many' and 'few' to explain why the unavailable (but expected) meanings of the given constructions are unavailable. The attested (but unexpected) readings of 'only+few/rarely' associations are derived from independently motivated LFs in which the degree expressions are existentially closed. Finally, the book provides new findings, based on the core proposal, about 'only if' constructions, and about the interaction between 'only' and other upward-scalar modified numerals (comparatives, and 'at most'). The book thus provides new data and a new theoretical view of the semantic properties of 'only', and connects it to the semantics of gradable expressions.
Formal Approaches To Number In Slavic And Beyond
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Author : Mojmír Dočekal
language : en
Publisher: Language Science Press
Release Date :
Formal Approaches To Number In Slavic And Beyond written by Mojmír Dočekal and has been published by Language Science Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The goal of this collective monograph is to explore the relationship between the cognitive notion of number and various grammatical devices expressing this concept in natural language with a special focus on Slavic. The book aims at investigating different morphosyntactic and semantic categories including plurality and number-marking, individuation and countability, cumulativity, distributivity and collectivity, numerals, numeral modifiers and classifiers, as well as other quantifiers. It gathers 19 contributions tackling the main themes from different theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to contribute to our understanding of cross-linguistic patterns both in Slavic and non-Slavic languages.
The Semantics Of Evaluativity
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Author : Jessica Rett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Semantics Of Evaluativity written by Jessica Rett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book focuses on the semantic phenomenon of evaluativity and its consequences across constructions. Evaluativity has traditionally been associated exclusively with the positive construction, a term for sentences with a gradable adjective but with no overt degree morphology. John is tall is evaluative because it entails that John is tall relative to a contextually valued standard. John is taller than Sue and John is as tall as Sue are not evaluative because both could be used even if John and Sue were short. Previous accounts of evaluativity have assumed that it is not part of the inherent meaning of adjectives, but is contributed by a null morpheme. Jessica Rett argues against this analysis, proposing that no null morpheme is required. Instead, evaluativity is explained on the basis of assumptions that speakers and hearers make about the relationship between the simplicity of a situation and the simplicity of the language used to describe that situation; the analysis is couched in recent approaches to Gricean conversational implicature.
Semantics Lexical Structures And Adjectives
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Author : Claudia Maienborn
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-02-19
Semantics Lexical Structures And Adjectives written by Claudia Maienborn and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Discover vital research on the lexical and cognitive meanings of words. In this exciting book from a team of world-class researchers, in-depth articles explain a wide range of topics, including thematic roles, sense relation, ambiguity and comparison. The authors focus on the cognitive and conceptual structure of words and their meaning extensions such as coercion, metaphors and metonymies. The book features highly cited material – available in paperback for the first time since its publication – and is an essential starting point for anyone interested in lexical semantics, especially where it meets other cognitive and conceptual research.
Particles In German English And Beyond
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Author : Remus Gergel
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2022-08-15
Particles In German English And Beyond written by Remus Gergel and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Germanic languages have been recognized as having not only intensifying or focus particles, but also so-called modal particles. The relevant items are specialized discourse markers joined by characteristic syntactic properties. After an introductory overview of the complex field, the contributions of the current volume capitalize on, but also work much further beyond the baseline of the established insights. They offer analyses of (a) new data types within and sometimes across several Germanic languages (e.g. varieties/stages of German, Dutch, or Norwegian), encompassing different classes of particles and a variety of syntactic-semantic as well as usage-based aspects; (b) the classical dichotomy between languages like German and English when it comes to the availability of modal particles both synchronically and diachronically; (c) crucial integrated insight from non-Germanic languages such as French, Hungarian, Italian, Mandarin, or Vietnamese. A number of mostly interface-based proposals of several languages as well as further generalizations are put on the table for both expert and novice readers in the field.
Insight Into Fuzzy Modeling
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Author : Vilém Novák
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-04-04
Insight Into Fuzzy Modeling written by Vilém Novák and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides a unique and methodologically consistent treatment of various areas of fuzzy modeling and includes the results of mathematical fuzzy logic and linguistics This book is the result of almost thirty years of research on fuzzy modeling. It provides a unique view of both the theory and various types of applications. The book is divided into two parts. The first part contains an extensive presentation of the theory of fuzzy modeling. The second part presents selected applications in three important areas: control and decision-making, image processing, and time series analysis and forecasting. The authors address the consistent and appropriate treatment of the notions of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic and their applications. They provide two complementary views of the methodology, which is based on fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The first, more traditional method involves fuzzy approximation and the theory of fuzzy relations. The second method is based on a combination of formal fuzzy logic and linguistics. A very important topic covered for the first time in book form is the fuzzy transform (F-transform). Applications of this theory are described in separate chapters and include image processing and time series analysis and forecasting. All of the mentioned components make this book of interest to students and researchers of fuzzy modeling as well as to practitioners in industry. Features: Provides a foundation of fuzzy modeling and proposes a thorough description of fuzzy modeling methodology Emphasizes fuzzy modeling based on results in linguistics and formal logic Includes chapters on natural language and approximate reasoning, fuzzy control and fuzzy decision-making, and image processing using the F-transform Discusses fuzzy IF-THEN rules for approximating functions, fuzzy cluster analysis, and time series forecasting Insight into Fuzzy Modeling is a reference for researchers in the fields of soft computing and fuzzy logic as well as undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students. Vilém Novák, D.Sc. is Full Professor and Director of the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Irina Perfilieva, Ph.D. is Full Professor, Senior Scientist, and Head of the Department of Theoretical Research at the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Antonín Dvorák, Ph.D. is Associate Professor, and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Interactions Of Degree And Quantification
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-06-29
Interactions Of Degree And Quantification written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-29 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Interactions of Degree and Quantification examines connections and semantic parallels between individual and degree quantifiers in the expression of quantity and measurement in human language.
Antonyms In English
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Author : Steven Jones
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-02-23
Antonyms In English written by Steven Jones and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
An investigation of antonyms in English, offering a model of how we mentally organize concepts and perceive contrasts between them.
Using Perceived Risk As A Mediator Between Product Service Features And Evaluative Judgment
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Author : David Eugene Hartman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Using Perceived Risk As A Mediator Between Product Service Features And Evaluative Judgment written by David Eugene Hartman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Consumer behavior categories.
Weak Island Semantics
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Author : Márta Abrusán
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-02-20
Weak Island Semantics written by Márta Abrusán and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents a novel semantic account of weak, or selective, islands. Weak islands are configurations that block the displacement of certain elements in a sentence. Examples of island violations with acceptable counterexamples include '#How much wine haven't you drunk?' (but 'Which girl haven't you introduced to Mary?'), '#How does John regret that he danced at the party?' (but 'Who does John regret that he invited to the party?') or '#How much wine do you know whether you will produce?' (but 'Which glass of wine do you know whether you'll poison?'). For forty years or more, explanations of the unacceptability of these island constructions have been syntactic. Syntactic accounts have also provided some of the key empirical motivation for Chomsky's claim that universal grammar (UG) contains language independent abstract syntactic constraints. But syntactic accounts, however subtle, fail to explain why many weak island violations are made almost acceptable by modals and attitude verbs, as in 'How much wine aren't you allowed to drink?'; 'How fast do you hope Lewis didn't drive?'; or 'How does Romeo regret he was allowed to go to the party?' Dr Abrusán considers which contexts and expressions create - or are sensitive to - weak island violations, and examines the factors that go some way to curing them. She puts forward a semantic analysis to account for the unacceptability of violations of negative, presuppositional, quantificational and wh-islands. She explains why grammaticality violations can be obviated by certain modal expressions, and why and how far the grammaticality judgments of speakers depend on the context of the utterance. The book argues that there is no need to assume abstract syntactic rules in order to derive these facts; rather, they can be made to follow from independent semantic principles. If correct, this work has a fundamental consequence for the field of linguistics in general: it removes some of the most important reasons for postulating abstract syntactic rules as part of UG, and hence weakens the arguments for postulating a module of UG.