Forensic Science Ugc Net Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor And Lecturer Exams
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Forensic Science Ugc Net Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor And Lecturer Exams
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 1988
Forensic Science Ugc Net Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor And Lecturer Exams written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Study Aids categories.
Forensic Science UGC NET Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor and Lecturer Exams
32 Forensic Science In Hindi
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
32 Forensic Science In Hindi written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with categories.
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15 Criminology
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
15 Criminology written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with categories.
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Anthropology Ugc Net Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor And Lecturer Exams
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 1911
Anthropology Ugc Net Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor And Lecturer Exams written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1911 with Study Aids categories.
Anthropology UGC NET Question Bank Chapterwise Assistant Professor and Lecturer Exams
56 Kashmiri In Kashmiri
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
56 Kashmiri In Kashmiri written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with categories.
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Ugc Net Forensic Science In Hindi Test Papers 10 Sets Assistant Professors And Lecturers
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Author : ReadBox
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Ugc Net Forensic Science In Hindi Test Papers 10 Sets Assistant Professors And Lecturers written by ReadBox and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
UGC NET Forensic Science In Hindi Test Papers - 10 Sets (Assistant Professors and Lecturers)
Ugc Net Forensic Science Test Papers 10 Sets Assistant Professors And Lecturers
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Author : ReadBox
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Ugc Net Forensic Science Test Papers 10 Sets Assistant Professors And Lecturers written by ReadBox and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
UGC NET Forensic Science Test Papers - 10 Sets (Assistant Professors and Lecturers)
Forensic Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Forensic Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Chpater 1. Forensic Science Fundamentals: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science, and Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 2. Physical & Trace Evidence Management: Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, and Chain of Custody. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 3. Crime Scene and Initial Investigations: Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime; and Criminal Investigations involving Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 4. Legal Framework for Forensic Experts: Courts: Types, powers, jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 5. Court Procedures and Forensic Organizations: Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness; Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 6. Constitutional Rights and Investigative Profiling: Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India; Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 7. Advanced Investigative Techniques: Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, including their scope and limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 8. Microscopic Examination Techniques: Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 9. Spectrophotometric and Activation Analysis: Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission; and Neutron Activation Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 10. X-ray Based Techniques and Mass Spectroscopy: X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF; and Mass Spectroscopy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 11. Chromatographic and Hyphenated Analytical Methods: Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC; and Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 12. Electrophoretic and Immunoassay Techniques: Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis; and Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques and applications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 13. Blood Evidence Analysis: Detection and Identification of Blood stains, Determination of Species of Origin, Blood Group Systems, and Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 14. Body Fluid Analysis and Serology: Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, and Serum Proteins of forensic significance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 15. Parentage and Genetic Identification: Disputed Paternity & Maternity; DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 16. Advanced DNA Applications and Wildlife Forensics: DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications; Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 17. Alcohol and Illicit Liquor Analysis: Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids and breath; Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants; and Illicit liquors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 18. Trap Case Chemicals and Drug Analysis: Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases; Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse, including Analyses of above and their Toxicity. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 19. Poisons Examination: Examination of Plant poisons and Metallic Poisons. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 20. Toxicological Extraction and Identification: Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, and Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 21. Firearms and Ammunition Fundamentals: Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 22. Forensic Firearms Examination: Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 23. Gunshot Residue and Ballistics Concepts: Gunshot residues analysis; Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 24. Specialized Firearm Examinations and Ballistics: Examination of Country made firearms; Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 25. Tool Marks and Mark Restoration: Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination; Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 26. Arson and Explosives Analysis: Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials; Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 27. Bomb and Explosion Scene Investigation: Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and their examination; Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 28. Forensic Photography: Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 29. Microtrace Evidence - Hair, Fibers, Pollen, Diatoms: Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination; Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 30. Microtrace Evidence - Dust, Soil, Paint, Lacquer, Varnishes: Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination; Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 31. Microtrace Evidence - Glass, Cement, Mortar, Concrete: Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination; Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 32. Digital Forensics - Computers and Mobile Devices: Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination; Mobile Phone Forensics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 33. Fingerprint Analysis: Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 34. Track Marks and Biometric Identification: Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern; Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 35. Voice Analysis Techniques: Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 36. Document Examination Basics and Alterations: Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents; Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination; Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions; Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 37. Materials Analysis in Document Examination: Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods; Age of documents; Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 38. Handwriting Analysis: Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts; Anonymous and disguised writings. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 39. Signature Forgery and Secure Document Examination: Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries; Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 40. Medicolegal Death Investigation and Bodily Evidence: Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences; Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death; Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds; Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains; Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction; Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks; Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science)
Forensic Science Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Forensic Science Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and Weathering. 2. Geomorphic Cycle (Davis and Penck); Theories and Process of Slope Development. 3. Earth Movements (seismicity, folding, faulting and vulcanicity). 4. Landform Occurrence and Causes of Geomorphic Hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and avalanches). 5. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere; Insolation, Heat Budget of Earth; Temperature, Pressure and Winds. 6. Atmospheric Circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation); cyclones and anticyclones (tropical and temperate). 7. Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite; ENSO Events (El Nino, La Nina and Southern Oscillations). 8. Meteorological Hazards and Disasters (Cyclones, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Heat and Cold waves, Drought and Cloudburst, Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF)); Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past; Human impact on Global Climate. 9. Relief of Oceans; Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity; Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides. 10. Sea Level Changes; Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone. 11. Components: Ecosystem (Geographic Classification) and Human Ecology; Functions: Trophic Levels, Energy Flows, Cycles (geo-chemical, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid. 12. Human Interaction and Impacts; Environmental Ethics and Deep Ecology. 13. Environmental Hazards and Disasters (Global Warming, Urban Heat Island, Atmospheric Pollution, Water Pollution, Land Degradation). 14. National Programmes and Policies: Legal Framework, Environmental Policy; International Treaties, International Programmes and Polices (Brundtland Commission, Kyoto Protocol, Agenda 21, Sustainable Development Goals, Paris Agreement). 15. Population Geography: Sources of population data (census, sample surveys and vital statistics, data reliability and errors); World Population Distribution (measures, patterns and determinants); World Population Growth (prehistoric to modern period). 16. Demographic Transition; Theories of Population Growth (Malthus, Sadler, and Ricardo); Fertility and Mortality Analysis (indices, determinants and world patterns). 17. Migration (types, causes and consequences and models); Population Composition and Characteristics (age, sex, rural-urban, occupational structure and educational levels); Population Policies in Developed and Developing Countries. 18. Settlement Geography: Rural Settlements (types, patterns and distribution); Contemporary Problems of Rural Settlements (rural-urban migration; land use changes; land acquisition and transactions); Theories of Origin of Towns (Gordon Childe, Henri Pirenne, Lewis Mumford). 19. Characteristics and Processes of Urbanization in Developed and Developing Countries (factors of urban growth, trends of urbanisation, size, structure and functions of urban areas); Urban Systems (the law of the primate city and rank size rule); Central Place Theories (Christaller and Losch). 20. Internal Structure of the City, Models of Urban Land Use (Burgess, Harris and Ullman, and Hoyt); Concepts of Megacities, Global Cities and Edge Cities; Changing Urban Forms (peri-urban areas, rural-urban fringe, suburban, ring and satellite towns); Social Segregation in the City; Urban Social Area Analysis; Manifestation of Poverty in the City (slums, informal sector growth, crime and social exclusion). 21. Economic Geography: Factors affecting spatial organisation of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary); Natural Resources (classification, distribution and associated problems), Natural Resources Management; World Energy Crises in Developed and Developing Countries. 22. Agricultural Geography: Land capability classification and Land Use Planning; Cropping Pattern: Methods of delineating crop combination regions (Weaver, Doi and Rafiullah), Crop diversification; Von Thunen’s Model of Land Use Planning; Measurement and Determinants of Agricultural Productivity, Regional variations in Agricultural Productivity; Agricultural Systems of the World. 23. Industrial Geography: Classification of Industries, Factors of Industrial Location; Theories of Industrial Location (A. Weber, E. M. Hoover, August Losch, A. Pred and D. M. Smith); World Industrial Regions; Impact of Globalisation on manufacturing sector in Less Developed Countries; Tourism Industry; World distribution and growth of Information And Communication Technology (ICT) and Knowledge Production (Education and R & D) Industries. 24. Geography of Transport and Trade: Theories and Models of spatial interaction (Edward Ullman and M. E. Hurst); Measures and Indices of connectivity and accessibility; Spatial Flow Models: Gravity Model and its variants; World Trade Organisation, Globalisation and Liberalisation and World Trade Patterns; Problems and Prospects of Inter and Intra Regional Cooperation and Trade. 25. Regional Development: Typology of Regions, Formal and Fictional Regions, World Regional Disparities; Theories of Regional Development (Albert O. Hirschman, Gunnar Myrdal, John Friedman, Dependency theory of Underdevelopment); Global Economic Blocks; Regional Development and Social Movements in India. 26. Cultural and Social Geography: Concept of Culture, Cultural Complexes, Areas and Region, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Ecology; Cultural Convergence; Social Structure and Processes; Social Well-being and Quality of Life; Social Exclusion. 27. Spatial distribution of social groups in India (Tribe, Caste, Religion and Language); Environment and Human Health, Diseases Ecology, Nutritional Status (etiological conditions, classification and spatial and seasonal distributional patterns with special reference to India); Health Care Planning and Policies in India; Medical Tourism in India. 28. Political Geography: Boundaries and Frontiers (with special reference to India); Heartland and Rimland Theories; Trends and Developments in Political Geography; Geography of Federalism. 29. Electoral Reforms in India, Determinants of Electoral Behaviour; Geopolitics of Climate Change; Geopolitics of World Resources; Geo-politics of India Ocean; Regional Organisations of Cooperation (SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, EU); Neopolitics of World Natural Resources. 30. Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian Scholars; Contributions of Geographers (Bernhardus Varenius, Immanuel Kant, Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Scheafer & Hartshorne); Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought. 31. Contemporary trends in Indian Geography: Cartography, Thematic and Methodological contributions; Major Geographic Traditions (Earth Science, manenvironment relationship, area studies and spatial analysis). 32. Dualisms in Geographic Studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, ideographic vs. nomothetic); Paradigm Shift; Perspectives in Geography (Positivism, Behaviouralism, Humanism, Structuralism, Feminism and Postmodernism). 33. Sources of Geographic Information and Data (spatial and non-spatial); Types of Maps; Techniques of Map Making (Choropleth, Isarithmic, Dasymetric, Chorochromatic, Flow Maps); Data Representation on Maps (Pie diagrams, Bar diagrams and Line Graph). 34. GIS Database (raster and vector data formats and attribute data formats); Functions of GIS (conversion, editing and analysis); Digital Elevation Model (DEM); Georeferencing (coordinate system and map projections and Datum); GIS Applications (thematic cartography, spatial decision support system). 35. Basics of Remote Sensing (Electromagnetic Spectrum, Sensors and Platforms, Resolution and Types, Elements of Air Photo and Satellite Image Interpretation and Photogrammetry); Types of Aerial Photographs; Digital Image Processing: Developments in Remote Sensing Technology and Big Data Sharing and its applications in Natural Resources Management in India; GPS Components (space, ground control and receiver segments) and Applications. 36. Applications of Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion and Inequalities; Sampling, Sampling Procedure and Hypothesis Testing (chi square test, t test, ANOVA); Time Series Analysis; Correlation and Regression Analysis; Measurement of Indices, Making Indicators Scale Free, Computation of Composite Index; Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis; Morphometric Analysis: Ordering of Streams, Bifurcation Ratio, Drainage Density and Drainage Frequency, Basin Circularity Ratio and Form Factor, Profiles, Slope Analysis, Clinographic Curve, Hypsographic Curve and Altimetric Frequency Graph. 37. Major Physiographic Regions and their Characteristics; Drainage System (Himalayan and Peninsular); Climate: Seasonal Weather Characteristics, Climatic Divisions, Indian Monsoon (mechanism and characteristics), Jet Streams and Himalayan Cryosphere; Types and Distribution of Natural Resources: Soil, Vegetation, Water, Mineral and Marine Resources. 38. Population Characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), Growth and Composition (rural-urban, age, sex, occupational, educational, ethnic and religious); Determinants of Population; Population Policies in India. 39. Agriculture (Production, Productivity and Yield of Major Food Crops), Major Crop Regions, Regional Variations in Agricultural Development, Environmental, Technological and Institutional Factors affecting Indian Agriculture; Agro-Climatic Zones, Green Revolution, Food Security and Right to Food; Industrial Development since Independence, Industrial Regions and their characteristics, Industrial Policies in India. 40. Development and Patterns of Transport Networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways and pipelines); Internal and External Trade (trend, composition and directions); Regional Development Planning in India; Globalisation and its impact on Indian Economy; Natural Disasters in India (Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Tsunami, Himalayan Highland Hazards and Disasters).
Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Folk Literature Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Forensic Science Fundamentals: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science, and Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions. 2. Physical & Trace Evidence Management: Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, and Chain of Custody. 3. Crime Scene and Initial Investigations: Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime; and Criminal Investigations involving Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents. 4. Legal Framework for Forensic Experts: Courts: Types, powers, jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports. 5. Court Procedures and Forensic Organizations: Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness; Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS. 6. Constitutional Rights and Investigative Profiling: Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India; Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation. 7. Advanced Investigative Techniques: Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, including their scope and limitations. 8. Microscopic Examination Techniques: Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes. 9. Spectrophotometric and Activation Analysis: Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission; and Neutron Activation Analysis. 10. X-ray Based Techniques and Mass Spectroscopy: X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF; and Mass Spectroscopy. 11. Chromatographic and Hyphenated Analytical Methods: Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC; and Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS. 12. Electrophoretic and Immunoassay Techniques: Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis; and Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques and applications. 13. Blood Evidence Analysis: Detection and Identification of Blood stains, Determination of Species of Origin, Blood Group Systems, and Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains. 14. Body Fluid Analysis and Serology: Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, and Serum Proteins of forensic significance. 15. Parentage and Genetic Identification: Disputed Paternity & Maternity; DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques. 16. Advanced DNA Applications and Wildlife Forensics: DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications; Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification. 17. Alcohol and Illicit Liquor Analysis: Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids and breath; Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants; and Illicit liquors. 18. Trap Case Chemicals and Drug Analysis: Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases; Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse, including Analyses of above and their Toxicity. 19. Poisons Examination: Examination of Plant poisons and Metallic Poisons. 20. Toxicological Extraction and Identification: Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, and Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids. 21. Firearms and Ammunition Fundamentals: Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions. 22. Forensic Firearms Examination: Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case. 23. Gunshot Residue and Ballistics Concepts: Gunshot residues analysis; Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases. 24. Specialized Firearm Examinations and Ballistics: Examination of Country made firearms; Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. 25. Tool Marks and Mark Restoration: Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination; Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces. 26. Arson and Explosives Analysis: Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials; Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses. 27. Bomb and Explosion Scene Investigation: Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and their examination; Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases. 28. Forensic Photography: Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination. 29. Microtrace Evidence - Hair, Fibers, Pollen, Diatoms: Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination; Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation. 30. Microtrace Evidence - Dust, Soil, Paint, Lacquer, Varnishes: Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination; Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination. 31. Microtrace Evidence - Glass, Cement, Mortar, Concrete: Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination; Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis. 32. Digital Forensics - Computers and Mobile Devices: Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination; Mobile Phone Forensics. 33. Fingerprint Analysis: Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS. 34. Track Marks and Biometric Identification: Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern; Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance. 35. Voice Analysis Techniques: Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations. 36. Document Examination Basics and Alterations: Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents; Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination; Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions; Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents. 37. Materials Analysis in Document Examination: Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods; Age of documents; Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions. 38. Handwriting Analysis: Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts; Anonymous and disguised writings. 39. Signature Forgery and Secure Document Examination: Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries; Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials. 40. Medicolegal Death Investigation and Bodily Evidence: Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences; Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death; Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds; Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains; Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction; Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks; Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications.