Forensic Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Forensic Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Forensic Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Forensic Science Fundamentals: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science, and Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 2. Physical & Trace Evidence Management: Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, and Chain of Custody. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 3. Crime Scene and Initial Investigations: Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime; and Criminal Investigations involving Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 4. Legal Framework for Forensic Experts: Courts: Types, powers, jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 5. Court Procedures and Forensic Organizations: Court Procedures pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness; Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB and NICFS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 6. Constitutional Rights and Investigative Profiling: Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India; Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime investigation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 7. Advanced Investigative Techniques: Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, including their scope and limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 8. Microscopic Examination Techniques: Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and Electron Microscopes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 9. Spectrophotometric and Activation Analysis: Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission; and Neutron Activation Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 10. X-ray Based Techniques and Mass Spectroscopy: X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF; and Mass Spectroscopy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 11. Chromatographic and Hyphenated Analytical Methods: Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC; and Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 12. Electrophoretic and Immunoassay Techniques: Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis; and Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques and applications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 13. Blood Evidence Analysis: Detection and Identification of Blood stains, Determination of Species of Origin, Blood Group Systems, and Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 14. Body Fluid Analysis and Serology: Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, and Serum Proteins of forensic significance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 15. Parentage and Genetic Identification: Disputed Paternity & Maternity; DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 16. Advanced DNA Applications and Wildlife Forensics: DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications; Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidences and Identification. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 17. Alcohol and Illicit Liquor Analysis: Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids and breath; Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants; and Illicit liquors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 18. Trap Case Chemicals and Drug Analysis: Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases; Metabolism and Chemical examination of: Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse, including Analyses of above and their Toxicity. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 19. Poisons Examination: Examination of Plant poisons and Metallic Poisons. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 20. Toxicological Extraction and Identification: Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, and Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 21. Firearms and Ammunition Fundamentals: Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 22. Forensic Firearms Examination: Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’ projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 23. Gunshot Residue and Ballistics Concepts: Gunshot residues analysis; Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 24. Specialized Firearm Examinations and Ballistics: Examination of Country made firearms; Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 25. Tool Marks and Mark Restoration: Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination; Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 26. Arson and Explosives Analysis: Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials; Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 27. Bomb and Explosion Scene Investigation: Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and their examination; Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 28. Forensic Photography: Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 29. Microtrace Evidence - Hair, Fibers, Pollen, Diatoms: Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination; Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 30. Microtrace Evidence - Dust, Soil, Paint, Lacquer, Varnishes: Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination; Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic examination. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 31. Microtrace Evidence - Glass, Cement, Mortar, Concrete: Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination; Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 32. Digital Forensics - Computers and Mobile Devices: Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination; Mobile Phone Forensics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 33. Fingerprint Analysis: Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 34. Track Marks and Biometric Identification: Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern; Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 35. Voice Analysis Techniques: Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 36. Document Examination Basics and Alterations: Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents; Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination; Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions; Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 37. Materials Analysis in Document Examination: Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods; Age of documents; Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 38. Handwriting Analysis: Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts; Anonymous and disguised writings. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 39. Signature Forgery and Secure Document Examination: Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged signature and forgeries; Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science) Chpater 40. Medicolegal Death Investigation and Bodily Evidence: Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences; Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death; Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds; Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains; Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction; Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks; Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Forensic Science)

Criminology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Criminology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Crime as a Legal, Social and Psychological Construct; Deviance and Crime; Traditional Crimes: Crimes against Property and Person (Children, Women, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ), Marginalized, Men). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 2. Victimless Crimes: Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide; Family centred Crimes: Dowry, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse; Community Problems: Inter-religion and Intercaste tensions and conflicts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 3. Modern Crimes: Organized Crimes, Economic Crimes, Corruption, Corporate Crimes, Development induced Crime, Environmental Crimes, Hate Crimes, Cyber Crimes and Cyber assisted Crimes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 4. Terrorism and Insurgency; Crime and Politics; Media, Technology and Crime; Transnational Crimes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 5. Criminology: Definition and Scope; Criminology and other Social Sciences; Criminology vs. Criminal Justice. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 6. Structure of Criminal Justice System in India; Role of Legislature and Law making; Coordination among Criminal Justice System; Participation of Victims and Witnesses in the Criminal Justice Process. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 7. Crime Prevention: Neighbourhood Involvement, Situational Crime Prevention, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED), Electronic Monitoring. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 8. Schools of Criminology: Demonology, Classical, Neo-Classical Schools; Positivist / Positive School; Cartographic School. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 9. Biological and Constitutional School - Body Types, Hereditary Traits, Endocrine Glands; Economic Theories of Crime; Multiple Factors. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 10. Psycho-Analytical Theories and Psychopathic Personality; Social Strain Theories: Anomie theory, Culture conflict and Sub culture theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 11. Social Ecology Theories: Concentric Zone theory, Environmental Criminology, Social disorganization theory, Lower class culture theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 12. Social Learning Theories: Theory of Imitation, Differential Association Theory, Differential Identification theory, and Differential opportunity theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 13. Social Control Theories: Drift and Neutralization theory, Containment theory, Social bond theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 14. Social Conflict Theories: Labelling Theory, Radical Criminology, Conflict Criminology, Critical Criminology, Realist Criminology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 15. Modern Theories: Routine Activities theory, Rational Choice theory, Shaming theory, Broken windows theory, Feminist Criminology, Masculinity theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 16. Life Course theory, Integrated theories, Space Transition theory; Contemporary Perspectives: Cultural Criminology, News making Criminology, Peacemaking Criminology, Green Criminology, Visual Criminology, Cyber Criminology, Positive Criminology, Translational Criminology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 17. Legal Approaches: Accusatorial and Inquisitorial; Substantive and Procedural Laws- Criminal Liability, Strict Liability; Indian Penal Code-General Exceptions, Offences Against Property. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 18. Criminal Procedure Code; Cognizable and Non-Cognizable offences, Bailable and Non-bailable, Compoundable and Non-compoundable offences. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 19. Investigation of Crimes: Complaint, F. I. R. Arrest, Search, Seizure, Police Custody, Judicial Remand and Bail. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 20. Types of Evidence, Admissibility of Confession, Dying declaration. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 21. Human Rights: Fundamental rights, Rights of accused and victims, Rights of persons in custody, Rights of prisoners. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 22. Supreme Court Landmark Judgments on Criminal Justice Reforms; The Protection of Human Rights Act; Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) Act - Salient features. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 23. Criminological Research: Importance and Types - Descriptive, Analytical, Experimental, Exploratory and Doctrinal; Quantitative vs Qualitative research; Mixed Methods. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 24. Main Steps in Criminological Research; Ethics and Confidentiality in Criminal Justice Research; Researcher Fraud and Plagiarism; Crime and Criminal Justice Data; Statistical Applications in Criminological Research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 25. Penology – definition, nature and scope; Punishment-in ancient, medieval and modern times; Punishment: Significance, Concept, Aims and Types. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 26. Theories of Punishment; Sentencing – Principles, Policies and Procedures; Capital Punishment. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 27. Recent approaches to Punishment – Restorative Justice, Restitution and Victim-offender Mediation; History and evolution of Prison legislations – Prison Manuals and rules. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 28. Various Prison Reforms Committees and Commissions; Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules) and Nelson Mandela Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 29. Development of various prison systems - Penitentiary, Pennsylvania, Auburn system; Evolution and development of Prison system in India; Institutional Treatment: Meaning and purpose. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 30. Prison Types and Classification of Prisoners; Adult Institutions: Central, District and Sub Jails; Women Institutions: Vigilance Home, Protective home; Open Prisons. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 31. Accommodation, food and medical care in prisons; Correctional Programmes – Educational, work and prison panchayats. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 32. Community based Corrections: Probation and Admonition: Concept and Scope, Historical development of probation; Probation in India – Probation of offenders Act. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 33. Parole: Meaning and Scope; After Care services in India; Current problems and challenges in Correctional Administration. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 34. Juvenile and Youth Justice: Definition and Concept; Delinquency; Children in conflict with Law; Children and Vulnerability; Truancy and Vagrancy; Youth Crimes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 35. Main Features of latest Juvenile Justice Act; Institutions: Juvenile Justice Board, Child Welfare Committee, Observation Homes, Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, and ‘fit’ Institutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 36. Juvenile Aftercare Services; Juvenile Police Unit; UN Documents: United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and UN Riyadh Guidelines; Prevention of Delinquency. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 37. Historical development of Victimology; Basic Concepts of Victimology; UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985; Victim – Offender relationship. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 38. Impact of Victimization– Physical, Financial and Psychological (including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), resilience, posttraumatic growth, anger and the way victims are viewed) Impact; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Victimization; Role of NGOs in Victim Assistance. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 39. Criminological perspectives: Repeat victimization, routine activities, lifestyle exposure, fear of crime, punitivity and victimization surveys including cost of crime; Effects of crime on victims. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology) Chpater 40. Legal perspectives: Rights of the Crime Victims as per Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and other Laws- Victim Compensation Schemes; Contemporary Developments in Victimology: Mass Victims and Mass Victimisation, Clinical Victimology, Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Cyber Victimology, Positive Victimology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Criminology)

Social Work Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Social Work Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Core Concepts of Social Work: Definition, Scope, Principles, Nature, Goals, and Process of Social Work. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 2. Historical Evolution of Professional Social Work: Development of Professional Social Work across the world (U.K., U.S.A., and India), including the Contribution of Social Reformers in the 19th and 20th Century in the development of Professional Social Work in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 3. Social Work as a Profession in India & Theoretical Foundations: Values, Competencies, and Code of Ethics for Social Work Practitioners, alongside Theories for Social Work Practice. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 4. Changing Contexts and Settings of Social Work Practice: Emerging Perspectives, Trends, and Challenges of Social Work for Practice, including Social Work Practice in various settings (Family, Child and Youth welfare, Industry, Older Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Environment, Women and Welfare, Healthcare, and Disaster Management). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 5. Fundamental Sociological Concepts: Social Structure, Social Institutions and Social Groups, Socialization, Social Control, and Social Change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 6. Theoretical Approaches to Society & Social Systems: Functionalist, Conflict/Dialectical, Structuralism, and Post Modernism approaches to the study of Society; Major Social Systems (Family and Religion); Social Stratification approaches (Marxist, Functionalist, and Weberian). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 7. Human Behavior and Development: Normal and Abnormal Behaviour Determinants, Lifespan perspective of Human Development (including Development Tasks and Hazards during Pre Natal Period, Infancy, Babyhood, Childhood, Puberty, Adolescence, and Adulthood), and Theories of Personality (Psycho Analytic Theory of Personality, Behavioral theories, and Humanistic theories). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 8. Social Psychology and Community Dynamics: Social Perception, Attitude formation, Change and Measurement, Communication, Theories of Collective Behavior; Types of Communities (Rural, Urban, Tribal, and Virtual Communities), various Vulnerable Groups/sections (viz. Women, Child, Aged, Dalits etc.), and Caste and Class – Their Characteristics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 9. Fundamentals of Social Case Work: Basic Social Case Work Concepts (Social Roles, Social Functioning, Need Assessment, Adaptation, Social environment, Person-in-Environment Fit), Principles, and Components. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 10. Social Case Work Intervention: Approaches to Social Case Work Practice (Diagnostic and Functional Approach, Problem Solving, Task Centered, and Radical Approach), Process and Techniques (Phases of Case Work Intervention, Techniques of Case Work Intervention), Principles of Interviewing, and Case Work Recording. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 11. Social Group Work Foundations & Dynamics: Social Group Work (Definition, Characteristics, Functions, Group Structure), Classification of Groups and making of Social Groups, Issues of Identity, Diversity, and Marginalization; Social Group Work Process and Group Dynamics (Principles, Determinants, Indicators, and Outcomes), Decision making and Problem Solving Process, Theories of Leadership, and Roles and Responsibilities of Group Leaders. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 12. Group Development and Application in Practice Settings: Stages of Group Work, Techniques and Skills in Group Work, Group Climate, Communication in Groups, Use of Programme Media, Group Work Recording, Monitoring and Evaluation; and Practice Sites of Social Case Work and Social Group Work with client groups and various settings (Children, Correctional, Health, Women, Persons with Disabilities, Older Persons, Oppressed Groups, Religious Minorities, Persons who are Gay & Lesbian, and other Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 13. Community Organization Essentials: Concept, Definition, Scope, and Historical Perspective in India, UK, and USA; The Role of Community-Based Organizations, Human Capital, & Social Capital. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 14. Community Organization Process and Practice: Steps in Community Organization, Methods, Principles, Skills, Assumptions, Record Maintenance, Involving NGOs in Community Organization; Approaches in Community Organization Practice – Models, Strategies, the role of Community-Based Organizations, Leadership Development and Leaders, Building Partnerships and coalitions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 15. Social Action as a Social Work Method: Concept, History, Social Action as a Method of Social Work; Models of Social Action (Conscientisation model of Paulo Freire, Role of ideology, Saul Alinsky as a radical community organizer, Liberation Theology). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 16. Social Movements and Social Change Analysis: Origin, Nature, Types of Movements, Theories of Movement, and new Social Movements; Social Movements, Social Action and Social Change, Movement Analysis (Ideology, Structure, Leadership, Process and Outcomes), and Analysis of ideology and approach of (Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Frantz Fanon). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 17. Foundations of Social Work Research: Meaning of Research; Social Science and Social Work Research: Meaning, Nature, and Scope. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 18. Quantitative Research Process in Social Science: Steps (Identifications and Formulations of Research Problem, Literature Review, Objectives and Hypothesis Formulation, Research Design, Sample Design), Sources, Methods and Tools of Data Collection, Processing and Analysis of Data, and Writing Research Reports including Presentations and Styles of References, Citing and Paraphrasing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 19. Basic Statistical Concepts in Quantitative Research: Process of statistical Enquiry and dealing with Descriptive and Inferential Statistical Methods, Parametric and Nonparametric Tests. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 20. Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research Approaches: Qualitative Research (Meaning, Basic tenets, Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Approach in social Work); Designing Qualitative Research (Steps, Methods: Field study, Case Study, Focus Group Discussions, Narratives, Observation, and Theoretic Research); Managing Qualitative Data (Procedures and Techniques of Analyzing Qualitative Data and Report Writing); and Mixed Method Research (Components, Procedures of Combing Quantitative and Qualitative research). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 21. Social Welfare Administration Overview: Meaning, History, Principles, Nature, and Type of Organizations; Distinction between Social Welfare Administration, Public administration, and Social Security administrations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 22. Welfare Agency Management and Structure: Registration of Welfare Agencies (Laws relating to Societies, Trust and Non – Profit organizations, Challenges); Structure of Social Welfare Administration (Service Providers, Administrative structures: Government and Non - Government), Organization and Management of Institutional Welfare Services. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 23. Core Administrative Components in Welfare Services: Planning, Coordination, Staff Recruitment, Training and Development, Recording and Documentation, Budgeting, Monitoring and Evaluation, Networking, and Maintaining Public Relations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 24. Administrative Strategies and Resource Management: Role of Social Workers in Decision Making Process, Communication, Role Description and Functioning, Sustainability of Programmes; Fund raising and Resource Mobilization (Grant-in-aid: Principles and Procedures), Resource Mobilization, Financial Administration, and Social Marketing – Process and Models. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 25. Social Policy Framework and Application: Social Policy (Concept, Goals, Scope, Context, Models, and applicability in Indian context); Historical Development (Evolution and Historical perspective of various Policies, Implementation of Social Policies especially for Marginalized and Vulnerable sections of the society). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 26. Policy Formulation and Social Planning Processes: Process of Policy Formulation (Determinants and Steps, Approaches to Social Policy formulation, Impact of changing Political Scenerio in a country); Social Planning (Concept, Objectives, Scope, Models, Interrelationship between Social and Economic Planning, Social Planning in India). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 27. Planning in India and Social Development Context: Five Year Plans (Changes in Social Planning with Five Years Plans in India, Social Planning and Social Change, Factors leading to development of planning in India), Roles and functions of Niti Aayog; Social Development (Positive and Negative Dimensions, Concept, Models and Theories, Historical and Social Context of Development in India). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 28. Sustainable Development Strategies and Indicators: Sustainable Development (Concept, Strategies, Critical issues, Salient Features of Social Development), Approaches to Social Development (Similarities and Differences); Strategic Development Goals, Human Development Index, and Indicators for Policies and Programmes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 29. Indian Constitution and Social Justice Foundations: Indian Constitution (Characteristics, Features, Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy and Articles); Social Justice (Concept, Definition, Historical Development, Dimensions, Manifestations, and Social Justice as a Core value of Social Work Profession). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 30. Social Justice in Action: Leadership and Instruments: Social Justice and Leadership (Community Building, Personal and Community Empowerment, Social Justice and Technology, Promoting a Plan and Vision for Change, Reflections and Connection, Social Reconstructions, Paradigms, Policies, Privileges, Implications of Social Justice for Policy Formulation); Instrument of Social Justice (Constitutional Base and Indian Legal System, Legal and Public Advocacy, Role of Civil Society as a Pressure group, Statutory bodies). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 31. Human Rights Framework and Indian Context: History of Human Rights (Concept and Historical Context), Human Rights Declarations, Treaties and Conventions, Human Rights and Protection Systems, and Human Rights in the Indian Context. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 32. Human Rights in Social Work Practice and Activism: Code of Ethics of Social work and Protection of Human Rights, Human Rights perspective in Social Work Practice, Ethnic sensitive practice, Feminist Practice, Social Work with Diverse Groups; Violation of Human Rights and Social work practice (Social Work with the Victims of Human Rights Violations and Human Rights Activism), Role of UNHCR, National Human Rights Commission, and International Human Rights Agencies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 33. Health Care Social Work and Mental Health: Medical Social Work and Psychiatric Social Work (Concept, Evolution, Roles, Functions / Responsibilities); Mental Health and Disease (Normal and abnormal behaviour, Epidemiology, Etiology, Types, Clinical Manifestation and Management of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Neurotic Disorders, stress related Disorders, Somatoform Disorders, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems, Legislations related to Mental Health). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 34. Social Work with Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities: Theories of Aging and Vulnerability (Psychological and Sociological Theories of Aging, Psychological, Social, Physical needs and problems of Older Persons, Rights of Older Persons against Neglect, Abuse, Violence and Abandonment) and Social Work Interventions; Persons with Disabilities (Models of Disability, Disability Movement – Historical Perspective, National and International Milestones from Welfare to Right based Approach, Legislative Measures and Social Work Interventions). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 35. Gender, Development, and Social Work Interventions: Gender and Development (Expressions of Gender Disparity in Education, Health, Property, Employment and Livelihood, Decision Making, Feminization of Poverty and Manifestations of Gender based Violence), Constitutional & Legislative Safeguards, and Social work Interventions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 36. Labour Welfare, HRM, Personnel Management & Industrial Relations: Historical background of Industrial Development as a sub-system of society; Concept of Labour Welfare (Nature, Objectives, Principles, Theories, Principles of labour welfare, Labour Legislations); Human Resource Management (HRM) (Concept, Scope, Evolution, Theories, Models, Sub-systems, Human Resources Development (HRD) - Performance Management System, Types, Six Sigma, ISO, Total Quality Management); Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Concept, Issues, Practices, Models, Components, Approaches and Corporate Governance); Personnel Management and Industrial Relations (Concept, Definition, Objectives, Scope, Functions, Determinants and Reflectors of Industrial Relations, Models of Industrial Relations, Globalization and Industry, International Labour Organization (ILO) Role, Functions; Collective Bargaining, Job Analysis, Manpower Planning, Organization Behaviour and Organization Development Interventions). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 37. Social Defence, Correctional Services, and Criminal Justice System: Social Defence (Concept, Philosophy and Changing Dimensions), Children in Need of Care and Protection, Juveniles in Conflict with law, Street and Working Children and Young Offenders, Probation and Parole, Emerging issues in Social Defence; Legislations and Criminal Justice System (Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, Immoral Traffic prevention Act 1986, Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, Beggary Prevention Act, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act 1986, Prison Act, and Criminal Justice System). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 38. Social Work with Families and Child Development Principles: Social Work with Families (Functions, Developmental Stages and Family patterns, Family Dynamics and Theoretical Models of Family Functioning: Circumflex model, Mc Master Model and Structural Model) and Social Work Interventions; Child Development (Concept, Philosophy and Historical context, State of Children in India - Demographic Profile, Education, and Protection). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 39. Policies, Programmes for Children, and Environmental Social Work: Policies & Programmes for Children (Constitutional Provisions, National Policy on Children, International perspective and UN convention an rights of children, Programmes and Legislative Measures related to Female Feticide, Adoption, Foster Care, Guardianship and Child Marriage) and Social Work Interventions; Environment and Social Work (Causes and Consequences, Differential impact on Women, Poor, Marginalised Groups and Indigenous Populations, Environment in the Human Rights Perspective, Environmental Movements and social work interventions in the management, protection and promotion of the environment). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work) Chpater 40. Social Work and Disaster Management: Disaster related concept and Definitions (Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and Disaster), different forms of natural & manmade disasters, Impact of Disaster and Disaster Management Initiatives, Pre and Post Disaster Interventions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Social Work)

Indian Culture Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Indian Culture Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Meaning and concepts of Culture: encompassing Traditional and Modern concepts, alongside Notions of Culture in textual tradition, and anthropological, archaeological, and sociological understanding of the term culture. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 2. Elements of Culture, the concept of Indianness, the value system, and the fundamental relation between culture and civilization. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 3. Historiography and approaches to the study of Indian Culture: including Stereotypes, Objectivity and Bias, and Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist, and Subaltern perspectives; also covering the Heritage of India and the world’s debt to Indian Culture. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 4. Archaeological Sources for the Study of Indian Culture: cultural remains, Monuments, Numismatics, and Epigraphy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 5. Literary sources and Oral traditions; Foreign Accounts; and Archival sources as means for the Study of Indian Culture. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 6. Pre-historic Stone age cultures, detailing palaeolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods, and Protohistoric cultures, including the chalcolithic horizon. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 7. Harappan Culture: addressing current debates on nomenclature and scripts, and detailing Town planning and architecture, art, social, religious, and economic life. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 8. The evolution of India’s main language families. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 9. Early Vedic and later Vedic ideas and institutions: covering social, religious, economic, political, and scientific aspects. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 10. Post Vedic developments: including Religious Movements, the emergence of states, Shramana traditions (Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivikas, and other sects), and the Education system and centres like Taxila and Kashi. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 11. Mauryan and Post-Mauryan Ideas and Institutions: examining Social, Religious, Economic, and Political structures; Ashoka’s Dhamma; and Scripts like Brahmi and Kharosthi. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 12. The Impact of Foreign Invasions on India; and the development of Art and Architecture during the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan periods. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 13. Literature of the Mauryan and Post-Mauryan period: featuring Arthasashtra, Manusmriti, Natyashastra, Panchatantra, Buddhacharit, and Saundarananda; alongside Scientific Achievements of Nagarjuna, Sushruta, and Charaka. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 14. The Education System and Centres during Mauryan and Post-Mauryan times; the Sangam Age, focusing on its Society and Culture; and India's Contacts with the outside world. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 15. Gupta and Post-Gupta Ideas and Institutions: exploring social, religious, philosophical, economic, and political dimensions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 16. Scientific Achievements (Mathematics, Astronomy, Metallurgy) and Art and Architecture (evolution of Temples, Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh) during the Gupta and Post-Gupta period. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 17. Literature of the Gupta and Post-Gupta era: Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Bharavi, Magha, Bhavabhuti, Dandi; Canonical Texts such as Vishnu Dharmottara Purana; the Education system and centres like Nalanda and Valabhi; and Contacts with the outside world. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 18. Early Medieval Society: Legacies of Classical ideas, emergence of new trends, Proliferation of castes, outcastes, Vishti (forced labour), Slavery, and the Position of women; Polity characterized by feudalism; and Economy marked by de-urbanization and an agrarian system. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 19. Religion in the Early Medieval Period: Vedic-Puranic traditions, Shramana tradition, Tantra, Bhakti movements; Philosophical thoughts including Shaddarshana; notable Philosophers like Shankara and Ramanuja; and the Pilgrimmage tradition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 20. Art and Architecture in Early Medieval India, featuring Nagara, Dravida, Bhumija, and Vesara styles; Education system and centres such as Vikramashila and Nalanda; and Scientific achievements in Mathematics and Astronomy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 21. Literature of the Early Medieval Period: Kalhana’s Rajatarangini and Al-Birunis’ Kitabul Hind; India's Contacts with Islam; and Canonical texts like Samaranganasutradhara, Manasara, Bhuvanapradeepa, and Sadhanamala. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 22. Delhi Sultanate - Ideas and Institutions: Political structures like Iqta and the impact of the new ruling class on society; Economic aspects including market reforms, growth of new urban centres, percolation of Islam in rural areas, resistance and acceptance, and the Extent of slavery. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 23. Religion in the Sultanate Period: Acharya traditions, the Bhakti tradition featuring Kabir and Ravidas, and the emergence of Sufism, particularly the Chishti and Suhrawardy orders. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 24. Art and Architecture during the Sultanate Period: emergence of the Sultanate school of architecture and paintings, regional styles, and various religious and secular structures; Literature encompassing Sanskrit, Persian, Regional languages, and the emergence of Hindawi (Amir Khusrau, Chandabardai); and the Education system. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 25. Vijay Nagar Empire: its Ideas and Institutions, particularly the political system of Nayankara; its Art and Architecture, Literature, and Educational institutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 26. Mughal Ideas and Institutions: Polity aspects such as Mansab and Jagir, and Watan Jagir; Economic systems like Zamindari and Zabt; and Society, including the Aristocracy, emergence of middle classes, labourers, Slaves, and the Position of Women. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 27. Religion and Philosophy in the Mughal Period: the growth of Vaishnava Bhakti, Panthiesm, and Sufi traditions like Sulh-i kul and Naqshabandis; key religious figures including Gurunanaka, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Meerabai, Narayanabhatta, and Raghunandana. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 28. Literature during the Mughal Period: development in Sanskrit, Persian, and vernacular languages, featuring Tulasidasa, Suradasa, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanan, Abdul Fazl, Faizi, Badauni, and Banarasidas (Ardhakathanaka); and the Translation of religious texts by Akbar and Dara-Shukoh. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 29. Art and Architecture in the Mughal era: Emergence of Mughal Schools; Temples of Vrindavan such as Gobinda Deva and Keshava Das Temple; and Four Quarter Gardens; Education, including the introduction of new education curricullum from Akbar’s period onwards (Dars-inizami), and religious syncretism in coinage, miniatures, and structures. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 30. Science and Technology during the Mughal Period: Introduction of mechanical devices, pindrum gearing, and the astrolabe; Sawai Jai Singh’s observatories; and the Arrival of Europeans (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French) and their impact. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 31. Emergence of successor states and their cultural developments in the Modern Period: Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, and Rajputana. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 32. The Impact of Western ideas and Indian responses: European studies of India, including the work of William Jones and the Asiatic Society, Fort William College, and the influence of Christian missionaries. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 33. The Emergence and Development of the New Education System during the Modern Period. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 34. The Indian Cultural Renaissance and Socio-Religious reform movements: focusing on Reformists such as the Brahama Samaja, Aligarh Movement, Ramakrishna Mission, and Theosophical Society. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 35. Revivalist movements like the Wahabi and Arya Samaj Movement; alongside Dalit Movements and Sikh reform movements. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 36. Administrative Measures undertaken in the Modern Period: specifically legislation concerning women, education, and social evils. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 37. Literature in the Modern Period: the emergence of Shahr Ashob as a genre. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 38. Prominent Urdu literary figures (Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal) and Hindi literary figures (Bhartendu Harishchand, Prem Chand) of the Modern Period. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 39. Key Bengali literary figures (Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, Qazi Nazrul Islam) of the Modern Period. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture) Chpater 40. Science and Technology in the Modern Period: the emergence of modern science and technology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Indian Culture)

Adult Education Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Adult Education Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Adult, Continuing Education: Pre And Post Independent India; and Adult Education Perspectives: Asian, Latin American, European and American. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 2. Extension Education and Services in India: Phases and Movements; Extension as “Third Dimension” of Higher Education; and New approaches in Extension Education and Services in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 3. National Open school, Field organisation practices; and the Need, concept, types and characteristics of Lifelong Learning programmes in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 4. Opportunities for Lifelong Learning and Extension; Agencies in Lifelong Learning in and outside India; and Comparative Studies in Adult Education: Parameters, Trends and Analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 5. Liberal, Behaviouristic, Progressive, Humanistic, Radical and Analytical approaches of Adult Education; and Social and educational perspectives of Tagore, Gandhi, Vivekananda, Radhakrishnan, Ambedkar and other Indian thinkers. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 6. Androgogy and Pedagogy; Attributes and distinctive features of adult learning and development; and Motivational aspects of adult learning, values in Adult Education, and challenges of contemporary society. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 7. Individual Vs. Group learning approaches in Adult Education; Experiences and learning from agriculture, home science, community health and technology; and Learning needs of diverse group of adult learners. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 8. Theories of adult learning; Professionalization of adult education; and Prior learning: Concept, issues and challenges, Equivalence and academic credit for continuing education courses. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 9. Education: Status, challenges and alternatives; and Guidance and counselling: Individual and group counselling. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 10. Emergence of distance learning, autonomous learning and online learning; and Transformational learning: Use of different media in education, ICT, World wide Web, Mobile technologies, multimedia packages, Computer Aided Learning (CAL), Audio-visual aids. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 11. Digital India, Swayam, MOOC courses, UDAAN, e-library; and Virtual learners and virtual learning centers. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 12. ICT in handling information: storage, retrieval and dissemination of information; Online teaching, challenges and benefits of online learning; and Differentiated instructions in an online environment. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 13. Meaning, definition of curriculum: need for curriculum, curriculum theory and practice; Identification of needs and interests of lifelong learners; and Objectives of curriculum development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 14. Principles of curriculum development and its approaches; Curriculum planning: need and implementation; and Evaluation: process-product-feedback mechanism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 15. Curriculum development-supporting systems; Teaching methods; and Teaching and learning materials and aids for Lifelong Learning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 16. Preparation of books and audio visual material for neo-literates: processes, contents and field testing of materials; and Agencies engaged in preparation of materials, type of teaching-learning materials: print, on-line and off-line. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 17. Concept, principles and functions of management; and Programme planning, organisation and control. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 18. Job specifications of personnel engaged in University-community engagement, Skill development, Continuing education & other extension programmes; and Training and development: Family-based, Off the job & on the job. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 19. Training of functionaries in adult, continuing education, lifelong education through participatory approach; and Skill development imitatives : State-promoted, NGO-promoted and Public Private Partnerships (PPP). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 20. Field skills, teaching methods of adults, training methods for training for functionaries; Management of a training programme; and Evaluation of social development programmes. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 21. Concept, methods and practices of communication; and Models: agriculture, community health, educational and social marketing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 22. Modes of communication; conventional and ICT-driven; and People’s participation in development. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 23. People’s organisation (community based organisation, state promoted organisation); and Programmes: individual centric and group centric. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 24. Development communication planning and operationalization; Emerging technologies in communication for social development; and Communication in extension: government, semi-government, nongovernment, corporate agencies etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 25. Development and its indicators, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and Population Education: Concept and paradigm shifts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 26. Social and distributive justice; and Issues of marginalization and pedagogy: women, tribals, minorities, transgender, aged and persons with disability. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 27. Value based education; Inequality in social system and social mobility; and Interventions in specific concern areas of children, bonded labour and gender. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 28. Interventions in general areas of concern: water, health, energy, disaster and environment; and Social and professional ethics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 29. Concept, scope, policy and programmes of vocational education and skill development; and Market requirements and skilling status. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 30. Operationalization of the concept of vocational education in adult, continuing education and Lifelong Learning through state supported structures like Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and non state supported structures of Industrial and Bussiness houses. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 31. Emergence of Micro-enterprises like Self Help groups and Mega-enterprises like SEWA; and Skilling India: Skill sectors, National Skill Development policy, programme, and implementation mechanism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 32. Structure of skilling programmes, certification and equivalence; Make-In India, Start-up, Stand Up, Mudra Banks, Entrepreneurship; and Analysis of such efforts at micro and mega level. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 33. Philosophical Roots, history, elements and significance of social science research; Qualitative and quantitative action research; and Research Design: Meaning and Types; Descriptive, Analytical, Exploratary, Basic, Applied, Action, Survey and case study research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 34. Sources of data: primary and secondary; and Collection of Secondary Data: Historical Documents, Archival Material, Published Sources, Journals, Internet Sources, Census, NSS and Statistical Reports. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 35. Population and Sampling, Data Collection and its tools, organisation of research, analysis, generalization and report writing; Documentation and dissemination of the research work; and Content Analysis, Survey and Case studies. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 36. Currents trends of research in adult and continuing education (national and international); Emerging areas of research in adult and continuing education and extension; and Ethical concerns in social science research. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 37. Beyond literacy and numeracy; Resolving the dilemmas of institutional and non-institutional learning; and Localising the learning and cultural context of a learner. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 38. Harmonizing the skill of individual with the potential employers; Personalised and customised educational opportunities of adult learner; and Network based learning. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 39. Open option based learning; Building learning communities; and Search for an ever-evolving educational policy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension) Chpater 40. Towards a learning society. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Adult And Continuing Education And Extension)

Political Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Political Science Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Political Theory Concepts (Part 1): Liberty, Equality, Justice, and Rights. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 2. Political Theory Concepts (Part 2): Democracy, Power, and Citizenship. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 3. Political Traditions (Part 1): Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, and Marxism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 4. Political Traditions (Part 2): Feminism, Ecologism, Multiculturalism, and Postmodernism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 5. Political Thought (Ancient to Early Modern): Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, and Machiavelli. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 6. Political Thought (Social Contract and Enlightenment): Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Hegel. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 7. Political Thought (19th and 20th Century): Mary Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and Gramsci. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 8. Political Thought (Contemporary): Hannah Arendt, Frantz Fanon, Mao Zedong, and John Rawls. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 9. Indian Political Thought (Ancient and Medieval Texts & Thinkers): Dharamshastra, Kautilya, Aggannasutta, Barani, and Kabir. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 10. Indian Political Thought (Social Reformers and Early Nationalists): Pandita Ramabai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Swami Vivekanand, Rabindranath Tagore, and M.K Gandhi. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 11. Indian Political Thought (Diverse Modern Thinkers): Sri Aurobindo, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, Muhammad Iqbal, M.N.Roy, and V D Savarkar. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 12. Indian Political Thought (Post-Independence Thinkers and Leaders): Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, J L Nehru, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jaya Prakash Narayan, and Deendayal Upadhyaya. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 13. Comparative Political Analysis Approaches: Institutional, Political Culture, Political Economy and New Institutionalism; alongside Comparative Methods. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 14. Colonialism, Decolonization, and Nationalism: Covering forms of colonialism, anti-colonial struggles and decolonization; and Nationalism: European and non-European. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 15. State Theory in Comparative Analysis: The debate over the nature of state in capitalist and socialist societies; the post-colonial state; the welfare state; and globalization and nations-states. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 16. Political Regimes in Comparative Analysis: democratic (Electoral, Liberal, Majoritarian and Participatory) and non-democratic regimes (Patrimonialism, Bureaucratic authoritarianism, Military dictatorship, Totalitarianism, and fascist). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 17. Constitutions and Constitutionalism in Comparative Politics: forms of constitutions, rule of law, judicial independence and liberal constitutionalism; emergency powers and crisis of constitutionalism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 18. Democratisation and Development in Comparative Politics: Democratisation, including democratic transition and consolidation; and Development, covering Underdevelopment, Dependency, Modernization, World Systems Theory, development and democracy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 19. Structures of Power and Key Political Actors in Comparative Politics: Structures of Power, including ruling class, power elites, democratic elitism; and Actor and Processes, specifically Electoral Systems, Political Parties and Party System, and Interest groups. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 20. Social Mobilization and Change in Comparative Politics: Actor and Processes continued, covering Social movements, new social movements, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and civil society campaigns; and Revolutions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 21. Approaches to the study of International relations (Part 1): Idealism, Realism, Structural Marxism, Neoliberalism, and Neorealism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 22. Approaches to the study of International relations (Part 2) and Core Concepts: Social Constructivism, Critical International Theory, Feminism, Postmodernism; and Concepts: State, state system and non-state actors, Power, Sovereignty, Security: traditional and non- traditional. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 23. Conflict and Peace in International Relations: Changing Nature of Warfare; Weapons of mass destruction; deterrence; conflict resolution, conflict transformation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 24. The United Nations, International Law, and Justice: United Nations: Aims, Objectives, Structure and Evaluation of the Working of UN; Peace and Development perspectives; Humanitarian intervention. International law; International Criminal Court. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 25. Political Economy of IR and Regional Organisations: Political Economy of IR; Globalisation; Global governance and Bretton Woods system, North-South Dialogue, WTO, G-20, BRICS. Regional Organisations: European Union, African Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 26. Contemporary Challenges in International Relations: International terrorism, Climate change and Environmental Concerns, Human Rights, Migration and Refugees; Poverty and Development; Role of Religion, Culture and Identity Politics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 27. Perspectives, Continuity, Change, and Policies in India’s Foreign Policy: Perspectives on India’s Foreign Policy: India’s Identity as postcolonial, development, rising power and as emerging political economy; Continuity and change in India’s Foreign Policy: Principles and determinants; Non-Alignment movement: historical background and relevance of Non Aligned Movement; India’s Nuclear Policy. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 28. India’s Relations with Major Powers and Engagement with a Multipolar World: India’s relations with major powers: USA, USSR/Russia, People’s Republic of China; India’s Engagement with multipolar world: India’s relations with European Union, BRICS, ASEAN, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, African Union, Southern African Development Community, Gulf Cooperation Council. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 29. India’s Neighbourhood Relations and Negotiation Strategies: India’s relations with neighbourhood: SAARC, Gujaral doctrine, Look East / Act East, Look West. India’s Negotiation Strategies in International Regimes: The United Nations, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 30. Contemporary Challenges to India’s Foreign Policy: maritime security, energy security, environmental security, migrants and refugees, water resources, international terrorism, cyber security. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 31. Foundations of the Indian Polity: Making of the Indian Constitution: Colonialism heritage and the contribution Indian National Movement to the making of the Indian Constitution; Constituent Assembly: Composition, Ideological Moorings, Constitutional Debates; Philosophy of the Constitution: Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles; Constitutionalism in India: Democracy, Social Change, National Unity, Checks and Balances, Basic Structure Debate, Constitutional Amendments. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 32. Key Political Institutions in India (Union and State Level): Union Executive: President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; Union Parliament: Structure, Role and Functioning, Parliamentary Committees; Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Court, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, Judicial Reform; Executive and Legislature in the States: Governor, Chief Minister, State Legislature. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 33. Federalism, Elections, Local Governance, and Oversight Bodies in India: Federalism in India: Strong Centre Framework, Asymmetrical Federal Provisions and Adaption, Role of Intergovernmental Coordination Mechanisms, Inter-State Council, Emerging Trends; Electoral Process and Election Commission of India: Conduct of Elections, Rules, Electoral Reforms; Local Government Institutions: Functioning and reforms; Constitutional and Statutory Bodies: Comptroller and Auditor General, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Human Rights, National Commission for Women, National Commission for Minorities. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 34. State, Economy, Development, and Globalisation in India: State, Economy and Development: Nature of Indian State, Development Planning model, New Economic Policy, Growth and Human Development; Process of globalisation: social and economic implications. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 35. Identity Politics, Social Movements, and Civil Society in India: Identity Politics: Religion, Tribe, Caste, Region, Language; Social Movements: Dalit, Tribal, Women, Farmers, labour; Civil Society Groups: Non-Party Social Formations, Non-Governmental Organisations, Social Action Groups. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 36. Regionalisation, Gender, Political Parties, and Electoral Dynamics in India: Regionalisation of Indian Politics: Reorganisation of Indian States, States as Political and Economic Units, Sub-State Regions, Regional disparities, Demand for New States; Gender and Politics in India: Issues of Equality and Representation; Ideology and Social basis of Political Parties: National Parties, State Parties; Electoral Politics: Participation, Contestation, Representation, Emerging trends. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 37. Fundamentals and Approaches in Public Administration: Public Administration: meaning and evolution; public and private administration; Approaches: System Theory, Decision Making, Ecological Approach; Public administration theories and concepts: Scientific Management Theory, Rational Choice theory, New Public Administration, Development Administration, Comparative Public Administration, New Public Management, changing nature of Public Administration in the era of liberalisation and Globalisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 38. Organisational Theories and Management in Public Administration: Theories and Principles of Organization: Scientific Management Theory, Bureaucratic Theory, Human Relations Theory; Managing the organization: Theories of leadership and motivation; Organisational Communication: Theories and Principles, Chester Bernard Principles of Communication, Information Management in the organization; Managing Conflict in the Organization: Mary Parker Follett; Management by Objectives- Peter Drucker. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 39. Governance, Accountability, and Control Mechanisms in India: Governance, good governance and democratic governance, role of state, civil society and individuals; Accountability and control: Institutional mechanism for checks and balances, legislative control over executive, administrative and budgetary control, control through parliamentary committees, judicial control over legislature and executive, administrative culture, corruption and administrative reforms; Institutional mechanisms for good governance: Right to Information, Consumer Protection Act, Citizen Charter; Grievance redress system: Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science) Chpater 40. Grassroots Governance, Planning, Public Policy, and Evaluation in India: Grassroots Governance: Panchayati Raj Institutions and their functioning; Planning and Development: Decentralised planning, planning for development, sustainable development, participatory development, e-governance; NITI Aayog; Public policy as an instrument of socio-economic development: public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE; Monitoring and evaluation of public policy; mechanisms of making governance process accountable: jansunwai, social audit. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Political Science)

Forensic Science Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Forensic Science Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Syllabus: 1. Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and Weathering. 2. Geomorphic Cycle (Davis and Penck); Theories and Process of Slope Development. 3. Earth Movements (seismicity, folding, faulting and vulcanicity). 4. Landform Occurrence and Causes of Geomorphic Hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and avalanches). 5. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere; Insolation, Heat Budget of Earth; Temperature, Pressure and Winds. 6. Atmospheric Circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation); cyclones and anticyclones (tropical and temperate). 7. Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite; ENSO Events (El Nino, La Nina and Southern Oscillations). 8. Meteorological Hazards and Disasters (Cyclones, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Heat and Cold waves, Drought and Cloudburst, Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF)); Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past; Human impact on Global Climate. 9. Relief of Oceans; Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity; Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides. 10. Sea Level Changes; Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone. 11. Components: Ecosystem (Geographic Classification) and Human Ecology; Functions: Trophic Levels, Energy Flows, Cycles (geo-chemical, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid. 12. Human Interaction and Impacts; Environmental Ethics and Deep Ecology. 13. Environmental Hazards and Disasters (Global Warming, Urban Heat Island, Atmospheric Pollution, Water Pollution, Land Degradation). 14. National Programmes and Policies: Legal Framework, Environmental Policy; International Treaties, International Programmes and Polices (Brundtland Commission, Kyoto Protocol, Agenda 21, Sustainable Development Goals, Paris Agreement). 15. Population Geography: Sources of population data (census, sample surveys and vital statistics, data reliability and errors); World Population Distribution (measures, patterns and determinants); World Population Growth (prehistoric to modern period). 16. Demographic Transition; Theories of Population Growth (Malthus, Sadler, and Ricardo); Fertility and Mortality Analysis (indices, determinants and world patterns). 17. Migration (types, causes and consequences and models); Population Composition and Characteristics (age, sex, rural-urban, occupational structure and educational levels); Population Policies in Developed and Developing Countries. 18. Settlement Geography: Rural Settlements (types, patterns and distribution); Contemporary Problems of Rural Settlements (rural-urban migration; land use changes; land acquisition and transactions); Theories of Origin of Towns (Gordon Childe, Henri Pirenne, Lewis Mumford). 19. Characteristics and Processes of Urbanization in Developed and Developing Countries (factors of urban growth, trends of urbanisation, size, structure and functions of urban areas); Urban Systems (the law of the primate city and rank size rule); Central Place Theories (Christaller and Losch). 20. Internal Structure of the City, Models of Urban Land Use (Burgess, Harris and Ullman, and Hoyt); Concepts of Megacities, Global Cities and Edge Cities; Changing Urban Forms (peri-urban areas, rural-urban fringe, suburban, ring and satellite towns); Social Segregation in the City; Urban Social Area Analysis; Manifestation of Poverty in the City (slums, informal sector growth, crime and social exclusion). 21. Economic Geography: Factors affecting spatial organisation of economic activities (primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary); Natural Resources (classification, distribution and associated problems), Natural Resources Management; World Energy Crises in Developed and Developing Countries. 22. Agricultural Geography: Land capability classification and Land Use Planning; Cropping Pattern: Methods of delineating crop combination regions (Weaver, Doi and Rafiullah), Crop diversification; Von Thunen’s Model of Land Use Planning; Measurement and Determinants of Agricultural Productivity, Regional variations in Agricultural Productivity; Agricultural Systems of the World. 23. Industrial Geography: Classification of Industries, Factors of Industrial Location; Theories of Industrial Location (A. Weber, E. M. Hoover, August Losch, A. Pred and D. M. Smith); World Industrial Regions; Impact of Globalisation on manufacturing sector in Less Developed Countries; Tourism Industry; World distribution and growth of Information And Communication Technology (ICT) and Knowledge Production (Education and R & D) Industries. 24. Geography of Transport and Trade: Theories and Models of spatial interaction (Edward Ullman and M. E. Hurst); Measures and Indices of connectivity and accessibility; Spatial Flow Models: Gravity Model and its variants; World Trade Organisation, Globalisation and Liberalisation and World Trade Patterns; Problems and Prospects of Inter and Intra Regional Cooperation and Trade. 25. Regional Development: Typology of Regions, Formal and Fictional Regions, World Regional Disparities; Theories of Regional Development (Albert O. Hirschman, Gunnar Myrdal, John Friedman, Dependency theory of Underdevelopment); Global Economic Blocks; Regional Development and Social Movements in India. 26. Cultural and Social Geography: Concept of Culture, Cultural Complexes, Areas and Region, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Ecology; Cultural Convergence; Social Structure and Processes; Social Well-being and Quality of Life; Social Exclusion. 27. Spatial distribution of social groups in India (Tribe, Caste, Religion and Language); Environment and Human Health, Diseases Ecology, Nutritional Status (etiological conditions, classification and spatial and seasonal distributional patterns with special reference to India); Health Care Planning and Policies in India; Medical Tourism in India. 28. Political Geography: Boundaries and Frontiers (with special reference to India); Heartland and Rimland Theories; Trends and Developments in Political Geography; Geography of Federalism. 29. Electoral Reforms in India, Determinants of Electoral Behaviour; Geopolitics of Climate Change; Geopolitics of World Resources; Geo-politics of India Ocean; Regional Organisations of Cooperation (SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, EU); Neopolitics of World Natural Resources. 30. Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian Scholars; Contributions of Geographers (Bernhardus Varenius, Immanuel Kant, Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Scheafer & Hartshorne); Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought. 31. Contemporary trends in Indian Geography: Cartography, Thematic and Methodological contributions; Major Geographic Traditions (Earth Science, manenvironment relationship, area studies and spatial analysis). 32. Dualisms in Geographic Studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, ideographic vs. nomothetic); Paradigm Shift; Perspectives in Geography (Positivism, Behaviouralism, Humanism, Structuralism, Feminism and Postmodernism). 33. Sources of Geographic Information and Data (spatial and non-spatial); Types of Maps; Techniques of Map Making (Choropleth, Isarithmic, Dasymetric, Chorochromatic, Flow Maps); Data Representation on Maps (Pie diagrams, Bar diagrams and Line Graph). 34. GIS Database (raster and vector data formats and attribute data formats); Functions of GIS (conversion, editing and analysis); Digital Elevation Model (DEM); Georeferencing (coordinate system and map projections and Datum); GIS Applications (thematic cartography, spatial decision support system). 35. Basics of Remote Sensing (Electromagnetic Spectrum, Sensors and Platforms, Resolution and Types, Elements of Air Photo and Satellite Image Interpretation and Photogrammetry); Types of Aerial Photographs; Digital Image Processing: Developments in Remote Sensing Technology and Big Data Sharing and its applications in Natural Resources Management in India; GPS Components (space, ground control and receiver segments) and Applications. 36. Applications of Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion and Inequalities; Sampling, Sampling Procedure and Hypothesis Testing (chi square test, t test, ANOVA); Time Series Analysis; Correlation and Regression Analysis; Measurement of Indices, Making Indicators Scale Free, Computation of Composite Index; Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis; Morphometric Analysis: Ordering of Streams, Bifurcation Ratio, Drainage Density and Drainage Frequency, Basin Circularity Ratio and Form Factor, Profiles, Slope Analysis, Clinographic Curve, Hypsographic Curve and Altimetric Frequency Graph. 37. Major Physiographic Regions and their Characteristics; Drainage System (Himalayan and Peninsular); Climate: Seasonal Weather Characteristics, Climatic Divisions, Indian Monsoon (mechanism and characteristics), Jet Streams and Himalayan Cryosphere; Types and Distribution of Natural Resources: Soil, Vegetation, Water, Mineral and Marine Resources. 38. Population Characteristics (spatial patterns of distribution), Growth and Composition (rural-urban, age, sex, occupational, educational, ethnic and religious); Determinants of Population; Population Policies in India. 39. Agriculture (Production, Productivity and Yield of Major Food Crops), Major Crop Regions, Regional Variations in Agricultural Development, Environmental, Technological and Institutional Factors affecting Indian Agriculture; Agro-Climatic Zones, Green Revolution, Food Security and Right to Food; Industrial Development since Independence, Industrial Regions and their characteristics, Industrial Policies in India. 40. Development and Patterns of Transport Networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways and pipelines); Internal and External Trade (trend, composition and directions); Regional Development Planning in India; Globalisation and its impact on Indian Economy; Natural Disasters in India (Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Tsunami, Himalayan Highland Hazards and Disasters).

Anthropology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Anthropology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Introduction to Anthropology & Research Foundations: History, development, aim, and scope of Anthropology; its relationship with other sciences; different branches of Anthropology (including Linguistic Anthropology) and their interrelationship; Resea (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 2. Fieldwork Traditions & Core Methods: Fieldwork and fieldwork tradition; Ethnography, Observation, Interview, Case Study, Life History, Focus group, PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal), Genealogical Method. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 3. Advanced Field Methods & Data Collection: Schedules and Questionnaires, Grounded Theory, Exploration and Excavation, GIS (Geographic Information Systems). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 4. Statistical Analysis & Interpretation Techniques: Statistics: concept of variables, sampling, measures of central tendency and dispersion; Parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate (linear regression and logistic regression) statistical tests; Techniques of Analysis: Content analysis, Discourse analysis, and Narratives. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 5. Theories of Evolution & Primate Radiation: Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, neutral theory of molecular evolution; Concept of cladogenesis and anagenesis, punctuated equilibrium, selection; Trends in Primate radiation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 6. Primate Diversity & Characteristics: Primate classification and distribution of extinct and extant species; Characteristics of primates: morphological (hair), skeletal (cranial, post cranial, dental, brain), physical (opposability of thumb), locomotion (quadrupedalism, brachiation and bipedalism) and posture, Primate social behaviour; Extant Primates Distribution, characteristics and classification: Prosimii (Tarsiioidea, Lorisoidea, Lemuroidea), Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea); Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Orangutan and Gibbon. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 7. Fossil Primates & Early Hominin Evolution: Fossils of extinct Primates Oligocene-Miocene fossils – Parapithecus; Gigantopithecus, Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus; Pre-hominid groups: Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Toumai), Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus; Early Hominids: Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus ramidus, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) boisei, Australopithecus (Paranthropous) robustus, Australopithecus bahrelghazali; Early Transitional Human: Homo habilis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 8. Homo Erectus, Archaic & Modern Humans: Hominid Evolution Characteristics and distribution of Homo erectus in general, Special reference to the fossil evidences discovered from Africa (Turkana boy), Asia (Java man and Peking man), Europe (Dmanisi), Homo floresiensis (Dwarf variety); Characteristics of Archaic sapiens with special reference to Europe (Homo heidelbergensis), Africa (Rhodesian Man), Asia (China, Jinniushan; India, Narmada Man); Neandertal man: Distribution, salient features and phylogenetic position; Characteristics of anatomically Modern Homo sapiens with special reference to Africa (Omo), Europe (Cro-magnon, Chancelade, Grimaldi), Asia (Jinniushan) and Australia (Lake Mungo); Dispersal of modern humans: Out of Africa hypothesis, Multiregional hypothesis, Partial Replacement hypothesis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 9. Modern Human Variation & Indian Populations: Modern Human Variation: Typological Model, Populational Model and Clinal Model; overview of Classification proposed by Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell; Ethnic Classification and distribution of Indian Populations: H.H. Risley; B. S. Guha; S. S. Sarkar; Linguistic distribution of ethnic groups. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 10. Human Genetics Study Methods & Cytogenetics: Methods of studying Human Genetics: Cytogenetics, Mendelian Genetics, Twin Genetics, Sib Pair methods, Population Genetics, Molecular Genetics; Cytogenetics: cell cycle, standard karyotyping and banding techniques (G, C and Q), chromosomal abnormalities, fluorescent in situ hybridization, Lyon’s hypothesis, importance of telomere and centromere; Linkage and chromosome mapping, genetic imprinting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 11. Modes of Inheritance & Polygenic Traits: Modes of inheritance: Autosomal (dominant, recessive, codominance), sex linked, sex influenced, sex limited, modifying genes, suppressor genes, selfish gene, multiple allelic inheritance, multifactorial inheritance (stature and skin colour), polygenic (dermatoglyphics- Finger-ball Pattern types, Dankmeijer’s Index, Furuhata’s Index and Pattern Intensity Index, Total Finger Ridge Count, Absolute Finger Ridge Count, Palmar formula and mainline index, transversality, atd angle and flexion creases). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 12. Population & Molecular Genetics: Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, definition and application; mating patterns (random, assortative and consanguineous), inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolate, genetic drift, genetic distance); genetic polymorphism (balanced and transient); Molecular genetics: DNA, RNA, genetic code, protein structure and synthesis, concepts of RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, and SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA, genic and genomic mutations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 13. Human Growth, Development & Maturation: Human Growth, development and maturation: definition, concepts; Basic principles of growth; phases of growth: Prenatal and postnatal (growth and development of different body parts, subcutaneous tissues and physiological variables); Growth curves: Velocity, Distance, Acceleration and Scammon’s Growth curve; Catch up and Catch down growth; Aging and senescence with special reference to somatic, skeletal and dental maturation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 14. Factors in Growth, Study Methods & Body Composition: Factors affecting growth: Genetic and Environmental; Secular trends in growth; Methods of studying human growth: Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Mixed longitudinal, Linked longitudinal; Body composition: Bone mass, body mass, percentage of body fat, segmental fat, body age. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 15. Human Adaptation & Somatotyping: Human Adaptation: Allen’s and Bergmann’s rule; Human Adaptability Programme; human adaptation to heat, cold, high altitude; Somatotyping: Concept, Development (Kretschmer, Sheldon, Parnoll, Health-Carter) and its application. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 16. Demography & Anthropological Demography: Demography: Multidisciplinary nature of demography and its relation with other disciplines; Relationship between demography and anthropological demography; Fertility (concept and determinants), Morbidity and mortality (concept and determinants), Migration (concept and determinants), Selection intensity. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 17. Prehistoric Archaeology Concepts, Paradigms & Dating: Concept of prehistoric archaeology; ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology, environmental archaeology, settlement archaeology, cognitive archaeology, geo-archaeology, action archaeology; Theoretical paradigms – descriptive to scientific period to interpretative period; Dating: Typology, seriation, geo-archaeological, obsidian hydration, chemical dating of bones, oxygen isotope, fluorine estimation, dendrochronology, radio-carbon, fission track, thermoluminescence, potassium-argon, varve clay, cross dating, amino acid racemization, palaeomagnetic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 18. Paleoenvironment & Site Formation: Paleoenvironment: Major geological stages (Tertiary, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Holocene); Major climatic changes during Pleistocene and post Pleistocene periods, glacial and interglacial periods, ice age, pluvial and inter-pluvial climatic phases; Evidences of quarternary climatic changes (moraines, varve, river terraces, loess, sea level changes, beach sequences, sea core, fluviatile deposits, palynology, palaeontology); Site formation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 19. Lithic Tool Typology & Technology: Lithic tool typology and technology: Lower Palaeolithic (pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, bifaces, handaxes and cleavers); Middle Palaeolithic (Clactonean, Levalloisian and Mousterian flakes, discoid cores, tortoise core, fluted core, scrapers, point); Upper Palaeolithic (blade, knife, blunted back, borer, burin, points); Mesolithic (microliths); Neolithic (ring stone, grind stone, celt, adze). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 20. European Lithic Cultures & Near East Neolithic: Overview of Lithic Cultures of Europe: Lower Palaeolithic: Acheulian culture; Middle Palaeolithic: Mousterian culture; Upper Palaeolithic: Perigordian, Chatelperronian, Gravettian, Aurignacian, Solutrian, Magdalenian; Mesolithic: Azilian, Tardenoisean, Maglamosean, Kitchen Midden, Natufian; Early Farming Cultures and Neolithic of the Near East: Sites like Jericho, Jarmo, Çatal Huyuk, Shanidar. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 21. Indian Palaeolithic Cultures: Lower Palaeolithic Period in India Pebble tool culture: Soan Acheulian culture: Madrasian (Kortalayar Valley), Attirmpakkam, Didwana, Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, Krishna Valley; Importance of Hathnora, Narmada valley; Middle Palaeolithic period in India: Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Narmada valley; Upper Palaeolithic period in India: Renigunta, Billa Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Belan Valleys, Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan Valley. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 22. Indian Mesolithic & Neolithic Periods: Mesolithic period in India: Mesolithic economy and society; Post Pleistocene environmental changes; Development in microlithic technology, composite tools and bows and arrows; Sites include Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Bagor, Chopani Mando, Bhimbetka, Sarai Nahar Rai, Birbhanpur; Neolithic Period in India: Economic and social consequences of food production; Settlements, population growth, craft specializations, class formation and political institutions; Sites like Burzahom, Gufkral, Ahar, Gilund, Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Eran, Nevasa, Chandoli, Daimabad, Inamgaon, Prakash, Maski, Brahmagiri, Sangankallu, Tekkalkota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Daojali Hading, Kuchai, Sarutadu. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 23. Prehistoric Art, Indus Civilization & Pottery Traditions in India: Prehistoric Cave art from India: Bhimbetka, Adamgarh; Indus Civilization: Expansion of village sites; Development of metal technology, art and writing; Architecture and city planning; Stages and theories of decline; Sites like Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi; Pottery and Traditions: Ochre Coloured Pottery (OCP), Black and Red ware, Painted Grey Ware (PGW), Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP); Distribution of the pottery types and period. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 24. Bronze/Copper Age, Iron Age & Megaliths in India: Bronze/Copper Age: General characteristics, distribution, people; Iron Age and Urban Revolution: General characteristics, distribution, people; Megaliths: concept and types (menhir, dolmen, topical, cist, cairn circle, sarcophagi). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 25. Core Concepts in Social Anthropology (Culture & Society): Conceptual Understanding of Social Anthropology: Culture: Attributes, Holism, Universals, Acculturation, Enculturation, Transculturation, Culture Change, Culture Shock, Cultural Relativism, Civilization, Folk-Urban Continuum, Great and Little Tradition, Cultural Pluralism and World-View; Society: Groups, Institutions, Associations, Community, Status and Role; Incest; Endogamy and Exogamy; Rites of passage. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 26. Social Institutions (Family & Marriage): Social Institutions: Family: Definitions, universality of the family; Typological and Processual methods of studying the family; Types of family – conjugal-natal, consanguineal, nuclear, joint, extended; Rules of residence – Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Ambilocal, Bilocal, Neolocal, Avunculocal, Virilocal, Amitalocal, Uxorilocal; Functions of family, Trends of change – urbanization, globalization, industrialization, feminist movements; Marriage: Definition, universality, types and functions (monogamy, polygamy – polyandry, polygyny, hypogamy, hypergamy, levirate, sororate); Preferential and Prescriptive types; Types and forms of marital transactions – bride price and dowry; Marriage as exchange. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 27. Social Institutions (Kinship, Economic & Legal Anthropology): Kinship: Definition, Descent, kinship terminology, matrilineal puzzle; Joking and avoidance; moiety, phratry, clan and lineage; Types of kinship systems; Economic Anthropology: Definition and relationship with Anthropology and Economy; Theories (Malinowski, Formal, Substantivist, Marxist); Livelihoods, Subsistence, Principles of production, distribution, consumption; division of labour in hunting-gathering, pastoral, swidden and agricultural communities; Exchange, reciprocity, gifts and barter systems; Kula, Potlatch and Jajmani – Anthropological explanations; Legal Anthropology: Anthropology of Law, Social Sanctions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 28. Political Organization, Religion, Belief Systems & Social Change: Political Organization: Definitions, political processes in band, tribe, chiefdom and state systems; Conflicts and social control; Nations and Nation-state, democracy; Religion and Belief Systems: Definitions, animism, animatism, manaism, bongaism, totemism, taboo; Religious specialists – witch, shaman, priest, medicine-man, sorcerer; Magic – definitions, types, approaches; Rituals; Social Change: Basic ideas and concepts (Assimilation, Integration, Syncretism, Dominance and Subjugation), Approaches. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 29. Classical Anthropological Theories: Theories in Social Anthropology: Evolutionism – Tylor, Morgan, Fraser, Maine, McLennan; Diffusionism – Three schools (Austro-German, British, American); Historical Particularism – Boas; Functionalism – Malinowski; Structural-Functionalism – Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan, Parsons. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 30. Mid-20th Century Anthropological Theories: Structuralism – Levi-Strauss; Culture and Personality/Psychological Anthropology – Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting and Child; Cultural Ecology, Environmental Anthropology, Neo-evolutionism (Leslie White, Julian Steward, Marshall Sahlins). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 31. Later 20th Century Anthropological Theories I: Cultural Materialism – Marvin Harris; Symbolic Anthropology – Victor Turner, Raymond Firth, Mary Douglas; Cognitive Anthropology – Roy D’Andrade, Stephen Tyler, Ward Goodenough. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 32. Contemporary & Critical Anthropological Theories: Deep Ethnography, Interpretive Anthropology – Clifford Geertz; Anthropology and Gender – Leela Dube, Renato Rosaldo, Marilyn Strathern, Zora Neale Hutson; Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Postcolonialism – Foucault, Derrida, Bourdieu; Ethnicity – Barth, Jeffery, Weber. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 33. Development of Indian Anthropology & Social Concepts: Stages in the Development of Indian Anthropology Concepts: Social Stratification (eg. Caste), Scheduled Caste (SC), Dalit, OBC, Nomadic Groups; Revivalist/Nativist movements, Peasant movements (Malabar and Telengana movements). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 34. Tribal Studies in India & Constitutional Safeguards: Tribe, Scheduled Tribe (ST), Particularly Vulnerable Groups (PVTGs), Tribal movements (Birsa and Naga movements), Tribal Development, Distribution; Constitutional Safeguards for SC and ST, Inclusion and Exclusion. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 35. Indian Village Studies, Local Governance & Theoretical Ideas: Indian Village and Village Studies in India (S.C. Dube, McKim Marriott, Weiser, Scarlett Epstein, M.N. Srinivas, F.G. Bailey); Panchayati Raj Institutions and other traditional community political organizations, Self-Help Groups (SHGs); Theoretical ideas: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Globalization, Sacred Complex, Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 36. Early Indian Anthropologists & Their Contributions: Early Indian Anthropologists and their contributions: G.S. Ghurye, B.S. Guha, S.C. Roy, Iravati Karve, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, M.N. Srinivas, N.K. Bose, Surajit Sinha, D.N. Majumdar, S.R.K. Chopra, Verrier Elwin, S.S. Sarkar, Dharani Sen, T.C. Das, P.C. Biswas. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 37. Applied & Specialized Anthropological Fields: Concepts and Theories: Applied Anthropology, Action Anthropology, Engaged Anthropology, Experimental Anthropology, Urban Anthropology, Public Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Anthropology of Development, Medical Anthropology, Visual Anthropology, Genomic Studies, Genetic Screening and Counseling, Forensic Anthropology, Food and Nutritional Anthropology, Ergonomics, Kinanthropometry, Business Anthropology. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 38. Community Development Projects & Intervention Processes: Community Development Projects (Rural, Urban and Tribal); Revisits, Re-studies, Reinterpretations, Intervention, Research Process and Social Impact Assessment (SIA). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 39. Anthropological Approaches in Community Studies & Issues: Anthropological approaches in community studies: public health, education, nutrition, land alienation, bonded labour, housing, alternative economy, livelihood, gender issues, relief, rehabilitation and relocation, identity crisis, communication, training and management, aging and the aged. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology) Chpater 40. Development Strategies, NGOs & Empowerment: Development Strategies (Plan/Sub Plan); Role of NGOs in Development; Anthropology and NGOs; Empowerment of Women, LGBT groups. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Anthropology)

Archeology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Archeology Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Introduction to Archaeology: Definition; aims, scope and ethics of archaeology; history and growth of Archaeology, and History of Indian archaeology; Relationship of archaeology with social and natural sciences. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 2. Archaeological Data Management: Type and nature of archaeological data; Retrieval of archaeological data: Methods of explorations and excavations (Random and systematic prospections; subsurface investigations using modern techniques such as remote sensing, resistivity surveys); Recording and documentation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 3. Artefact Analysis and Interpretation: Methods of artefact analysis: categorization, classification and characterization; Methods of interpretation and related issues: Application of sociological and anthropological models: Ethnography and experimental replication studies; Traditional, Processual and Post-Processual approaches. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 4. Reporting and Preservation: Preparation of archaeological reports; Conservation and preservation of archaeological remains/sites: Aims and Methods; Antiquarian laws. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 5. Chronology and Dating Methods: Encompassing Relative dating: Cultural stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, typology, Fluorine, Nitrogen and Phosphate analysis; Soil analysis, and Chronometric methods: Radiocarbon (C14), Potassium/Argon, Fission track, Luminescence dating (TL and OSL), Dendrochronology, Palaeomagnetic dating Varve analysis, ESR dating, Obsidian hydration, Cosmogenic nuclides method of dating. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 6. Introduction to Prehistory: Prehistoric beginning encompassing geological, biological and cultural dimensions of humans; Human origin and Geological time scale covering Late Tertiary (Miocene and Pliocene) and Quaternary Periods; Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Paleomagnetic records, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 7. Pleistocene Environment and Biostratigraphy: Major environment and climatic changes of Pleistocene; Pleistocene and Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS); Biostratigraphy of the Pleistocene, including Pleistocene flora and Fauna. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 8. Human Evolution and Dispersal: Main stages of human evolution and important fossil records: Hominin ancestors of the Late Miocene, Pliocene and the Pleistocene, specifically Pre-Australopiths, Australopiths and Homo; alongside Hypotheses on modern human dispersal. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 9. Prehistoric Lithic Technologies: The Cultural backdrop to prehistory: Evolution of stone implements and development of lithic technologies, including The Oldowan, Acheulian and the Flake and Blade based industries of the Stone Age. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 10. Global Palaeolithic Developments and Art: Palaeolithic cultural development in the world context focusing on Africa, Europe and South East Asia and China; detailing Early Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age of Africa; Lower Palaeolithic, Middle Palaeolithic and Upper Palaeolithic of Europe and West Asia; and Palaeolithic cultural developments in China and South East Asia, concluding with Prehistoric Art: antiquity, significance, distribution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 11. Indian Stone Age Geo-chronology and Key Sites: Geo-chronology and Stone Age cultures of India, exemplified by The Sohan Valley and the Potwar Plateau sites in the Sivalik hills, The Belan and Son valleys, Didwana dune 16R in Rajasthan, Kortlayar valley/Attirampakkam in Tamilnadu and Jwalapuram in Andhra Pradesh. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 12. Indian Lower Palaeolithic Culture: Tool types and lithic technology; The Sohan industry and its antiquity; The Acheulian industry and its spread into major river valleys, with sites in the Narmada and the Sabarmati valleys, the Belan and the Son valley sites, sites in the Hunsgi and Baichabal valleys, sites in the Krishna and the Godavari valleys, sites in the Kortlayar valley; and sites associated with the Playas of Rajasthan. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 13. Indian Middle Palaeolithic Culture: Culture and geographical spread; Tool types and lithic technology of the Middle Palaeolithic, specifically the prepared core techniques/Levallois technique. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 14. Indian Upper Palaeolithic Culture and Art: The Upper Palaeolithic culture: Tool types and lithic technologies of the Upper Palaeolithic, including Blade and bone implements; its geographic distribution and major sites; and Prehistoric Art in the Indian context: Antiquity, significance and distribution. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 15. Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Wider Context: Mesolithic in Europe and Epi-Palaeolithic developments in West Asia; coupled with an understanding of Neolithic and Food Production, focusing on the Neolithic stage in West Asia and China. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 16. Indian Mesolithic Culture and Adaptation: Mesolithic culture of the Indian subcontinent: Characteristic features; Tool types and micro-blade technology; regional variations in tool assemblages; Evidence of incipient stages of food production; and Patterns of ecological adaptation and distribution, including Sites in the alluvial plains, horseshoe lakes, coastal sites, sand-dune sites, sites in the plateaus and rock-shelter sites. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 17. Early Neolithic Cultures of the Indian Subcontinent: Beginning with Early farming communities of Baluchistan: Mehrgarh and Kili-Gul-Muhammad; Neolithic culture in Kashmir; and Neolithic culture in the Central Ganga and Vindhyan region: Koldihwa, Mahagara, Lahuradewa etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 18. Regional Neolithic Developments in India: Eastern Neolithic sites: Chirand, Chechar Senuwar, Kuchai, and Baidyapur, and the Neolithic culture of the North-Eastern region: Sarutaru, Selbalgiri, Daojali Hading, Marakdola; alongside Neolithic cultural development in the southern peninsular India: Sanganakallu, Pikhlihal, Uttnur, Kodekal, Teklakota, Hallur, Nagarjunakonda and Ash-mound sites. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 19. Proto-history and Harappan Formative Stages: Proto-history considerations: Courses towards urbanization focusing on The Harappa culture; its Formative stages: Emergence of village farming/ Chalcolithic settlements and beginning of regional cultures in the North and North-Western India and Pakistan; and Contemporary developments in the Gagghar- Saraswati system and in Gujarat (Pre-Urban /Pre and Early Harappan cultural development). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 20. Urban Harappan Emergence and Characteristics: Early Harappan phase and the emergence of the Urban Harappan cultural ethos; Urban Harappan characteristics: geographical spread; settlement features; town planning and architecture; and Economic production: the urban-rural dichotomy, agriculture and craft production. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 21. Urban Harappan Society, Trade, and Sites: Urban Harappan society: Trade and subsistence; standardisation of craft and the Harappan script, evidence of overseas contacts; Socio-political organization; art and evidence of religious beliefs; Authors?; and Important excavated sites: Mohanjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Surkotada, Banawali, Rakhigarhi, Bagasra, Rojdi, Rangpur. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 22. Harappan Regional Variations and Decline: Regional variations within the Harappan material culture: the concept of Sorath and Sindhi/Classical Harappan in Gujarat; Post-Urban Harappan phenomena: Decline of the Urban Harappan, including causes of decline and different theories on decline; and the Post-Urban phase with evidence from the Indus valley, Gagghar-Saraswati system and from Gujarat (Post-Urban or Late Harappa cultures of Sindh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Western Uttar Pradesh). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 23. Other Chalcolithic Cultures of India: The Copper Hoard and Ochre Coloured Pottery; Chalcolithic cultural remains in the Ganga plain; The Banas/Ahar cultural developments in southern Rajasthan and its antiquity and distribution; The Kayatha assemblage of Madhya Pradesh; The Malwa culture of the Narmada valley and its geographic distribution; and Chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan region (Savalda, Malwa, Jorwe cultures). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 24. Indian Iron Age and Early Evidence: The Iron Age and growth of new urban centres: Antiquity of Iron in India, covering Early stages of Iron Age, and new evidence from Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nal-ka-tila, Hallur, Kumaranahalli and Kodumanal. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 25. Key Iron Age Potteries: Painted Grey Ware culture: Extent, and Chronology and characteristic traits; and Northern Black Polished Ware culture: Extent, chronology and characteristic traits. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 26. Peninsular Indian Iron Age and Megalithic Culture: Iron Age in Peninsular India: The Megalithic culture in peninsular India and beyond, detailing its Geographical spread, typology, chronological contexts, cultural artefacts and authors of Megalithic tradition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 27. Early Historic Urbanization and Sites: The beginning of Early Historic period and the emergence of Urban centres in the Ganga Valley and Peninsular India; Multiple modes of economic production, expansion of trade and development of trade routes, Maritime trade, and the emergence of new Urban centres including Important city sites: Rajghat, Ujjain, Vaisali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kausambi, Sisupalgargh etc., and Important sites of Historical period: Sringaverpura, Ahichhatra, Atiranjikhera, Hasthinapur, Khairadih, Chandarketugarh, Nasik, Adam, Satanikota, Nagarjunakonda, Arikamedu, Kodumanal, Pattanam. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 28. Architecture as Historical Source: Stupa and Rock-cut: Architecture as a significant source of Indian history; The Stupa architecture: Structural Stupas encompassing Origin and development, and North and South Indian stupas; and the Development of Rock-cut architecture: Origin and Development covering Buddhist Brahmanical and Jain traditions. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 29. Temple Architecture: Styles and Examples: Origin and development of temples, Main features of the temple architecture, features and development of distinct architectural styles of Nagara, Vesara, Dravida and Bhumija temples; specific examples including Gupta, Chalukyan, Pallava and Rashtrakuta temples, and Regional styles such as Khajuraho temples, Temples of Odisha and Chola temples. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 30. Indian Sculptural Art Traditions: Sculptural Art in Stone and Bronze: Antiquity and development, featuring The Mauryan pillar capitals, early Yaksha-Yakshi images, Shunga, Western Kshatrapa, Satvahana sculptures; the Kushana sculptures: Mathura and Gandhara Schools; Gupta sculptures: Saranath school; and Chalukya, Pallava; Pala, Chandela, Chola and Hoysala sculptures. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 31. Iconography, Terracotta Art, and Paintings: Iconography covering Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Kartikeya, Ganesha, Surya, Shakti, Tirthankara (Rishabh dev, Parshvanath and Mahavira), Buddha, Bodhisattva and Tara; Terracotta Art from Mauryan to the Gupta period; and Paintings, specifically Rock-cut cave paintings: Ajanta, Bagh and Sittanavasal. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 32. Epigraphy and Scripts: Epigraphy as a source of Indian history: Origin and antiquity of writing in India; and Origin and development of Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, including Various theories. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 33. Selected Inscriptions (Part 1): Asokan Edicts: Rock Edicts II, X, XII, XIII; Lumbini inscription of Asoka; Minor rock edict of Bairat; Besnagar Garuda pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela; and Ushavadata inscription in Nasik cave (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 10. 34. Selected Inscriptions (Part 2): Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman; Nasik cave III inscription of Vasishtaputra Pulmavi Year 19; Swat relic casket inscription; Saranath Buddha image inscription; Lucknow museum Jain image inscription of the time of Huviska; and Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 35. Selected Inscriptions (Part 3): Bhitri inscription of Skandagupta; Aihole pillar inscription of Pulkesin II; Gwalior inscription of Mihir Bhoja; Khalimpur copper plate of Dharmpala; Sanjan copper plate of Amoghavarsha; Mandsor inscription of Yeshovaran; Truvalangad copper plates of Rajendra Chola year 6 and Sangli copper plate of Govinda IV; and Tharsapalli copper plates. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 36. Numismatics: Origins and Coin Manufacturing: Coins as an important source of history; Origin and antiquity of coinage in ancient India; and Technique/Methods of manufacturing coins using Silver, copper, gold and alloys. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 37. Types of Ancient Indian Coins: Main type of coins: Punch marked coins, inscribed and un-inscribed cast coins; Janpada and tribal coins; and Indo-Greek coins. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 38. Major Dynastic Coinage and Early Medieval Coins: Saka-Kashtrapa, Kushana and Satavahana coinage; Coins of the Gupta dynasty; Roman coins; and a Brief account of Early Medieval Indian coinage. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 39. Methodology of Archaeological Research: Foundations: Role and characteristics of research, research ethics, methods of research; case studies and field investigations; Hypothesis formulation and research design. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology) Chpater 40. Archaeological Research: Data Management and Presentation: Data collection and processing: Primary and secondary sources, use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in archaeological research; Methods of systematic referencing; and Systematic presentation of data and results. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Archaeology)

Linguistics Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors

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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01

Linguistics Question Bank Ugc Nta Net Assistant Professors written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.

Chpater 1. Nature of Language: Language in spoken and written modes, language as written text—philological and literary notions i.e., norm, purity and their preservation; language as a cultural heritage—codification and transmission of cultural knowledge and be (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 2. Ancient and Semiotic Approaches to Language Study: Ancient approaches to the study of language: Indian and Greco-Roman, semiotic approach— interpretation of sign; language as a system of social behaviour—use of language in family, community and country; language as a system of communication—communicative functions—emotive, conative, referential, poetic, metalinguistic and phatic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 3. Cognitive Approaches and Saussurean Dichotomies: Language as a cognitive system; relation with culture and thought (Linguistic Relativity); Saussurean dichotomies: signifier and signified, langue and parole, synchronic and diachronic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 4. Language Analysis and Interdisciplinary Relevance: Levels and their hierarchy—phonetic/phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic/pragmatic; their interrelations; linguistic units and their distribution at different levels; notions of contrast and complementation; -emic and -etic categorisation; notion of rule at different levels; description vs. explanation of grammatical facts. Relevance of Linguistics to other fields of enquiry—Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology, Neurology, Speech Sciences, Geography, Psychology, Education, Computer Science and Literature. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 5. Foundations of Phonetics and Articulatory Processes: Phonetics as a study of speech sounds: articulatory, auditory, and acoustic phonetics. Articulatory Phonetics: Processes of speech production: airstream process, oro-nasal process, phonation process, and articulatory process; classification of speech sounds: vowels and consonants, cardinal vowels (primary and secondary); complex articulation: secondary articulation, coarticulation; syllable; suprasegmentals—length, stress, tone, intonation and juncture; phonetic transcription: International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 6. Acoustic Phonetics: Sound Waves and Speech Cues: Sound waves— simple and complex, periodic and aperiodic; harmonics; frequency and fundamental frequency, amplitude, duration; resonance, filters, spectrum, spectrogram; formants, transition, burst; voice onset time; aspiration; noise spectra; cues for speech sounds: vowel (monophthong and diphthong), semivowel, stop, fricative, nasal, lateral, glide, places of articulation of consonants. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 7. Descriptive Phonology: Phonemes and Phonemic Analysis: Phonetics vs. phonology; concept of phoneme, phone and allophone; principles of phonemic analysis— phonetic similarity, contrastive distribution, complementary distribution, free variation, pattern congruity; notions of biuniqueness, neutralization and archiphoneme. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 8. Generative Phonology: Rules, Features, and Theories: Linear and non-linear approaches: levels of phonological representation; phonological rules; distinctive features (major class, manner, place, etc.); abstractness controversy; rule ordering and types of rule ordering, markedness; principles of lexical phonology; principles of optimality theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 9. Basic Morphological Concepts and Morpheme Types: Scope and nature of morphology; concepts of morpheme, morph, allomorph, zero allomorph, conditions on allomorphs; lexeme and word; Types of morphemes—free and bound; root, stem, base, suffix, infix, prefix, portmanteau morpheme, suppletive, replacive; affixes vs. clitics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 10. Grammatical Categories and Models of Morphological Description: Grammatical categories – tense, aspect, mood, person, gender, number, case; case markers and case relations; pre- and post-positions; models of morphological description: item and arrangement, item and process, word and paradigm. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 11. Morphological Analysis and Initial Word-Formation Processes: Identification of morphemes; morphological alternation; morphophonemic processes; internal and external sandhi; inflection vs. derivation; conjugation and declension. Derivation (primary vs. secondary derivation, nominalization, verbalization, etc.), compounding (types of compounds: endocentric, exocentric, etc.). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 12. Further Word-Formation Processes and Morpho-syntax: Reduplication, back-formation, conversion, clipping, blending, acronyms, folk etymology, creativity and productivity, blocking, bracketing paradoxes, constraints on affix ordering. Morpho-syntax: Nominalization and lexicalist hypothesis; grammatical function changing rules: causatives, passives. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 13. Traditional and Structural Syntax: Units and Relations: Parts of speech: Indian classification (naama, aakhyaata, upasarga, nipaata); basic syntactic units and their types: word, phrase, clause, sentence, karaka relations; grammatical relations and case relations; construction types (exocentric, endocentric, etc.), immediate constituent analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 14. Generative Syntax: Foundations, Principles, and Theories: Parameters and universal grammar, null subject parameter, innateness hypothesis, meaning of the term 'generative', transformational generative grammar, structure and structure-dependence, diagnostics for structure; complements and adjuncts, principles and parameters theory, X-bar theory, theta theory, binding theory. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 15. Generative Syntax: Movement Phenomena and Advanced Concepts: Pro-drop, NP-movement, wh-movement, head movement, adjunction and substitution, constraints on movement, subjacency, government and proper government, small clauses, topicalization; unergatives and unaccusatives, VP-internal subject hypothesis; split VP and VP-shell hypothesis, cross-over phenomena; checking theory of case, copy theory of movement, inclusiveness principle. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 16. Minimalist Programme and Transformational Components: Some Key Concepts in the Minimalist Programme: Spell-out, greed, procrastination, last resort, AGR-based case theory, multiple-spec hypothesis, strong and weak features; interpretable and noninterpretable features. Transformational Components: The copy theory of movement, its properties, checking devices and features of convergence. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 17. Semantics: Types of Meaning and Sense Relations: Types of meaning; descriptive, emotive and phatic; sense and reference, connotation and denotation, sense relations (homonymy, hyponymy, antonymy, synonymy, etc.); types of opposition (taxonomic, polar, etc.); ambiguity, sentence meaning and truth conditions, contradictions, entailment; ‘abhidha’, ‘laksana’, ‘vyanjana’. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 18. Semantics: Formal Notions, Propositions, and Compositionality: Notions of membership, union, intersection, cardinality; mapping and functions; propositions, truth values, sentential connectives; arguments, predicates, quantifiers, variables; componential analysis; definiteness, mood and modality, specific vs. generic; definite and indefinite; compositionality and its limitations. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 19. Pragmatics: Language Use in Context and Communication Models: Language use in context; communication: message model and inferential model of communication, sentence meaning and utterance meaning; speech acts. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 20. Pragmatics: Deixis, Implicature, and Discourse Structure: Deixis; presupposition and implicature: Gricean maxims; information structure; indexicals, politeness, power and solidarity, discourse analysis. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 21. Sound Change: Neogrammarian Laws and Types of Changes: Neogrammarian laws of phonetic change: Grimm’s, Verner’s, Grassmann’s Laws; genesis and spread of sound change; split and merger; conditioned vs. unconditioned change; types of changes—phonetic vs. phonemic changes; assimilation and dissimilation, coalescence, metathesis, deletion, epenthesis; lexical diffusion of sound change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 22. Analogy, Sociolinguistic Approaches to Sound Change, and Morphosyntactic/Semantic Change: Analogy and its relationship to sound change; reconstructing the proto-stages of languages; tree and wave models; relative chronology of different changes. Sociolinguistic approach to language change: social motivation of language change; study of sound change in progress. Morphosyntactic and Semantic Change: Phonological change leading to changes in morphology and syntax; syncretism, grammaticalisation and lexicalisation; principles of recovering grammatical categories and contrasts; semantic change and processes of semantic change—extension, narrowing, figurative speech. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 23. Linguistic Reconstruction Methods and Principles: External vs. internal reconstruction: comparative method, collection of cognates, establishing phonological correspondences; reconstruction of the phonemes of the proto-language based on contrast and complementation; morphophonemic alternations as the source for reconstruction; recovering historical contrasts by comparing, alternating and non-alternating paradigms; accounting for exceptions to sound change— analogy, borrowing, onomatopoeia, the interplay of analogy and sound change; lexicostatistics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 24. Language Contact, Borrowing, and Dialect Geography: Linguistic borrowing, lexical and structural; motivations, loan translation, loan blend, calque, assimilated and unassimilated loans: tadbhava and tatsama; different types of borrowing-- cultural, intimate and dialect; classification of loanwords; impact of borrowing on language; pidgins and creoles; bilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect geography: dialect atlas; isogloss; focal area, transition area and relic area. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 25. Basic Sociolinguistic Concepts and Language in Society: Sociolinguistics and sociology of language; micro-and macro approaches to language in society; linguistic repertoire: language, dialect, sociolect, idiolect; diglossia, taboo, slang; elaborated and restricted codes; speech community, communicative competence, ethnography of speaking; language of wider communication; lingua franca; language and social inequality; language in diaspora; new linguistic world orders. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 26. Linguistic Variability and Outcomes of Language Contact: Patterns in linguistic variation, linguistic variables and their co-variation with linguistic dimensions, social class / social network / age / gender/ ethnicity; language loyalty, social identity and social attitudes, stereotypes. Language Contact: Bilingualism, multilingualism; code-mixing and code-switching; outcomes of language contact: language maintenance, borrowing, convergence, substratum effect, pidginization and creolization; language loss. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 27. Language Development Planning and Language Ecology/Endangerment: Language planning, corpus and status planning, standardisation and modernisation; language movements – state and societal interventions; script development and modifications; linguistic minorities and their problems. Language Ecology and Endangerment: Superdiversity; linguistic landscaping, linguistic vitality, language endangerment, parameters of endangerment, documentation of endangered languages, revitalisation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 28. Sociolinguistic Methodology: Data Collection and Analysis: Sampling and tools; identification of sociolinguistic variables and their variants; data processing and interpretation; quantitative analysis of data; variable rules; ethnomethodology; participant observation. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 29. Language Typology, Universals, and Linguistic Relatedness Classifications: Language typology and language universals; morphological types of languages— agglutinative, analytical (isolating), synthetic fusional (inflecting), infixing and polysynthetic (incorporating) languages; formal and substantive universals, absolute and statistical universals; implicational and non-implicational universals; linguistic relatedness—genetic, typological and areal classification of languages. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 30. Approaches to Typological Study and Salient Features of South Asian Language Families: Inductive vs deductive approaches; universals of language and parametric variation; word order typology; Greenberg's characteristics for verb final and verb medial languages and related features in the context of South Asian Languages. Salient Features of South Asian Languages: Phonetic, phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman language families of South Asia; Linguistic Survey of India as a source of information; contact induced typological change; convergence and syntactic change. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 31. India as a Linguistic Area: Concept and Defining Features: The notion of linguistic area; language contact and convergence with special reference to the concept of 'India as a Linguistic Area'; features of retroflexion, vowel harmony, aspiration, reduplication, echo formation, onomatopoeia, explicator compound verbs, anaphora. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 32. India as a Sociolinguistic and Semantic Area, and Microlinguistic Areas: India as a sociolinguistic area, India as a semantic area; notion of microlinguistic area. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 33. Psycholinguistics: Basic Concepts, Theoretical Orientations, and Language Processing: Basic issues in psycholinguistics, brain language relationship, the different theoretical orientations: empiricist-behaviourist, biological-nativist, and cognitive-interactionalist, biological foundations of language; language acquisition and stages; critical period hypothesis. Language Processing: The processes of perception, comprehension and production; evidence of language production; steps in comprehension; mental representation of language and lexicon; relationship between comprehension and production. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 34. Clinical Psycholinguistics and Foundations of Language Learning/Teaching: Clinical Psycholinguistics: Normal and pathological language; aphasia; dyslexia; stuttering; language in the hearing-impaired; language in mental retardation. Language Teaching and Language Learning: First and second language learning; behaviouristic and cognitive theories of language learning; social and psychological aspects of second language acquisition. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 35. Language Teaching: Methods, Materials, Aids, Testing, and Interlanguage: Methods of language teaching; materials and teaching-aids in language teaching; computer assisted language teaching (CALT); language testing: types of tests; validity, reliability and standardization of tests; Interlanguage. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 36. Language Teaching Analysis, Syllabus Design, and Contrastive Analysis: Goals of language teaching; factors in the preparation of a language teaching syllabus: linguistic theory, social and psychological factors, needs analysis, class-room presentation; text-book evaluation; types of syllabus: structural, communicative, notional; the role of the teacher and teacher training; role of self-access packages; socio-linguistic and psychological aspects of language teaching and learning. Contrastive Analysis: Error analysis and interlanguage; basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive advanced language proficiency (CALP). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 37. Translation: Principles, Processes, and Types: Paraphrase, translation and transcreation; translation of literary text and technical text; use of linguistics in translation; linguistic affinity and translatability; untranslatability; units of translation; equivalence of meaning and style; translation loss and gain; problems of cultural terms; scientific terms; idioms, metaphors and proverbs; false friends and translation shifts; evaluation of translation; fidelity and readability; types of translation—simultaneous interpretation, machine aided translation, media translation (dubbing, copyediting, advertisement, slogans, jingles, etc.) (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 38. Lexicography: Dictionary Making and Types of Dictionaries: Making of a Dictionary: Linguistics and lexicography, dictionary entries— arrangement of information; meaning descriptions—synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, antonymy and hyponymy; treatment of technical terms vs. general words. Types of Dictionaries: Literary, scientific and technical; comprehensive and concise, monolingual and bilingual; general and learner's; historical and etymological, dictionary of idioms and phrases, encyclopaedic dictionary, electronic dictionary, reverse dictionary, thesaurus and other distinguishing purposes and features of various types; computational lexicography. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 39. Computational Linguistics: NLP, Corpus Linguistics, and Indian Initiatives: Artificial intelligence and language; natural language processing (NLP); computational linguistics and its relation to allied disciplines; machine language; parsing and generation; parsers; compilers; interpreters—information processing, structuring and manipulating data; corpus building; attempts of NLP and corpus work in India: Anus?raka parsing: morphological recognizers, analyzers and generators for Indian languages; designing code, building of machine translation systems (MTS); hyper grammars, building of word nets, The Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English, the TDIL Corpus Project. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics) Chpater 40. Stylistics and Language in Mass Media: Style— individual style, period style; style as choice, style as deviation, style as ‘r?ti’, style as ‘alank?ra’; style as ‘vyanjan?’ (‘vakrokti’); Foregrounding; Parallelism; Text as grammar: structure and texture, cohesion and coherence; semiotic aspects of a literary text; stylistics of discourse; levels of stylistic analysis—phonological, lexical, syntactic and semantic; stylistic devices in literary texts. Language and Media: Mass media: print and electronic, types of language used in mass media: news, editorials, advertising, writing and editing for print and electronic media, impact of mass media on language. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Linguistics)