Formale Logik
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Formale Logik
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Author : Paul Lorenzen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Formale Logik written by Paul Lorenzen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Logic, Symbolic and mathematical categories.
Formale Logik
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Author : Josef M. Bochenski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Formale Logik written by Josef M. Bochenski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with Logic categories.
From Discourse To Logic
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Author : Hans Kamp
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-07-31
From Discourse To Logic written by Hans Kamp and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-07-31 with Computers categories.
Preface This book is about semantics and logic. More specifically, it is about the semantics and logic of natural language; and, even more specifically than that, it is about a particular way of dealing with those subjects, known as Discourse Representation Theory, or DRT. DRT is an approach towards natural language semantics which, some thirteen years ago, arose out of attempts to deal with two distinct problems. The first of those was the semantic puzzle that had been brought to contempo rary attention by Geach's notorious "donkey sentences" - sentences like If Pedro owns some donkey, he beats it, in which the anaphoric connection we perceive between the indefinite noun phrase some donkey and the pronoun it may seem to conflict with the existential meaning of the word some. The second problem had to do with tense and aspect. Some languages, for instance French and the other Romance languages, have two morphologically distinct past tenses, a simple past (the French Passe Simple) and a continuous past (the French Imparfait). To articulate precisely what the difference between these tenses is has turned out to be surprisingly difficult.
An Introduction To Formal Logic
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Author : Peter Smith
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-11-06
An Introduction To Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-06 with Mathematics categories.
Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.
Formal Logic
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Author : P. Lorenzen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1965
Formal Logic written by P. Lorenzen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Mathematics categories.
"Logic", one of the central words in Western intellectual history, compre hends in its meaning such diverse things as the Aristotelian syllogistic, the scholastic art of disputation, the transcendental logic of the Kantian critique, the dialectical logic of Hegel, and the mathematical logic of the Principia Mathematica of Whitehead and Russell. The term "Formal Logic", following Kant is generally used to distinguish formal logical reasonings, precisely as formal, from the remaining universal truths based on reason. (Cf. SCHOLZ, 1931). A text-book example of a formal-logical inference which from "Some men are philosophers" and "All philosophers are wise" concludes that "Some men are wise" is called formal, because the validity of this inference depends only on the form ofthe given sentences -in particular it does not depend on the truth or falsity of these sentences. (On the dependence of logic on natural language, English, for example, compare Section 1 and 8). The form of a sentence like "Some men are philosophers", is that which remains preserved when the given predicates, here "men" and "philosophers" are replaced by arbitrary ones. The form itself can thus be represented by replacing the given predicates by variables. Variables are signs devoid of meaning, which may serve merely to indicate the place where meaningful constants (here the predicates) are to be inserted. As variables we shall use - as did Aristotle - letters, say P, Q and R, as variables for predicates.
The Elements Of Formal Logic
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Author : G. E. Hughes
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-11-04
The Elements Of Formal Logic written by G. E. Hughes and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-04 with Philosophy categories.
Originally published in 1965. This is a textbook of modern deductive logic, designed for beginners but leading further into the heart of the subject than most other books of the kind. The fields covered are the Propositional Calculus, the more elementary parts of the Predicate Calculus, and Syllogistic Logic treated from a modern point of view. In each of the systems discussed the main emphases are on Decision Procedures and Axiomatisation, and the material is presented with as much formal rigour as is compatible with clarity of exposition. The techniques used are not only described but given a theoretical justification. Proofs of Consistency, Completeness and Independence are set out in detail. The fundamental characteristics of the various systems studies, and their relations to each other are established by meta-logical proofs, which are used freely in all sections of the book. Exercises are appended to most of the chapters, and answers are provided.
Formale Logik
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Author : Paul Lorenzen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Formale Logik written by Paul Lorenzen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Logic categories.
Logic With Trees
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Author : Colin Howson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-10-11
Logic With Trees written by Colin Howson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-11 with Philosophy categories.
Logic With Trees is a new and original introduction to modern formal logic. Unlike most texts, it also contains discussions on more philosophical issues such as truth, conditionals and modal logic. It presents the formal material with clarity, preferring informal explanations and arguments to intimidatingly rigorous development. Worked examples and excercises enable the readers to check their progress. Logic With Trees equips students with * a complete and clear account of the truth-tree system for first order logic * the importance of logic and its relevance to many different disciplines * the skills to grasp sophisticated formal reasoning techniques necessary to explore complex metalogic * the ability to contest claims that `ordinary' reasoning is well represented by formal first order logic The issues covered include a thorough discussion of truth-functional and full first order logic, using the truth-tree or semantic tableau approach. Completeness and Soundness proofs are given for both truth-functional and first order trees. Much use is made of induction, which is presented in a clear and consistent manner. There is also discussion of alternative deductive systems, an introduction to transfinite numbers and categoricity, the Lowenhein-Skolem theories and the celebrated findings of Godel and Church. The book concludes with an account of Kripke's attempted solution of the liar paradox and a discussion of the weakness of truth-functional account of conditionals. Particularly useful to those who favour critical accounts of formal reasoning, it will be of interest to students of philosophy at first level and beyond and also students of mathematics and computer science.
Formal Logic
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Author : Arthur N. Prior
language : en
Publisher: Oxford, Clarendon
Release Date : 1962
Formal Logic written by Arthur N. Prior and has been published by Oxford, Clarendon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Philosophy categories.
This book was designed primarily as a textbook; though the author hopes that it will prove to be of interests to others beside logic students. Part I of this book covers the fundamentals of the subject the propositional calculus and the theory of quantification. Part II deals with the traditional formal logic and with the developments which have taken that as their starting-point. Part III deals with modal, three-valued, and extensional systems.
Formal Logic
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Author : Richard C. Jeffrey
language : en
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Formal Logic written by Richard C. Jeffrey and has been published by Hackett Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
The first beginning logic text to employ the tree method—a complete formal system of first-order logic that is remarkably easy to understand and use—this text allows students to take control of the nuts and bolts of formal logic quickly, and to move on to more complex and abstract problems.This new edition provides additional problems, solutions to selected problems, and two new Supplements: “Truth-Functional Equivalence” reinstates material on that topic from the second edition that was omitted in the third, and “Variant Methods, in which John Burgess provides a proof regarding the possibility of modifying the tree method so that it will always find a finite model when there is one, and another, which shows that a different modification—once contemplated by Jeffrey—can result in a dramatic speed-up of certain proofs.