Foundational Issues In Natural Language Processing
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Foundational Issues In Natural Language Processing
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Author : Peter Sells
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Book
Release Date : 1991
Foundational Issues In Natural Language Processing written by Peter Sells and has been published by Bradford Book this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Computers categories.
Four separate essays address the complex and difficult connections among grammatical theory, mathematical linguistics, and the operation of real natural-language-processing systems, both human and electronic.William Rounds, Avarind Joshi, Janet Fodor, and Robert Berwick are leading scholars in the multidisciplinary field of natural language processing. In four separate essays they address the complex and difficult connections among grammatical theory, mathematical linguistics, and the operation of real natural-language-processing systems, both human and electronic. The editors' substantial introduction details the progress and problems involved in attempts to relate these four areas of research. William Rounds discusses the relevance of complexity results to linguistics and computational linguistics, providing useful caveats about how results might be misinterpreted and pointing out promising avenues of future research. Avarind Joshi (with K. Vijay-Shanker and David Weir) surveys results showing the equivalence of several different grammatical formalisms, all of which are mildly context-sensitive, with special attention to variants of tree adjoining grammar. Janet Fodor discusses how psycholinguistic results can bear on the choice among competing grammatical theories, surveying a number of recent experiments and their relevance to issues in grammatical theory. Robert Berwick considers the relationship between issues in linguistic theory and the construction of computational parsing systems, in particular the question of what it means to implement a theory of grammar in a computational system. He argues for the advantages of a principle-based approach over a rule-based one, and surveys several recent parsing systems based on the theory of government and binding.
Natural Language Processing As A Foundation Of The Semantic Web
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Author : Yorick Wilks
language : en
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Release Date : 2009
Natural Language Processing As A Foundation Of The Semantic Web written by Yorick Wilks and has been published by Now Publishers Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Computers categories.
Looks at how Natural language Processing underpins the Semantic Web, including its initial construction from unstructured sources like the World Wide Web.
Fundamental Issues Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Vincent C. Müller
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-07
Fundamental Issues Of Artificial Intelligence written by Vincent C. Müller and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-07 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers a look at the fundamental issues of present and future AI, especially from cognitive science, computer science, neuroscience and philosophy. This work examines the conditions for artificial intelligence, how these relate to the conditions for intelligence in humans and other natural agents, as well as ethical and societal problems that artificial intelligence raises or will raise. The key issues this volume investigates include the relation of AI and cognitive science, ethics of AI and robotics, brain emulation and simulation, hybrid systems and cyborgs, intelligence and intelligence testing, interactive systems, multi-agent systems, and super intelligence. Based on the 2nd conference on “Theory and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence” held in Oxford, the volume includes prominent researchers within the field from around the world.
Speech And Language Processing
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Author : Daniel Jurafsky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000-01
Speech And Language Processing written by Daniel Jurafsky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01 with Automatic speech recognition categories.
This book takes an empirical approach to language processing, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corpora.Methodology boxes are included in each chapter. Each chapter is built around one or more worked examples to demonstrate the main idea of the chapter. Covers the fundamental algorithms of various fields, whether originally proposed for spoken or written language to demonstrate how the same algorithm can be used for speech recognition and word-sense disambiguation. Emphasis on web and other practical applications. Emphasis on scientific evaluation. Useful as a reference for professionals in any of the areas of speech and language processing.
Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing
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Author : Christopher Manning
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1999-05-28
Foundations Of Statistical Natural Language Processing written by Christopher Manning and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Statistical approaches to processing natural language text have become dominant in recent years. This foundational text is the first comprehensive introduction to statistical natural language processing (NLP) to appear. The book contains all the theory and algorithms needed for building NLP tools. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of mathematical and linguistic foundations, as well as detailed discussion of statistical methods, allowing students and researchers to construct their own implementations. The book covers collocation finding, word sense disambiguation, probabilistic parsing, information retrieval, and other applications.
Introduction To Natural Language Processing
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Author : Jacob Eisenstein
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-10-01
Introduction To Natural Language Processing written by Jacob Eisenstein and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-01 with Computers categories.
A survey of computational methods for understanding, generating, and manipulating human language, which offers a synthesis of classical representations and algorithms with contemporary machine learning techniques. This textbook provides a technical perspective on natural language processing—methods for building computer software that understands, generates, and manipulates human language. It emphasizes contemporary data-driven approaches, focusing on techniques from supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The first section establishes a foundation in machine learning by building a set of tools that will be used throughout the book and applying them to word-based textual analysis. The second section introduces structured representations of language, including sequences, trees, and graphs. The third section explores different approaches to the representation and analysis of linguistic meaning, ranging from formal logic to neural word embeddings. The final section offers chapter-length treatments of three transformative applications of natural language processing: information extraction, machine translation, and text generation. End-of-chapter exercises include both paper-and-pencil analysis and software implementation. The text synthesizes and distills a broad and diverse research literature, linking contemporary machine learning techniques with the field's linguistic and computational foundations. It is suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses and as a reference for software engineers and data scientists. Readers should have a background in computer programming and college-level mathematics. After mastering the material presented, students will have the technical skill to build and analyze novel natural language processing systems and to understand the latest research in the field.
Natural Language Processing
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Author : Yue Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-07
Natural Language Processing written by Yue Zhang and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-07 with Computers categories.
This undergraduate textbook introduces essential machine learning concepts in NLP in a unified and gentle mathematical framework.
Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Gerhard Paaß
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-23
Foundation Models For Natural Language Processing written by Gerhard Paaß and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-23 with Computers categories.
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent years, a revolutionary new paradigm has been developed for training models for NLP. These models are first pre-trained on large collections of text documents to acquire general syntactic knowledge and semantic information. Then, they are fine-tuned for specific tasks, which they can often solve with superhuman accuracy. When the models are large enough, they can be instructed by prompts to solve new tasks without any fine-tuning. Moreover, they can be applied to a wide range of different media and problem domains, ranging from image and video processing to robot control learning. Because they provide a blueprint for solving many tasks in artificial intelligence, they have been called Foundation Models. After a brief introduction to basic NLP models the main pre-trained language models BERT, GPT and sequence-to-sequence transformer are described, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Then, different approaches to improving these models are discussed, such as expanding the pre-training criteria, increasing the length of input texts, or including extra knowledge. An overview of the best-performing models for about twenty application areas is then presented, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialog systems, generating images from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of current models are discussed, and an outlook on further developments is given. In addition, links are provided to freely available program code. A concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, mitigation of risks, and potential developments of AI.
The Oxford Handbook Of Computational Linguistics
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Author : Ruslan Mitkov
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-05-23
The Oxford Handbook Of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.
Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science
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Author : M.H. Bickhard
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1996-10-15
Foundational Issues In Artificial Intelligence And Cognitive Science written by M.H. Bickhard and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10-15 with Computers categories.
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves as distortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, but encodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.