From Precocious Puberty To Infertility Metabolic Control Of The Reproductive Function
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From Precocious Puberty To Infertility Metabolic Control Of The Reproductive Function
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Author : Meenakshi Alreja
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2013-06-03
From Precocious Puberty To Infertility Metabolic Control Of The Reproductive Function written by Meenakshi Alreja and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-03 with categories.
The existence of a fundamental link between nutrition and reproduction is well established. It is known for decades that a critical amount of stored energy is required for sexual maturation and maintenance of fertility. This concept is based on the idea that when survival is threatened by scarcity of food or increased energy demands, male and female of most species divert energy away from reproduction. This includes sexual maturation, the production of reproductive hormones and gametes, and the maintenance of pregnancy and lactation. If excessive leanness occurs in young women, puberty is often delayed. On the other hand, excess stored energy also negatively impacts fertility. Elevated adiposity aggravates polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovulatory dysfunctions and may induce hypothalamic hypogonadism in women. In obese men, fertility is usually decreased likely due to altered activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and defective steroidogenesis in testis. Recently, studies have documented the link between the advance of obesity and the increasing rates of “precocious puberty”. In 1997, an epidemiologic study reported that 6.7% of American girls had clinical evidence of puberty at age 7 years, and 14.7% at age 8 years. That study described the youngest ever reported population age at puberty onset of 9.96 ± 1.82 years. In September of 2010, an alarming study showed that this phenomenon has been aggravated in the last decade. The authors found an increment of 5-8% in the number of girls with clinical evidence of puberty at age 7 and 8 years, compared to the 1997 study. They also reported a high correlation of early puberty onset and childhood obesity. These observations suggest the existence of a previously unrecognized deleterious effect of the increasing rates of childhood obesity: “the precocious puberty”, which will bring profound social and health implications for the next generations. Earlier menarche in girls is associated with increased risk of adult obesity, type 2 Diabetes and breast cancer. Thus, changing levels of key metabolic cues is an essential signal for the onset of puberty and maintenance of the tone of the reproductive system. As the activity of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is essential for the development and maturity of the reproductive axis, efforts have been made to identify the factors that directly regulate the activity of GnRH neurons. For example, sensory signals and metabolic cues (e.g. glucose) may reach the reproductive control sites of the central nervous system via sensory inputs conveyed by the vagus nerve or by direct action in the caudal brainstem. In addition, circulating metabolic factors such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin also inform the brain about the individual nutritional state. The goal of this Research Topic is to assemble multidisciplinary specialists to provide up-to-date reviews on the recent advances and achievements in the field.
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medicine categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medicine categories.
Thyroid Hormone In Brain And Brain Cells
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Author : Frédéric Flamant
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-21
Thyroid Hormone In Brain And Brain Cells written by Frédéric Flamant and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-21 with Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology categories.
Thyroid hormone signaling has been known for a long time to be required for proper neurodevelopment and the maintenance of cognitive functions in the adult brain. As thyroid hormone excess or deficiency is usually well handled by clinicians, research dedicated to the neural function of thyroid hormone, have not been a priority within the field. This is changing mainly for two reasons. First, new genetic diseases have been discovered, altering thyroid hormone signaling in brain (THRA, MCT8, SBP2), with neurodevelopmental consequences which are currently incurable. Second, there is a growing concern that exposition of the general population to environmental chemicals able to interfere with thyroid hormone signaling compromises children neurodevelopment or induces central disorders in adults. Finally thyroid hormone is acting directly on gene transcription, by binding nuclear receptors, and therefore is an interesting entry point to identify genetic programs controlling brain development and function. Reaching a broad understanding of the multiple processes involving thyroid hormone in brain is a tremendous task which will necessitate a multidisciplinary approach: animal genetics, molecular biology, brain imaging, developmental biology, genomics, etc... This topic will be the occasion to combine recent contributions in the field and to identify priorities for future investigations. Due to devastating consequences of congenital hypothyroidism, the neurodevelopmental consequences of altered thyroid hormone signaling have been extensively studied over the years. The discovery of new genetic diseases, the concern about the possible neurotoxicity of environmental thyroid hormone disruptors, recently renewed the interest for an important research field. This Ebook gathers reviews and original data from experts in various disciplines. It provides a broad view of ongoing research and outlines key issues for future investigation.
Knobil And Neill S Physiology Of Reproduction
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2005-12-12
Knobil And Neill S Physiology Of Reproduction written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-12 with Medical categories.
The 3rd edition, the first new one in ten years, includes coverage of molecular levels of detail arising from the last decade's explosion of information at this level of organismic organization. There are 5 new Associate Editors and about 2/3 of the chapters have new authors. Chapters prepared by return authors are extensively revised. Several new chapters have been added on the topic of pregnancy, reflecting the vigorous investigation of this topic during the last decade.The information covered includes both human and experimental animals; basic principels are sought, and information at the organismic and molecular levels are presented.*The leading comprehensive work on the physiology of reproduction*Edited and authored by the world's leading scientists in the field*Is a synthesis of the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels of organization*Bibliogrpahics of chapters are extensive and cover all the relevant literature
Knobil And Neill S Physiology Of Reproduction
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Author : Tony M. Plant
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-11-15
Knobil And Neill S Physiology Of Reproduction written by Tony M. Plant and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-15 with Science categories.
The Fourth Edition of Knobil & Neill continues to serve as a reference aid for research, to provide the historical context to current research, and most importantly as an aid for graduate teaching on a broad range of topics in human and comparative reproduction. In the decade since the publication of the last edition, the study of reproductive physiology has undergone monumental changes. Chief among these advances are in the areas of stem cell development, signaling pathways, the role of inflammation in the regulatory processes in the various tissues, and the integration of new animal models which have led to a greater understanding of human disease. The new edition synthesizes all of this new information at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels of organization and present modern physiology a more understandable and comparative context. - The Fourth Edition has been extensively revised, reflecting new fundamental advancements in this rapidly advancing field. - Provides a common language for researchers across the fields of physiology, endocrinology, and biology to discuss their understanding of reproduction. - Saves academic researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on reproductive physiology, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles.
The Gnrh Neuron And Its Control
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Author : Allan E. Herbison
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-04-30
The Gnrh Neuron And Its Control written by Allan E. Herbison and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-30 with Science categories.
The GnRH Neuron and its Control examines the developmental biology of GnRH neurons including their birth in the nasal placode of the early embryo, perinatal programming, and sexual differentiation, in addition to the hypothalamic mechanisms that control GnRH neurons in adulthood to generate pulsatile and surge modes of GnRH secretion throughout the major life stages including aging. The morphology, electrophysiology, signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulators, and genomics underlying function of the adult GnRH neuron is discussed in detail, as is the neuroendocrinology and cell biology governing the generation of both modes of GnRH release. The book also reviews the neurobiological mechanisms and circuitry responsible for the modulation of the activity of GnRH neurons by season, stress, nutrition, and metabolism, and covers the current and potential therapeutic approaches to regulating GnRH secretion and action. Filled with newly identified research and classical fundamental knowledge to GnRH biology, it will provide students, researchers, and practitioners with an in-depth understanding of reproductive neuroendocrinology. This is the fifth volume in the Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology Series, a co- publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research Pt A Subject Access A H
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research Pt A Subject Access A H written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Medicine categories.
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Medicine categories.
Encyclopedia Of Reproduction
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-06-29
Encyclopedia Of Reproduction written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-29 with Medical categories.
Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Second Edition, Six Volume Set comprehensively reviews biology and abnormalities, also covering the most common diseases in humans, such as prostate and breast cancer, as well as normal developmental biology, including embryogenesis, gestation, birth and puberty. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters also explore the latest advances in cloning, stem cells, endocrinology, clinical reproductive medicine and genomics. As reproductive health is a fundamental component of an individual’s overall health status and a central determinant of quality of life, this book provides the most extensive and authoritative reference within the field. Provides a one-stop shop for information on reproduction that is not available elsewhere Includes extensive coverage of the full range of topics, from basic, to clinical considerations, including evolutionary advances in molecular, cellular, developmental and clinical sciences Includes multimedia and interactive teaching tools, such as downloadable PowerPoint slides, video content and interactive elements, such as the Virtual Microscope