Fungal Enzymes
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Fungal Enzymes
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Author : Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Fungal Enzymes written by Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Medical categories.
This book presents a detailed account of different enzymes including pectinolytic and amylolytic systems, invertases, cellulases and hemicellulases, pectinases, proteases, laccases, phytases, alpha-glucuronidases, mannanases, lipases produced by different fungi. It also deals with many applications, including the transesterification and biodiesel p
Advances In The Regulation And Production Of Fungal Enzymes By Transcriptomics Proteomics And Recombinant Strains Design
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Author : André Damasio
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-04
Advances In The Regulation And Production Of Fungal Enzymes By Transcriptomics Proteomics And Recombinant Strains Design written by André Damasio and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-04 with categories.
Several efforts have been made in developing strategies to supply the enzyme market, as well as in reducing its costs. It includes the selection of an appropriate enzyme source and the optimization of enzyme properties and secretion. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) are industrially relevant biocatalysts that are capable of degrading plant cell wall biomass. The most important secreted enzymes related to plant cell wall decomposition are cellulases, hemicellulases, and auxiliary enzymes. These enzymes have been applied in the hydrolysis of plant biomass for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol and several other high added value products. One of the bottlenecks for 2G ethanol production is the cost of enzymes applied on plant biomass hydrolysis. The improvement of proteins production by fungi applying system biology and genetic engineering is an interesting and promising strategy to reduce the enzymes cost and make the 2G ethanol production viable. Fungi play an important role in plant biomass degradation and biotechnology by producing and secreting high yields of enzymes. In spite of the fact that filamentous fungi present several advantages compared to other microorganisms due to the high level of proteins production, heterologous protein production is far from optimal levels and still needs to be improved. Currently, heterologous production of certain proteins is generally considerably lower than the levels obtained to homologous production. Many strategies have been studied in order to improve heterologous production of proteins by filamentous fungi, including the deletion of genes that encode for proteases, the deletion of lectin-like ER-Golgi cargo receptors and the co-expression of specific chaperones. It has been shown that the main bottleneck in the production of heterologous proteins is not caused by the low expression of the target gene. An experimental evidence suggests that most target proteins produced in filamentous fungi are lost or stuck in the secretory pathway due to errors in processing, modification or misfolding that result in their elimination by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control. Misfolded proteins alter homeostasis and proper ER functioning resulting in a state known as ER stress. ER stress activates a conserved signaling pathway called unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), which upregulates genes responsible for restoring protein folding homeostasis in the cell and degrades misfolded protein in the cytosol by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The genetic manipulation of individual genes and changes in the genome seems not to be the best alternative to overcome the main bottlenecks in heterologous protein secretion. However, the understanding of complex interactions of important proteins and genes, as well as how they are regulated is more promising.
Invertebrate Microbial Interactions
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Author : Michael M. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 1987
Invertebrate Microbial Interactions written by Michael M. Martin and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Nature categories.
Arthropods that eat wood, foliage, and detritus have difficulty in digesting the cellulose in their food. A remarkable biological mechanism allows some species to overcome this problem: in eating fungal tissue they ingest cellulolytic enzymes that allow them to exploit the potential nutritive value of plant fiber. Michael M. Martin, a chemical ecologist, here describes his laboratory investigations that led to the discovery of this phenomenon and explores the insights they have produced. In his opening chapter he provided general background on the three major areas of his research: cellulose digestion in insects, insect-microbial interactions, and the biochemical bases for symbiosis. He devotes two chapters to the role of fungi in the nutrition of two groups of wood feeders, the fungus-frowing termites and the siricid woodwasps, insects involved in complex, highly coevolved mutualistic associations with fungi. In the next two chapters he discusses the importance of fungi in the dietes fo detritus feeders and in wood-feeding cerambycid beetles, insects involved casually with free-living fungi. He then concludes with a chapter on the fungus-growing ants, another group that exhibits a spectacular mutualism with fungi. Michael M. Martin is Professor of Biology at the University of Michigan, where he has held a joint appointment as Professor of Chemistry and Biology.
Fungal Cellulolytic Enzymes
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Author : Xu Fang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-31
Fungal Cellulolytic Enzymes written by Xu Fang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-31 with Medical categories.
The book provides an overview of the current knowledge on cellulolytic enzymes and their applications. It summarizes the mechanisms of synthesis and hydrolysis of cellulolytic enzymes, industrial fungal strains, genetic engineering of fungal strains and application of cellulolytic enzymes. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and bioengineering experts engaged in lignocelluloses biodegradation, biomass utilization, enzyme production and fungal molecular biology.
Industrial Applications
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Author : Martin Hofrichter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-13
Industrial Applications written by Martin Hofrichter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-13 with Science categories.
This volume gives a survey of the state of the art in the traditional fields of industrial mycology as well as of selected novel applications of fungi. The first section deals with the use of fungi in the production and processing of bread, cheese, beer and wine, traditional Asian fermentation products and edible mushrooms. The second section is devoted to the production of fungal metabolites and enzymes representing value-added products. In addition to antibiotics, alkaloids organic acids, vitamins and industrial enzymes, which have successfully been in use for decades, it is also dedicated to fungal metabolites, such as insecticidal and nematicidal compounds, immunosurppressants and flavors with promising biotechnological potential. In the next section, the recent developments in fungal biotransformation of small molecules, the bioconversion of lignocelluloses as well as the use of fungi in metal recovery are presented. The final part introduces some innovative new trends in the field of applied mycology: the preparation of fungal bioherbicides, recent genomic approaches for the identification of biopolymer degrading enzymes, current developments in using oxidative enzymes from fungi as well as new attempts to transfer fungal remediation technologies into practice.
Recent Advancement In White Biotechnology Through Fungi
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Author : Ajar Nath Yadav
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-08
Recent Advancement In White Biotechnology Through Fungi written by Ajar Nath Yadav and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Science categories.
White biotechnology, or industrial biotechnology as it is also known, refers to the use of living cells and/or their enzymes to create industrial products that are more easily degradable, require less energy, create less waste during production and sometimes perform better than products created using traditional chemical processes. Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white biotechnology research, and further major scientific and technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low temperature, salinity and pH), and may be associated with plants (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric). The fungal strains are beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural, industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors, providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest developments and research in white biotechnology with a focus on diversity and enzymes.
Gene Expression Systems In Fungi Advancements And Applications
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Author : Monika Schmoll
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-04
Gene Expression Systems In Fungi Advancements And Applications written by Monika Schmoll and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-04 with Science categories.
Biotechnology has emerged as one of the key environmentally safe technologies for the future which enables use of biomass to develop novel smart materials and to replace oil derived products. Fungi are the most efficient producers of the enzymes needed for this purpose and in addition they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, among which novel antibiotics can be found. Industrial application and exploitation of the metabolic capacities of fungi requires highly productive and robust gene expression systems, which can be achieved by selection of appropriate species and strain improvement. In this book we aim to summarize homologous and heterologous gene expression systems of fungi for production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. A broad overview on requirements, challenges and successful applications shall serve as a basis for further development of fungi as biotechnological workhorses in research and industry.
Trichoderma And Gliocladium
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Author : Gary E. Harman
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-09-11
Trichoderma And Gliocladium written by Gary E. Harman and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-11 with Science categories.
Fungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma and Gliocladium are soil- bourne saprophytes which have been used for industrial and agricultural applications for decades. Some strains produce enzymes and antibiotics while others are useful as biological agents for the protection of plants against pathogens. This second volume of two describes the commercial uses of Trichoderma and Gliocladium, beginning with an in depth discussion of the degradation of polysaccharides and macromolecules by fungal enzymes. The application of the fungi in biocontrol for agricultural purposes is then examined. The final section of this volume deals with protein production and the utilisation of Trichoderma enzymes by various industries.
Fungal Bioremediation
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Author : Araceli Tomasini Campocosio
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-03-04
Fungal Bioremediation written by Araceli Tomasini Campocosio and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-04 with Science categories.
This book highlights the role fungi play in bioremediation, as well as the mechanisms and enzymes involved in this process. It covers the application of bioremediation with fungi in polluted sites and gives a wide overview of the main applications of remediation, such as degradation of xenobiotics, gaseous pollutants, and metal reduction. The book explains the degradation of emergent pollutants and radioactive compounds by fungi, which is relevant to the current pollution problems that have been studied over the last few decades. The book also describes the most advanced techniques and tools that are currently used in this field of study.
Biotechnology Of Yeasts And Filamentous Fungi
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Author : Andriy A. Sibirny
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-12
Biotechnology Of Yeasts And Filamentous Fungi written by Andriy A. Sibirny and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-12 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive overview on biotechnological applications of unicellular and multicellular fungi in a variety of industrial branches. Targeted genetic and metabolic engineering of fungi allows production of native and transgenic enzymes and proteins in industrial scales. Those most prominently find application in biorefineries for the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels, in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in biomedicine. Each chapter is dedicated to applications and potential beneficial use of particular strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their produced biomolecules. The book targets researchers from both academia and industry and graduate students working in microbial biotechnology.