Human Retrotransposons In Health And Disease
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Human Retrotransposons In Health And Disease
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Author : Gael Cristofari
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-06
Human Retrotransposons In Health And Disease written by Gael Cristofari and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-06 with Medical categories.
This unique book explores the role of retrotransposons in human health and disease. The ability of retrotransposons to affect the structure of human genes is recognized since the late 80’s. However, the advances of deep-sequencing technologies have shed new light on the extent of retrotransposon-mediated genome variations. These progresses have also led to the discovery that retrotransposon activity is not restricted to the germline - resulting in inheritable genetic variations - but can also mobilize in somatic tissues, such as embryonic stem cells, neuronal progenitor cells, or in many cancers. This book covers topics related to the effects of retrotransposon insertions, and their consequences on germline and somatic genome dynamics, but also discuss the role and impact of retrotransposons sequences in a broader context, including a number of novel topics that emerged recently (long non-coding RNA, neuronal disorders, exaptation) with unexpected connections between retrotransposons, stem cell maintenance, placentation, circadian cycles or aging.
Retrotransposons And Human Disease L1 Retrotransposons As A Source Of Genetic Diversity
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Author : Abram Gabriel
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2022-08-05
Retrotransposons And Human Disease L1 Retrotransposons As A Source Of Genetic Diversity written by Abram Gabriel and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-05 with Science categories.
Thirty years ago we knew that retrotransposons made up at least half of our genomes, but little about their role in biology. The human genome has since been sequenced and the position of all retrotransposons in the reference sequence has been determined. However, as of today, the function of retrotransposons still remains elusive. We know much more about the diseases associated with their movement and the host defenses we all have against them.This volume explores an array of diseases in humans associated with L1 retrotransposon movement within the human genome, including some cancers such as colon cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.The chapters explore the diversity of retrotransposons, their different biological mechanisms, the role of L1 in their movement, and their contribution to human diseases. This book posits that somatic events caused by retrotransposons have implications for mosaicism and are often associated with cancers. Germline events are common, occur quite early in development, and are a cause of single gene diseases. All in all, the authors implicate L1 retrotransposons as major sources of human diversity and advocate for their continued study.
Genomic Elements In Health Disease And Evolution
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Author : Kyriacos Felekkis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-30
Genomic Elements In Health Disease And Evolution written by Kyriacos Felekkis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-30 with Medical categories.
Over 98% of the human genome contains non-coding DNA sequences. For many years molecular biologists referred to this component of the genome as the “junk” DNA since it does not code for any “useful” protein product. Over the last years this notion changed significantly as scientists discovered that a large part of this DNA contains various genomic elements that have important roles in cell physiology. Genomic elements such as non-coding RNAs, transposons, splicing RNAs, DNA repeats and others were shown to play a significant role in regulating gene expression. In addition, all these elements were implicated to contribute in the pathogenesis or progression of various human diseases. In this book, the editor will attempt to describe all these genomic elements that constitute the junk DNA of the genome. For every genomic element, the physiologic role in the organism, its role in evolution and any possible involvement in human diseases will be discussed. Additionally, interaction between these elements in normal or pathologic condition will be discussed. Since a large amount of new knowledge is generated daily in regards to these genomic elements, this book will attempt to combine all the information in a single publication that can serve as a reference for future studies. The first part will discuss RNA elements such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piRNAs and splicing RNAs. The second part of the book will deal with transposons, retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Finally the third part of the book will discuss DNA elements that include DNA repeats, conserved non-coding sequences, distal genomic elements, introns, pseudogenes, CpG islands and telomeres. For miRNAs and CNVs a separate chapter will be dedicated to their role in human diseases since an extensive amount of information exists about these two elements.
Genome Plasticity In Health And Disease
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-04-08
Genome Plasticity In Health And Disease written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-08 with Medical categories.
Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease provides a fully up-to-date overview on genome plasticity and its role in human physiology and disease. Following an introduction to the field, a diverse range of chapters cover genomic and epigenomic analysis and the use of model organisms and genomic databases in studies. Specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms of genome plasticity are examined, including somatic variants, De Novo variants, founder variations, isolated populations dynamics, copy-number variations, mobile elements, DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, telomere dynamics and RNA editing. Later chapters explore disease relevance for cancer, as well as cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, inflammatory, and endocrine disease, and associated pathways for drug discovery. Examines the role of genome plasticity across a range of disease types, from cardiovascular disease, to cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders Adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with expert contributions across the spectrum of basic science and disease relevance to drug discovery
Genome Invading Rna Networks
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Author : Guenther Witzany
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-05-11
Genome Invading Rna Networks written by Guenther Witzany and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-11 with categories.
A new paradigmatic understanding of evolution, genetic novelty, code-generating, genome-formatting factors, infectious RNA Networks, viruses and other natural genetic content operators.
Environmental Epigenomics In Health And Disease
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Author : Randy L Jirtle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-05-16
Environmental Epigenomics In Health And Disease written by Randy L Jirtle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-16 with Medical categories.
There are now compelling human epidemiological and animal experimental data that indicate the risk of developing adult-onset complex diseases and neurological disorders are influenced by persistent epigenetic adaptations in response to prenatal and early postnatal exposures to environmental factors. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the sequence of the DNA. The main components of the epigenetic code are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. The epigenetic programs are established as stem cell differentiate during embryogenesis, and they are normally faithfully reproduced during mitosis. Moreover, they can also be maintained during meiosis, resulting in epigenetic transgenerational disease inheritance, and also potentially introducing phenotypic variation that is selected for in the evolution of new species. The objective of this book is to provide evidence that environmental exposures during early development can alter the risk of developing medical conditions, such as asthma, autism, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and schizophrenia later in life by modifying the epigenome.
Retrovirus Cell Interactions
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Author : Leslie Parent
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-08-09
Retrovirus Cell Interactions written by Leslie Parent and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-09 with Medical categories.
Retrovirus-Cell Interactions provides an up-to-date review of the interactions between retroviruses and the cells they infect, offering a comprehensive understanding of how retroviruses hijack cellular factors to facilitate virus replication. Drugs targeting viral enzymes have been developed to treat HIV; the next challenge is to inhibit virus-cell interactions as next generation treatment strategies. Organized according to the retrovirus' replication cycle, this book does not focus exclusively on HIV, but rather includes important findings in other retroviral systems, including animal retroviruses, retrotransposons, and endogenous retroelements to allow broad comparisons on important commonalities and differences. Provides a valuable starting point for people who want to develop a detailed understanding of retroviral replication Includes future-thinking strategies, such as next-generation treatment and anti-retroviral therapeutics Features important commonalities and differences among retroviral systems
Dna Methylation Development Genetic Disease And Cancer
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Author : Walter Doerfler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-11-16
Dna Methylation Development Genetic Disease And Cancer written by Walter Doerfler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-16 with Medical categories.
It has become apparent that the genomes of many organisms are characterized by unique patterns of DNA methylation which can differ from genome segment to genome segment and cell type to cell type. These patterns can be instrumental in determining cell type and function. Thus, it is not surprising that studies on the role of DNA methylation now occupy center stage in many fields of biology and medicine such as developmental biology, genetic imprinting, genetic disease, tumor biology, gene therapy, cloning of organisms and others. Once again, basic research in molecular biology has provided the essential foundation for investigations of biomedical problems.
Plant Transposable Elements
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Author : Deepu Pandita
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-06-30
Plant Transposable Elements written by Deepu Pandita and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-30 with Science categories.
This new volume provides an up-to-date understanding of the numerous classes of plant transposable elements, the mobile units of DNA that comprise large portions of plant genomes, which are an important contributor for gene and genome evolution. Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of large plant genomes and main drivers of genome evolution, known to produce a wide variety of changes in plant gene expression and function. Providing a systematic interpretation of protocols designed to characterize TEs and their biotechnological roles, the volume explores TEs in plant development, their architecture, their epigenetic regulation, their use in DNA repair, their evolution and speciation, while also highlighting their importance in the approaching epoch of climate change. The volume begins with introduction of transposable elements, covering their classification and transposition. It delves into protocols designed to characterize TEs and their biotechnological applications. The book includes computational approaches for prediction and analysis, retro-transposon capture sequencing, and more. The section on transposon biology focuses on its role in plant development and as natural genetic engineers of genome mutation, evolution, and speciation. The book looks further into transposon applications in genome editing, exploring tagging and mutagenesis, genome engineering, and more.
Early Life Origins Of Health And Disease
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Author : E. Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-02-26
Early Life Origins Of Health And Disease written by E. Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-26 with Medical categories.
Early Life Origins of Health and Disease is a new book which presents and discusses the many factors that may have impact on normal development. In a concise and readable manner, the authors consider both the proven and suggestive evidence that the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and, in some populations, kidney disease, may not be all due to genetics or adult environment alone. There is good evidence that stress and more subtle dietary deficiencies, as well as placental malfunction, may increase the risk that the offspring will develop these problems in later life. Finally, new and emerging evidence for other areas of human health and disease such a motor control and mental health is critically reviewed for the first time. The book is a ‘must’ for all scientists interested in researching these areas, as there is a critical evaluation of the methodology used and suggestions for the ‘optimal’ way in which to investigate these phenomena.