Imaging Microstructures
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Imaging Microstructures
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Author : Habib Ammari
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2009-09-03
Imaging Microstructures written by Habib Ammari and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-03 with Mathematics categories.
This book contains the proceedings of the research conference, ``Imaging Microstructures: Mathematical and Computational Challenges'', held at the Institut Henri Poincare, on June 18-20, 2008. The problems that appear in imaging microstructures pose significant challenges to our community. The methods involved come from a wide range of areas of pure and applied mathematics. The main purpose of this volume is to review the state-of the-art developments from analytic, numerical, and physics perspectives.
Assessing Cellular Microstructure In Biological Tissues Using In Vivo Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance
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Author : Julien Valette
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-05-16
Assessing Cellular Microstructure In Biological Tissues Using In Vivo Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance written by Julien Valette and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with categories.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have opened new doors for examining biological tissues in vivo. By combining sensitization to diffusion using magnetic field gradients with a variety of imaging and localization schemes, diffusion-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRS allow investigating translational diffusion of endogenous molecules, such as water or metabolites, in biological tissues, most commonly the brain but also other organs such as the prostate. The typical voxel resolution of MRI or MRS is in the millimeter to centimeter range, much lower than the cellular scale. However, as molecules are typically diffusing over just a few µm during the duration of the measurement (the “diffusion time”) and encounter numerous biological membranes at these scales, the average cellular microstructure has a critical influence on the measured diffusion signal. Hence, diffusion-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRS are sensitive to tissue microstructure at a scale well below the nominal imaging resolution. However, the connection between diffusion properties and tissue microstructure remains indirect, so any attempt to quantify microstructure will rely on modeling. The goal of this Research Topic was to gather experts in various acquisition and modeling strategies and show how these approaches, despite their own strengths and weaknesses, can yield unique information about cellular microstructure, and sometimes complement each other.
High Resolution Imaging And Spectrometry Of Materials
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Author : Frank Ernst
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
High Resolution Imaging And Spectrometry Of Materials written by Frank Ernst and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The characterisation of materials and material systems is an essential aspect of materials science. A few decades ago it became obvious that, because the properties of materials depend so critically on the microstructure of their components, this characterisation must be determined to the atomic level. This means that the position - as well as the nature - of individual atoms has to be determined at "critical" regions close to defects such as dislocations, interfaces, and surfaces. The great impact of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques became apparent in the area of semiconducting materials, where the nature of internal interfaces between silicon and the corresponding silicides could be identified, and the results used to enhance the understanding of the properties of the compounds studied. At that time, advanced TEM techniques existed predominantly in the US. However, advanced TEM instrumentation was not available in the ma terials science and solid-state science communities in Germany. This gap was bridged by the late Peter Haasen who, after a visit to the US, initiated a Priority Programme on Microstructural Characterisation at the Volkswagen Foundation (Hannover). The programme was in effect from 1985 to 1997 and supported a wide range of research projects - from fundamental, trendy, innovative projects to projects in applied materials science.
Image Analysis Of Food Microstructure
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Author : John C Russ
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-08-30
Image Analysis Of Food Microstructure written by John C Russ and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-30 with categories.
Image Analysis of Food Microstructure offers a condensed guide to the most common procedures and techniques by which quantitative microstructural information about food can be obtained from images. The images are selected from a broad range of food items, including macroscopic images of meat and finished products such as pizza, and the microstructures of cheeses, dough and baked goods, ice cream, fruits and vegetables, emulsions, foams, and gels. The book informs food scientists about the image processing and measurement tools used to characterize a variety of microstructures in foods, using high-quality image techniques to illustrate chemical composition, thermo-mechanical processing, and genetic and structural properties. These different types of images used to measure various aspects of structure include: macroscopic light photography, confocal light microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscope images, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography. Then the text explains how to interpret images to produce data, plot the results in different graphs, and identify trends. Examples using these image analysis techniques show typical results that researchers can expect and recreate. Image Analysis of Food Microstructure summarizes the basic procedures that can be useful in various aspects of food research, from nutraceuticals to cooking and food processing. It presents the processing of images and mathematical principles needed for image analyses in a step-by-step approach to extract key information from the images obtained.
Image Based Fractal Description Of Microstructures
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Author : J.M. Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Image Based Fractal Description Of Microstructures written by J.M. Li and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fractal analysis has rapidly become an important field in materials science and engineering with broad applications to theoretical analysis and quantitative description of microstructures of materials. Fractal methods have thus far shown great potential in engineering applications in quantitative microscopic analysis of materials using commercial microscopes. This book attempts to introduce the fundamentals and the basis methods of fractal description of microstructures in combination with digital imaging and computer technologies. Basic concepts are given in the form of mathematical expressions. Detailed algorithms in practical applications are also provided. Fractal measurement, error analysis and fractal description of cluster growth, thin films and surfaces are emphasized in this book. Image-Based Fractal Description of Microstructures provides a comprehensive approach to materials characterization by fractal from theory to application.
Image Analysis In Earth Sciences
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Author : Renée Heilbronner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-03
Image Analysis In Earth Sciences written by Renée Heilbronner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-03 with Science categories.
Image Analysis in Earth Sciences is a graduate level textbook for researchers and students interested in the quantitative microstructure and texture analysis of earth materials. Methods of analysis and applications are introduced using carefully worked examples. The input images are typically derived from earth materials, acquired at a wide range of scales, through digital photography, light and electron microscopy. The book focuses on image acquisition, pre- and post-processing, on the extraction of objects (segmentation), the analysis of volumes and grain size distributions, on shape fabric analysis (particle and surface fabrics) and the analysis of the frequency domain (FFT and ACF). The last chapters are dedicated to the analysis of crystallographic fabrics and orientation imaging. Throughout the book the free software Image SXM is used.
Microstructural Characterization Of Materials
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Author : David Brandon
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 2008-07-21
Microstructural Characterization Of Materials written by David Brandon and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-21 with Science categories.
Microstructural Characterization of Materials- 2nd Edition David Brandon and Wayne D. Kaplan. Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Microstructural characterization is usually achieved by allowing some form of probe to interact with a carefully prepared specimen. The most commonly used probes are visible light, X-ray radiation, a high-energy electron beam, or a sharp, flexible needle. These four types of probe form the basis for optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy. The book is an introduction to the expertise involved in assessing the microstructure of engineering materials and to the experimental methods used for this purpose. Similar to the first edition, this 2nd edition of Microstructural Characterization of Materials explores the methodology of materials characterization under the three headings of crystal structure, microstructural morphology, and microanalysis. The principal methods of characterization, including diffraction analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and chemical microanalytical techniques are treated both qualitatively and quantitatively. An additional chapter has been added to the new edition to cover surface probe microscopy, and there are new sections on digital image recording and analysis, orientation imaging microscopy, focused ion-beam instruments, atom-probe microscopy, and 3-D image reconstruction. As well as being fully updated, this second edition also includes revised and expanded examples and exercises. The book should appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students of material science, materials engineering, and materials chemistry, as well as to qualified engineers and more advanced researchers, who should find the book a useful and comprehensive general reference source.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Author : Wim Van Hecke
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-14
Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Wim Van Hecke and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-14 with Medical categories.
This book provides an overview of the practical aspects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), from understanding the basis of the technique through selection of the right protocols, trouble-shooting data quality, and analyzing DTI data optimally. DTI is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualizing and quantifying tissue microstructure based on diffusion. The book discusses the theoretical background underlying DTI and advanced techniques based on higher-order models and multi-shell diffusion imaging. It covers the practical implementation of DTI; derivation of information from DTI data; and a range of clinical applications, including neurosurgical planning and the assessment of brain tumors. Its practical utility is enhanced by decision schemes and a fully annotated DTI brain atlas, including color fractional anisotropy maps and 3D tractography reconstructions of major white matter fiber bundles. Featuring contributions from leading specialists in the field of DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Practical Handbook is a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, MRI technicians and clinicians.
3d Analysis Of The Myocardial Microstructure
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Author : Johanna Maria Ticar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-16
3d Analysis Of The Myocardial Microstructure written by Johanna Maria Ticar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-16 with Science categories.
The master thesis of Johanna Maria Ticar reveals high-resolution insights into the myocardial microstructure and illustrates that cardiac muscle fibers are straight, running in parallel with one preferred fiber direction, however, deposits such as fat seem to compromise the regular and compact structure. Second harmonic generation imaging combined with optical tissue clearing is an accurate method for determining the three-dimensional muscle fiber and sheet orientations and hence, allows the calculation of fiber rotation throughout the ventricle wall.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Nicole Seiberlich
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-11-18
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-18 with Computers categories.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches