Imaging Synapse Structure And Function
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Imaging Synapse Structure And Function
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Author : George J. Augustine
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-07-06
Imaging Synapse Structure And Function written by George J. Augustine and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-06 with categories.
Development of new imaging technologies in recent years has transformed neuroscience in profound ways. Following on the heels of the revolution based on the Green Fluorescent Protein, refined genetically-encoded fluorescent reporters and genetic targeting strategies now enable optical recording of synaptic transmission in defined neuronal populations at speeds approaching the enviable temporal resolution of electrophysiology. Super-resolution light microscopy permits observation of synapses and their molecular machinery at sub-diffraction resolution. At the ultrastructural level, automated forms of electron microscopy, improvements in specimen fixation methods, and recent efforts to correlate data from light and electron micrographs now make the reconstruction of functional neural circuits a reality. Finally, the use of optogenetic actuators, such as channelrhodopsins, allows precise temporal and spatial manipulation of neuronal activity and is revealing profound insights into the organization of neural circuits and their roles in behavior. This research topic highlights recent advances in both light and electron microscopy, with a specific focus on approaches that combine innovations from several different fields to obtain novel information about synapse structure and function. We are confident that this collection of articles - three original research papers, six reviews, one methods paper and one perspective article - will enable neuroscientists to achieve the next generation of experiments aimed at cracking the neural code.
Development Structure And Function Of Vertebrate Retinas A Virtual Festschrift For Prof Steve Massey
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Author : David W. Marshak
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-09-19
Development Structure And Function Of Vertebrate Retinas A Virtual Festschrift For Prof Steve Massey written by David W. Marshak and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-19 with Medical categories.
This is a remarkable time to study the vertebrate retina, either as a model for the brain or to understand the first steps in vison. We have known about the diversity of retinal neurons and glia for more than one hundred years, and we are now extending these findings and making new discoveries about retinal cell types by analyzing gene expression in single cells. We have made significant progress toward our ultimate goals of describing the neural circuits in the retinas at the level of connections between identified populations of neurons and understanding neuronal and glial cell function at the molecular level. We have also made great strides toward understanding retinal development and the etiology of retinal diseases. Physiologists are now using more realistic stimuli and modern analytical methods to analyze the mechanisms underlying light responses of retinal neurons, and this has led to more accurate computational models of neural circuits in the retina. My colleague at the McGovern Medical School in Houston, Steve Massey, has made many important contributions to this field, both as a researcher and as a mentor, and he is planning his retirement. Judith Ogilvie, Christophe Ribelayga, Chai-an Mao and I will dedicate this issue to him and plan to publish some of his latest work. This Research Topic will include mini-reviews and brief communications about neurons and neural circuits in vertebrate retinas. The scope will be very broad, including anatomical, physiological, psychophysical and computational approaches to this topic. Potential topics include, but are not restricted to: • Development. morphology and synaptic connections of neuronal types • Light responses, spontaneous activity and membrane properties of retinal neurons • Gene expression and other aspects of cell biology of identified retinal neurons • Release of neurotransmitters and modulators and their effects in the retina • Structure and function of electrical synapses in the retina • Neural circuits that mediate responses to color, contrast and movement • Roles of neuroglia in retinal development, homeostasis and light responses • Contributions of neural circuits in the retina to visual perception • Evolution of neuronal types and neural circuits in the retina • Novel techniques for analyzing retinal neurons and neural circuits • Non-invasive methods to analyze retinal structure and function • Etiology of retinal diseases and potential new therapies • Directions for future research on the vertebrate retina
Structural And Functional Organization Of The Synapse
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Author : Johannes W. Hell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-06-25
Structural And Functional Organization Of The Synapse written by Johannes W. Hell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-25 with Medical categories.
This new Springer volume, which comes complete with a free DVD, is a comprehensive and detailed overview of the synapse with emphasis on the glutamatergic synapse. Most chapters relate the synapse’s functional aspects to its molecular mechanisms. This approach shows which mechanisms are characterized on both the functional and structural level and can thus be considered firmly established. It’s an important text for neuroscientists and disease-oriented clinicians in neurology.
History Of The Synapse
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Author : Max R. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-09-02
History Of The Synapse written by Max R. Bennett and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-02 with Science categories.
The History of the Synapse provides a history of those discoveries concerning the identification and function of synapses that provide the foundations for research during this new century with a personal view of the process by which new concepts have developed. Previously published as essays, the chapters in this book provide a history of various aspects of synaptic function, beginning with the evolution over two and a half thousand years and how progress was made in the establishment of a conceptual structure that would allow the synapse to be identified at the beginning of the 20th century. Numerous illustrations explain either the technical approach or the experimental finding.
Discovering The Brain
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Author : National Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-01-01
Discovering The Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Medical categories.
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Cell Biology By The Numbers
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Author : Ron Milo
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2015-12-07
Cell Biology By The Numbers written by Ron Milo and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-07 with Science categories.
A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
Regulation Of Synaptic Structure And Function
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Author : Zhiyong Shao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-18
Regulation Of Synaptic Structure And Function written by Zhiyong Shao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-18 with Science categories.
Foundations Of Neuroscience
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Author : Casey Henley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Foundations Of Neuroscience written by Casey Henley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Biology categories.
Dendritic Spines From Shape To Function
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Author : Nicolas Heck
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-02-03
Dendritic Spines From Shape To Function written by Nicolas Heck and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-03 with Cerebral cortex categories.
One fundamental requisite for a comprehensive view on brain function and cognition is the understanding of the neuronal network activity of the brain. Neurons are organized into complex networks, interconnected through synapses. The main sites for excitatory synapses in the brain are thin protrusions called dendritic spines that emerge from dendrites. Dendritic spines have a distinct morphology with a specific molecular organization. They are considered as subcellular compartments that constrain diffusion and influence signal processing by the neuron and, hence, spines are functional integrative units for which morphology and function are tightly coupled. The density of spines along the dendrite reflects the levels of connectivity within the neuronal network. Furthermore, the relevance of studying dendritic spines is emphasized by the observation that their morphology changes with synaptic plasticity and is altered in many psychiatric disorders. The present Research Topic deals with some of the most recent findings concerning dendritic spine structure and function, showing that, in order to understand how brain neuronal activity operates, these two factors should be regarded as being intrinsically linked.
Biophysics Of Computation
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Author : Christof Koch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-10-28
Biophysics Of Computation written by Christof Koch and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-28 with Medical categories.
Neural network research often builds on the fiction that neurons are simple linear threshold units, completely neglecting the highly dynamic and complex nature of synapses, dendrites, and voltage-dependent ionic currents. Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons challenges this notion, using richly detailed experimental and theoretical findings from cellular biophysics to explain the repertoire of computational functions available to single neurons. The author shows how individual nerve cells can multiply, integrate, or delay synaptic inputs and how information can be encoded in the voltage across the membrane, in the intracellular calcium concentration, or in the timing of individual spikes.Key topics covered include the linear cable equation; cable theory as applied to passive dendritic trees and dendritic spines; chemical and electrical synapses and how to treat them from a computational point of view; nonlinear interactions of synaptic input in passive and active dendritic trees; the Hodgkin-Huxley model of action potential generation and propagation; phase space analysis; linking stochastic ionic channels to membrane-dependent currents; calcium and potassium currents and their role in information processing; the role of diffusion, buffering and binding of calcium, and other messenger systems in information processing and storage; short- and long-term models of synaptic plasticity; simplified models of single cells; stochastic aspects of neuronal firing; the nature of the neuronal code; and unconventional models of sub-cellular computation.Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons serves as an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in cellular biophysics, computational neuroscience, and neural networks, and will appeal to students and professionals in neuroscience, electrical and computer engineering, and physics.