Induction And Justification
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The Justification Of Induction
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Author : Richard Swinburne
language : en
Publisher: [London ; New York] : Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1974
The Justification Of Induction written by Richard Swinburne and has been published by [London ; New York] : Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Induction (Logic). categories.
Induction And Justification
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Author : Frederick L. Will
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Induction And Justification written by Frederick L. Will and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Philosophy categories.
Induction
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Author : Nicholas Rescher
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1980-01-01
Induction written by Nicholas Rescher and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980-01-01 with Induction (Logic) categories.
Hume S Problem
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Author : Colin Howson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000
Hume S Problem written by Colin Howson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, that of induction. It explores the implications of Hume's argument that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory.
The Problem Of Induction And Its Solution
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Author : Jerrold J. Katz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Problem Of Induction And Its Solution written by Jerrold J. Katz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Hume S Problem Solved
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Author : Gerhard Schurz
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-05-07
Hume S Problem Solved written by Gerhard Schurz and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-07 with Philosophy categories.
A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of meta-induction (the application of induction to competing prediction models). Drawing on discoveries in computational learning theory, Schurz demonstrates that a regret-based learning strategy, attractivity-weighted meta-induction, is predictively optimal in all possible worlds among all prediction methods accessible to the epistemic agent. Moreover, the a priori justification of meta-induction generates a noncircular a posteriori justification of object induction. Taken together, these two results provide a noncircular solution to Hume's problem. Schurz discusses the philosophical debate on the problem of induction, addressing all major attempts at a solution to Hume's problem and describing their shortcomings; presents a series of theorems, accompanied by a description of computer simulations illustrating the content of these theorems (with proofs presented in a mathematical appendix); and defends, refines, and applies core insights regarding the optimality of meta-induction, explaining applications in neighboring disciplines including forecasting sciences, cognitive science, social epistemology, and generalized evolution theory. Finally, Schurz generalizes the method of optimality-based justification to a new strategy of justification in epistemology, arguing that optimality justifications can avoid the problems of justificatory circularity and regress.
Justification Of Induction By Inference To Lesser Coincidence
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Author : Daniel Jonathan Elstein
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Justification Of Induction By Inference To Lesser Coincidence written by Daniel Jonathan Elstein and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
I begin by identifying David Hume's problem of induction. Hume argues that induction cannot be justified by a priori reasoning, because the failure of induction does not imply contradiction, or by a posteriori reasoning, because reasoning that the unobserved will resemble the observed based on observation would be circular. Hume concludes that induction cannot be justified by any reasoning. The principle that nature is uniform cannot be established without assuming that nature is uniform. But many paradigmatic instances of induction can be justified in terms of something weaker than the principle that nature is uniform, namely a form of reasoning I call "inference to lesser coincidence". This form of reasoning is meant to incorporate traditional formulations of the justification of induction expressed in terms of inference to the best explanation, statistical sampling, and Bayesian reasoning. My version of the argument is as follows: The conditional, time-invariant proposition that vast regularities in progress are likely to continue somewhat further is either true or false. If false, then the regularities we have observed are colossally coincidental. If true, they are far less coincidental. Therefore the proposition is probably true. If, in fact, vast regularities in progress are likely to continue, this has application to specific cases, such as the possibility that the Sun will rise again. I respond to three objections, which claim that time-restricted laws lessen the coincidence of observed regularities without making it likely that the Sun will rise again, that the "sample" of observed events might be biased, and that a zero prior probability assignment for dependence might be justified. I conclude by discussing the meaning of 'cause'.
The Problem Of Induction
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Author : Eva Frischmann
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-08-02
The Problem Of Induction written by Eva Frischmann and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-02 with Education categories.
Scientific Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - Theory of Science, Anthropology, grade: 1,0, University of Sussex, course: Philosophy of Science, language: English, abstract: The Problem of Induction has often been considered to be one of the main challenges in the philosophy of science (see e.g., Noonan 1999: 11, Ladyman 2005: 39, Beebee 2006: 37). Even Maxwell (1972) highlighted the relevance of the problem as it might undermine the rationality of science (Maxwell 1972: 137-140). The present paper does not aim at providing a review of the entire debate but has a rather modest aim: Presenting one particular view of the Problem of Induction and evaluating in how far Popper’s theory might be seen as a solution to this problem. Our first point will be to define (one version of) the Problem of Induction. Having done so, the task will be to look at what Popper says with regard to this problem. It will turn out that there are three main lines of reasoning within Popper’s work concerning the Problem of Induction, namely his falsificationist account, his anti-justificationist account, and his rationalist account. For each of those lines of argumentation, we will examine what Popper means by it, why he claims it, whether we are convinced by it and whether it might solve the Problem of Induction.
Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine
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Author : Derek Doyle
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2005-01
Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine written by Derek Doyle and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01 with Medical categories.
The Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine has firmly established itself as the definitive book on the subject and is used in more than 8,000 palliative care services in over 100 countries. This new edition has been completely rewritten and revised to reflect the rapid growth of the specialty. Two world-famous doctors, Sir Kenneth Calman and Nathan Cherny, bring vast experience to the book and have joined Derek Doyle and Geoffrey Hanks on the editorial team. There are authoritative, international contributions from over 150 renowned experts. The book provides comprehensive coverage of ethical issues, communication, research, patient evaluation and outcome measures, the principles of drug use, symptom management, and the management of pain. Nutrition, paediatric palliative medicine, palliative medicine in non-malignant disease, cultural and spiritual issues, social, and work related issues, rehabilitation, complementary therapies, palliative medicine in the home, bereavement, and education and training are also covered in detail. The new edition includes sixty-six completely new chapters and contributors. New sections and chapters devoted exclusively to such non-malignant conditions as cardiac disease, non-malignant respiratory disease, non-malignant neurological disease and AIDS have been added as well as new chapters on palliative medicine in intensive care and geriatric care, and complementary and alternative therapies in palliative medicine. There is a brand new section on the contributions to palliative care of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, music- , art- and speech- therapists, stoma therapists, clinical pharmacists and clinical psychologists. Every chapter used in the first two editions has been radically reviewed and brought up to date. A striking new page and cover design reflects the significant changes made in this edition. Like its predecessors, OTPM3 will be the trusted and ultimate reference which no palliative care service or medical library can afford to be without.
Peirce S And Lewis S Theories Of Induction
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Author : Chung-ying Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Peirce S And Lewis S Theories Of Induction written by Chung-ying Cheng and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
This book is based on my doctoral dissertation written at Harvard University in the year of 1963. My interest in Peirce was inspired by Professor D. C. Williams and that in Lewis by Professor Roderick Firth. To both of them lowe a great deal, not only in my study of Peirce and Lewis, but in my general approach toward the problems of knowledge and reality. Specifically, I wish to acknowledge Professor Williams for his patient and careful criticisms of the original manuscripts of this book. I also wish to thank Professor Firth and Professor Israel Scheffler for their many suggestive comments regarding my discussions of induc tion. However, any error in this study of Peirce and Lewis is completely due to myself. Chung-ying Cheng Honolulu, Hawaii March,1967 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE V SUMMARY IX CHAPTER I: Introduction I I. Problem of Justifying Induction and Proposal for Its Dissolution I 2. Two Types of Recent Arguments for the Validity of Induction 3 Arguments from Paradigm Cases and Uses of Words 4 3.