Inequality Of Opportunity
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Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-02-15
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.
We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.
Inequality Of Opportunity
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Author : Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2011-10-12
Inequality Of Opportunity written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Author : Ricardo Paes de Barros
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-11-12
Measuring Inequality Of Opportunities In Latin America And The Caribbean written by Ricardo Paes de Barros and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Equality of opportunity is about leveling the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, place of birth, or family background do not influence a person s life chances. Success in life should depend on people s choices, effort and talents, not to their circumstances at birth. 'Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean' introduces new methods for measuring inequality of opportunities and makes an assessment of its evolution in Latin America over a decade. An innovative Human Opportunity Index and other parametric and non-parametric techniques are presented for quantifying inequality based on circumstances exogenous to individual efforts. These methods are applied to gauge inequality of opportunities in access to basic services for children, learning achievement for youth, and income and consumption for adults.
Inequality For All
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Author : William Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Teachers College Press
Release Date : 2015-04-17
Inequality For All written by William Schmidt and has been published by Teachers College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-17 with Education categories.
Inequality for All makes an important contribution to current debates about economic inequalities and the growing achievement gap, particularly in mathematics and science education. The authors argue that the greatest source of variation in opportunity to learn is not between local communities, or even schools, but between classrooms. They zero in on one of the core elements of schooling—coverage of subject matter content—and examine how such opportunities are distributed across the millions of school children in the United States. Drawing on data from the third TIMMS international study of curriculum and achievement, as well as a six-district study of over 500 schools across the United States, they point to Common Core State Standards as being a key step in creating a more level playing field for all students. William H. Schmidt is University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University and co-director of the Education Policy Center. Curtis C. McKnight is emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of Oklahoma.
Inequality Of Opportunity
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Author : Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2011-10-12
Inequality Of Opportunity written by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.
The Undeserving Rich
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Author : Leslie McCall
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-29
The Undeserving Rich written by Leslie McCall and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Political Science categories.
It is widely assumed that Americans care little about income inequality, believe opportunities abound, admire the rich, and dislike redistributive policies. Leslie McCall contends that such assumptions are based on both incomplete survey data and economic conditions of the past and not present. In fact, Americans have desired less inequality for decades, and McCall's book explains why. Americans become most concerned about inequality in times of inequitable growth, when they view the rich as prospering while opportunities for good jobs, fair pay and high quality education are restricted for everyone else. As a result, they favor policies to expand opportunity and redistribute earnings in the workplace, reducing inequality in the market rather than redistributing income after the fact with tax and spending policies. This book resolves the paradox of how Americans can express little enthusiasm for welfare state policies and still yearn for a more equitable society, and forwards a new model of preferences about income inequality rooted in labor market opportunities rather than welfare state policies.
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Shekhar Aiyar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Inequality Of Opportunity Inequality Of Income And Economic Growth written by Mr.Shekhar Aiyar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The Broken Ladder
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Author : Keith Payne
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2017-05-02
The Broken Ladder written by Keith Payne and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-02 with Social Science categories.
A timely examination by a leading scientist of the physical, psychological, and moral effects of inequality. Today’s inequality is on a scale that none of us has seen in our lifetimes, yet this disparity between rich and poor has ramifications that extend far beyond mere financial means. In The Broken Ladder psychologist Keith Payne examines how inequality divides us not just economically, but has profound consequences for how we think, how our cardiovascular systems respond to stress, how our immune systems function, and how we view moral ideas like justice and fairness. Experiments in psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics have not only revealed important new insights on how inequality changes people in predictable ways, but have provided a corrective to our flawed way of viewing poverty as the result of individual character failings. Among modern, developed societies, economic inequality is not primarily about money, but rather about relative status: where we stand in relation to other people. Regardless of their average income, countries or states with greater levels of income inequality have much higher rates of all the social problems we associate with poverty, including lower average life expectancies, serious health issues, mental illness, and crime. The Broken Ladder explores such issues as why women in poor societies often have more children, and have them younger; why there is little trust among the working class that investing for the future will pay off; why people’s perception of their relative social status affects their political beliefs, and why growing inequality leads to greater political divisions; how poverty raises stress levels in the same way as a physical threat; inequality in the workplace, and how it affects performance; why unequal societies become more religious; and finally offers measures people can take to lessen the harm done by inequality in their own lives and the lives of their children.
Inequality In The Developing World
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Author : Carlos Gradín
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-11
Inequality In The Developing World written by Carlos Gradín and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries--Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa. Each is a persistently high or newly high inequality context and, with the changing global inequality situation as context, country chapters investigate the main factors shaping their different inequality dynamics. Particular attention is paid to how broader societal inequalities arising outside of the labour market have intersected with the rapidly changing labour market milieus of the last few decades. Collectively, these chapters provide a nuanced discussion of key distributive phenomena such as the high concentration of income among the most affluent people, gender inequalities, and social mobility. Substantive tax and social benefit policies that each country implemented to mitigate these inequality dynamics are assessed in detail. The book takes lessons from these contexts back into the global analysis of inequality and social mobility and the policies needed to address inequality.