Inflammation In Respiratory And Neurological Diseases And The Immune Interaction Of The Lung Brain Axis
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Inflammation In Respiratory And Neurological Diseases And The Immune Interaction Of The Lung Brain Axis
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Author : Xiaohuan Xia
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-01-18
Inflammation In Respiratory And Neurological Diseases And The Immune Interaction Of The Lung Brain Axis written by Xiaohuan Xia and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-18 with Medical categories.
Despite great advances in diagnosis and treatment that we witnessed in the last decades, over a billion people suffer from both respiratory and neurological diseases each year, which poses great threats to the public health and economic burden worldwide. In many instances, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood, which significantly limits the efficacy of therapeutic methods. In this regard, lines of evidence pinpoint the important role of immunity and inflammation in both respiratory disorders (e.g., pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, etc.) and neurological ones (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, depression, etc.). The accumulation of inflammatory cells and an excess of cytokines and chemokines at the inflammatory site would result from the disturbance of the body's delicate balance between immunity and tolerance. Therefore, it gives rise to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity underlying the development of both lung and neurological diseases. Furthermore, the inflammation interaction between lung and brain has been identified, suggesting the existence and importance of the lung-brain axis in the regulation of immune responses in the lung and brain that contribute to the onset and progression of both respiratory and neurological diseases. Nevertheless, inflammatory or immunity related risk factors as well novel targets and therapies against inflammation or immunity help early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory and neurological diseases. At present, the full picture of the molecular mechanisms of how immuno-inflammatory activation and the immune cells orchestrate the tissue remodeling leading to respiratory and neurological diseases remains unclear. The identification of inflammatory molecules as therapeutic targets or biomarkers are worth further scrutiny to halt the disease progression and monitor the therapeutic interventions.
Community Series In Inflammation In Respiratory And Neurological Diseases And The Immune Interaction Of The Lung Brain Axis Volume Ii
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Author : Jialin C. Zheng
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-07-31
Community Series In Inflammation In Respiratory And Neurological Diseases And The Immune Interaction Of The Lung Brain Axis Volume Ii written by Jialin C. Zheng and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-31 with Medical categories.
This Research Topic is the second volume of the "Inflammation in Respiratory and Neurological Diseases and the immune-interaction of the lung-brain axis" Community Series. Please see volume I here. Despite great advances in diagnosis and treatment that we have witnessed in the last decades, over a billion people suffer from both respiratory and neurological diseases each year, which poses great threats to public health and economic burden worldwide. In many instances, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood, which significantly limits the efficacy of therapeutic methods. In this regard, lines of evidence pinpoint the important role of immunity and inflammation in both respiratory disorders (e.g., pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, etc.) and neurological ones (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, depression, etc.). The accumulation of inflammatory cells and an excess of cytokines and chemokines at the inflammatory site would result from the disturbance of the body's delicate balance between immunity and tolerance. Therefore, it gives rise to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity underlying the development of both lung and neurological diseases. Furthermore, the inflammation interaction between lung and brain has been identified, suggesting the existence and importance of the lung-brain axis in the regulation of immune responses in the lung and brain that contribute to the onset and progression of both respiratory and neurological diseases. Nevertheless, inflammatory or immunity related risk factors as well as novel targets and therapies against inflammation or immunity help early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory and neurological diseases. At present, the full picture of the molecular mechanisms of how immuno-inflammatory activation and the immune cells orchestrate the tissue remodeling leading to respiratory and neurological diseases remains unclear. The identification of inflammatory molecules as therapeutic targets or biomarkers are worth further scrutiny to halt the disease progression and monitor the therapeutic interventions. The goal of this Research Topic is to provide an overview of the immunomodulatory mechanisms, novel targets, and therapies against the inflammatory mediators, the inflammatory interaction between lung and brain as well as inflammation-related risk factors in respiratory and neurological diseases. It will enhance our comprehension of immunity as a crucial player in the crosstalk between the lung and brain under physiological and pathological conditions. We welcome the submission of Review, Original Research articles, and Clinical Trial data that cover, but are not limited to, the following topics: (1) Immunity and inflammation related mechanisms in respiratory and neurological diseases. (2) Novel targets against inflammation or immunity in respiratory and neurological diseases. (3) Novel therapies (e.g., exosomes, engineered immunomodulatory agents, nanomaterials) against inflammation or immunity in respiratory and neurological disorders. (4) The inflammatory interactions of lung and brain under physiological and pathological conditions. (5) The identification of inflammation- or immunity-related risk factors (traditional and genetic) contributing to respiratory and neurological diseases for the development of novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Aging Peripheral Inflammation And Neurodegeneration
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Author : Caroline Haikal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-12-26
Aging Peripheral Inflammation And Neurodegeneration written by Caroline Haikal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-26 with Science categories.
Aging is a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. The immune response is often dysregulated in aging, leading to a predisposition towards a state of chronic inflammation. The precise processes which support this inflammatory state are still a subject of debate, however, cell- and tissue-specific transcriptional changes in several immune-related genes have been identified as potential drivers. In addition to genetic changes, losses in the bacterial diversity within the microbiome are also observed during aging. However, it is unclear whether this may be a cause or consequence of inflammation. Host-microbiome interactions are highly complex and are known to modulate the immune response in several ways. For instance, while bacteria and some bacterial byproducts such as short chain fatty acids can induce differentiation of regulatory T cells and stimulate secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, other byproducts can activate pathogen recognition receptors to induce inflammation. Bacteria can also regulate the transcription of human genes that regulate immune homeostasis and pathogen response. In turn, microRNAs produced by the gut epithelium can regulate transcription in bacteria.
Lung Inflammation In Health And Disease Volume I
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Author : Yong-Xiao Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-31
Lung Inflammation In Health And Disease Volume I written by Yong-Xiao Wang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-31 with Medical categories.
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334 million from asthma, the most common chronic disease. Each year, tens of millions of people develop and can die from from respiratory infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma, COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for those affected. Current treatment options for lung disease are neither effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the molecular and physiological significance of most major lung diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses, treatment options, and predictive prognoses. This is the first text to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes, experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease. Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will also help to direct future research in lung disease and other inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel therapeutics.
Interactions Of The Gut Microbiota And The Innate Immune System
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Author : Daniel Erny
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-19
Interactions Of The Gut Microbiota And The Innate Immune System written by Daniel Erny and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-19 with Science categories.
Viral Parasitic Bacterial And Fungal Infections
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Author : Debasis Bagchi
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-10-15
Viral Parasitic Bacterial And Fungal Infections written by Debasis Bagchi and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-15 with Science categories.
Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections: Antimicrobial, Host Defense, and Therapeutic Strategies highlight diverse types of infections, including viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and other medications, nutraceuticals, and phytotherapeutics. This book addresses the molecular, pathophysiological, and cellular pathways involved in the process of infection. It also examines the host defense mechanisms modulated by innate and adaptive immunity. The book starts off with an introduction, which includes etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of infections. It then goes on to cover a wide spectrum of salient features involved in viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections and effective therapeutic strategies. In addition, there is a complete section of eight chapters elaborating the detailed aspects of COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, and strategic vaccines and therapeutics. The book further goes on to discuss novel antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, phytotherapeutics, and aspects on boosting immune competence. Contributed by experts in the fields of viral, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal infections, the book comprehensively details the various types of infections such as herpes and COVID-19, their molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies for those engaged in the research of infectious diseases. - Details the pathophysiology of various classes of infections - Examines mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunity, and therapeutics in bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic infectious diseases - Discusses various aspects on herpes, COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, vaccines, and therapeutics - Covers the salient features on zoonosis, prion disease, and diabetic foot infections - Provides therapeutic strategies of using new antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, structurally diverse phytotherapeutics, immune enhancers, and other modalities for treating infections
Neuro Immune Interactions In Inflammation And Autoimmunity
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Author : Valentin A. Pavlov
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-07-24
Neuro Immune Interactions In Inflammation And Autoimmunity written by Valentin A. Pavlov and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-24 with categories.
The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural circuits and indicated new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological and bioelectronic modulation of neural circuitry has been successfully explored in preclinical settings of sepsis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-driven disorders, diabetes and other diseases. These studies paved the way to successful clinical trials with bioelectronic neuronal modulation in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysregulated release of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules may have a severe impact on brain function. Brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), imbalances in brain neuronal integrity and neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive impairment are characteristic features of post-operative conditions, sepsis, liver diseases, diabetes and other disorders characterized by immune and metabolic dysregulation. Derangements in cytokine release also play a pivotal role in depression. Characteristic brain reactive antibodies in autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, significantly contribute to brain pathology and cognitive impairment. These studies, and the simultaneous characterization of neuro-protective cytokines, identified new therapeutic approaches for treating neurological complications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This Frontiers Research Topic is a forum for publishing research findings and methodological and conceptual advances at the intersection of immunology and neuroscience. We hope that presenting new insight into bi-directional neuro-immune communication in inflammation and autoimmunity will foster further collaborations and facilitate the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies.
Every Body Should Know This
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Author : Federica Amati
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2024-04-25
Every Body Should Know This written by Federica Amati and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-25 with Health & Fitness categories.
***AS SEEN ON THIS MORNING*** CHANGE YOUR APPROACH TO EATING IN 2025 FOR A LIFETIME OF HEALTH ‘An essential nutrition and lifestyle guide across the lifespan. A fascinating DIY guide to food and health – read it!’ Dr Tim Spector, author of Spoon Fed and Food for Life ‘This book contains the most critical answers to nutrition that we’ve all been searching for. A must read’ Steven Bartlett 'Truly amazing and completely transformative’ Davina McCall ---- A SCIENCE-BACKED NUTRITION GUIDE FOR ALL LIFE STAGES In Every Body Should Know This, medical scientist and Head Nutritionist at ZOE, Dr Federica Amati explores the real science behind nutrition. By following her advice, you will learn how to eat for best health at each life stage and discover what every body should know, such as . . . - The truth surrounding superfoods and ultra-processed foods - Why nutrition plays a crucial role from before conception to senior years - How food choices can support longevity - Targeted tips for good health at each life stage With this book, you will gain insights into what foods work for the bodies and minds of you and your loved ones, and implement clear, nutritional strategies backed by the latest scientific research for men, women and children. Because when it comes to food, one size does not fit all. ---- 'A definitive guide on not just what to eat, but when and why' Daily Telegraph 'So good, so informative. There's so much incredible stuff in here' Cat Deeley and Ben Shepherd, This Morning ‘An easy to implement and practical guide to nutritional science!’ Dr Karan Rajan, author of This Book Will Save Your Life ‘Federica offers a novel framework for thinking about nutrition and points to the lifestyle factors that do make a difference in protecting and enhancing our long-term health. This is a book you shouldn’t miss’ Dr Sarah Berry
Acute Chronic Pathogen Infections Roles Of Resident Probiotic And Live Biotherapeutic Microbes In Limiting Or Preventing Disease
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Author : George Grant,
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2025-02-28
Acute Chronic Pathogen Infections Roles Of Resident Probiotic And Live Biotherapeutic Microbes In Limiting Or Preventing Disease written by George Grant, and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-28 with Science categories.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists are present on all epithelia of the human body, including oral, gut, skin, lung, and vaginal and urinary tracts. The most extensively studied bacteriome is that of the intestine, in which the adult form contains more than 4 × 1013 cells and up to 1000 different species. At birth, the gut bacteriome is simple and of low number but then expands rapidly in both number and diversity by around three days. At this point, when the lower bowel is anaerobic, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Bacteroides constitute most of the species. The switch to solid foods drives further expansion and complexity in the bacteriome until it generally stabilises into an adult-like form (a high proportion of Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), moderate levels of Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria), and low numbers of Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Synergistota, and Verrucomicrobiota) by about two years of age.
Human Microbiome
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Author : Sabu Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-02
Human Microbiome written by Sabu Thomas and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-02 with Medical categories.
The human microbiome refers to the complete microorganisms inhabiting the human body sites including skin, ear, nose, oral cavity, the genital, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and body fluids such as breast milk, saliva, and urine. It is a significant and essential organ recognized for the body and has an established involvement in the host wellbeing, in terms of nutritional requirements and immunomodulation. This book talks about how alteration and imbalance in the same can have clinical implications associated with a multitude of gastrointestinal, lifestyle-associated, and neurodegenerative disorders. How the proliferation of specific groups of bacteria and their metabolic activities, as a result of intestinal dysbiosis leads to the 'leaky gut' condition thereby influences brain activity via the bidirectional gut-brain axis. It also coves the importance of microbial seeding and how it can be influenced by the mode of delivery, nutrition, and medication. This book also provides various therapeutic interventions such as the establishment of stool banks and Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) that have recently proved promising in the treatment of ASD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis. This book provides a deeper understanding of the development of the human gut microbiome and the factors driving its dysbiosis. This book is a valuable read for health professionals, medical students, nutritionists, and scientific research communities who are eager to update themselves with recent trends in microbiome research. It will also aid gastroenterologists and nutritionists to make well-informed choices regarding therapeutic regimes.