Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding
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Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding Theory And Practice
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Author : Clive D Rodgers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2000-07-17
Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding Theory And Practice written by Clive D Rodgers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-17 with Science categories.
Remote sounding of the atmosphere has proved to be a fruitful method of obtaining global information about the atmospheres of the earth and other planets. This book treats comprehensively the inverse problem of remote sounding, and discusses a wide range of retrieval methods for extracting atmospheric parameters of interest from the quantities (thermal emission, for example) that can be measured remotely. Inverse theory is treated in depth from an estimation-theory point of view, but practical questions are also emphasized, such as designing observing systems to obtain the maximum quantity of information, efficient numerical implementation of algorithms for processing large quantities of data, error analysis and approaches to the validation of the resulting retrievals. The book is targeted at graduate students as well as scientists.
Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding
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Author : Clive D. Rodgers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2000
Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding written by Clive D. Rodgers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Science categories.
Annotation Rodgers (U. of Oxford) provides graduate students and other researchers a background to the inverse problem and its solution, with applications relating to atmospheric measurements. He introduces the stages in the reverse order than the usual approach in order to develop the learner's intuition about the nature of the inverse problem. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Occultations For Probing Atmosphere And Climate
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Author : Gottfried Kirchengast
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Occultations For Probing Atmosphere And Climate written by Gottfried Kirchengast and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
Use of occultation methodology for observing the Earth's atmosphere and climate has become so broad as to comprise solar, lunar, stellar, navigation and satellite crosslink occultation methods. The atmospheric parameters obtained extend from the fundamental variables temperature, density, pressure, water vapor, and ozone via a multitude of trace gas species to particulate species such as aerosols and cloud liquid water. Ionospheric electron density is sensed as well. The methods all share the key properties of self-calibration, high accuracy and vertical resolution, global coverage, and (if using radio signals) all-weather capability. Occultation data are thus of high value in a wide range of fields including climate monitoring and research, atmospheric physics and chemistry, operational meteorology, and other fields such as space weather and planetary science. This wide area of variants and uses of the occultation method has led to a diversi fication of the occultation-related scientific community into a range of different sub-communities, however. The 1st International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Cli mate-OPAC-1- held September 16-20, 2002, in Graz, Austria, has set in ex actly at this point. OPAC-1 aimed at providing a casual forum and stimulating at mosphere fertilizing scientific discourse, co-operation initiatives, and mutual learning and support amongst members of all the different sub-communities. The workshop was attended by about 80 participants from 17 different countries who actively contributed to a scientific programme of high quality and to an excellent workshop atmosphere, which was judged by the participants to have fully met the aims expressed.
Modeling Of Atmospheric Chemistry
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Author : Guy P. Brasseur
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-06-19
Modeling Of Atmospheric Chemistry written by Guy P. Brasseur and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Nature categories.
This book presents the fundamental principles, mathematical methods and applications of atmospheric chemistry models for graduate students and researchers.
Numerical Regularization For Atmospheric Inverse Problems
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Author : Adrian Doicu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-31
Numerical Regularization For Atmospheric Inverse Problems written by Adrian Doicu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-31 with Science categories.
The retrieval problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing belong to the class of the - called discrete ill-posed problems. These problems are unstable under data perturbations, and can be solved by numerical regularization methods, in which the solution is stabilized by taking additional information into account. The goal of this research monograph is to present and analyze numerical algorithms for atmospheric retrieval. The book is aimed at physicists and engineers with some ba- ground in numerical linear algebra and matrix computations. Although there are many practical details in this book, for a robust and ef?cient implementation of all numerical algorithms, the reader should consult the literature cited. The data model adopted in our analysis is semi-stochastic. From a practical point of view, there are no signi?cant differences between a semi-stochastic and a determin- tic framework; the differences are relevant from a theoretical point of view, e.g., in the convergence and convergence rates analysis. After an introductory chapter providing the state of the art in passive atmospheric remote sensing, Chapter 2 introduces the concept of ill-posedness for linear discrete eq- tions. To illustrate the dif?culties associated with the solution of discrete ill-posed pr- lems, we consider the temperature retrieval by nadir sounding and analyze the solvability of the discrete equation by using the singular value decomposition of the forward model matrix.
Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline
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Author : Christos Zerefos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-24
Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline written by Christos Zerefos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-24 with Science categories.
Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).
The Remote Sensing Of Tropospheric Composition From Space
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Author : John P. Burrows
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-15
The Remote Sensing Of Tropospheric Composition From Space written by John P. Burrows and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Parameter Estimation And Inverse Problems
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Author : Richard C. Aster
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013
Parameter Estimation And Inverse Problems written by Richard C. Aster and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Computers categories.
Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Regression -- 3. Discretizing Continuous Inverse Problems -- 4. Rank Deficiency and Ill-Conditioning -- 5. Tikhonov Regularization -- 6. Iterative Methods -- 7. Other Regularization Techniques -- 8. Fourier Techniques -- 9. Nonlinear Regression -- 10. Nonlinear Inverse Problems -- 11. Bayesian Methods -- Appendix A: Review of Linear Algebra -- Appendix B: Review of Probability and Statistics -- Appendix C: Glossary of Notation -- Bibliography -- IndexLinear Regression -- Discretizing Continuous Inverse Problems -- Rank Deficiency and Ill-Conditioning -- Tikhonov Regularization -- Iterative Methods -- Other Regularization Techniques -- Fourier Techniques -- Nonlinear Regression -- Nonlinear Inverse Problems -- Bayesian Methods.
The Sustainable City Ix
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Author : N. Marchettini
language : en
Publisher: WIT Press
Release Date : 2014-09-23
The Sustainable City Ix written by N. Marchettini and has been published by WIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-23 with Architecture categories.
Containing the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability this book addresses the multi-disciplinary aspects of urban planning; a result of the increasing size of cities; the amount of resources and services required and the complexity of modern society. Most of earth’s population now lives in cities and the process of urbanisation still continues generating many problems deriving from the drift of the population towards them. These problems can be resolved by cities becoming efficient habitats, saving resources in a way that improves the quality and standard of living. The process however, faces a number of major challenges, related to reducing pollution, improving main transportation and infrastructure systems. New urban solutions are required to optimise the use of space and energy resources leading to improvements in the environment, i.e. reduction in air, water and soil pollution as well as efficient ways to deal with waste generation. These challenges contribute to the development of social and economic imbalances and require the development of new solutions. Large cities are probably the most complex mechanisms to manage. However, despite such complexity they represent a fertile ground for architects, engineers, city planners, social and political scientists, and other professionals able to conceive new ideas and time them according to technological advances and human requirements. The challenge of planning sustainable cities lies in considering their dynamics, the exchange of energy and matter, and the function and maintenance of ordered structures directly or indirectly, supplied and maintained by natural systems. Topics covered include: Urban strategies; Planning, development and management; Urban conservation and regeneration; The community and the city; Eco-town planning; Landscape planning and design; Environmental management; Sustainable energy and the city; Transportation; Quality of life; Waterfront development; Case studies; Architectural issues; Cultural heritage issues; Intelligent environment and emerging technologies; Planning for risk; Disaster and emergency response; Safety and security; Waste management; Infrastructure and society; Urban metabolism.
Earth Observation With Champ
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Author : Christoph Reigber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005
Earth Observation With Champ written by Christoph Reigber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
In the summer of 2000 the German geo-research satellite CHAMP was launched into orbit. Its innovative payload arrangement and the low initial orbit allow CHAMP to simultaneously collect and almost continuously analyse precise data relating to gravity and magnetic fields at low altitude. In addition, CHAMP also measures the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere using GPS techniques. Three years after launch, more than 200 CHAMP investigators and co-investigators from all over the world met at the GeoForschungsZentrum in Potsdam to present and discuss the results derived from the extensive data sets of the mission. The main outcome of this expert meeting is summarized in this volume. The book offers a comprehensive insight into the present status of the exploitation of CHAMP data for Earth system research and practical applications in geodesy, geophysics and meteorology.