Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding Theory And Practice
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Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding Theory And Practice
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Author : Clive D Rodgers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2000-07-17
Inverse Methods For Atmospheric Sounding Theory And Practice written by Clive D Rodgers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-17 with Science categories.
Remote sounding of the atmosphere has proved to be a fruitful method of obtaining global information about the atmospheres of the earth and other planets. This book treats comprehensively the inverse problem of remote sounding, and discusses a wide range of retrieval methods for extracting atmospheric parameters of interest from the quantities (thermal emission, for example) that can be measured remotely. Inverse theory is treated in depth from an estimation-theory point of view, but practical questions are also emphasized, such as designing observing systems to obtain the maximum quantity of information, efficient numerical implementation of algorithms for processing large quantities of data, error analysis and approaches to the validation of the resulting retrievals. The book is targeted at graduate students as well as scientists.
Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline
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Author : Christos Zerefos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-24
Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline written by Christos Zerefos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-24 with Science categories.
Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).
The Remote Sensing Of Tropospheric Composition From Space
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Author : John P. Burrows
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-15
The Remote Sensing Of Tropospheric Composition From Space written by John P. Burrows and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Occultations For Probing Atmosphere And Climate
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Author : Gottfried Kirchengast
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Occultations For Probing Atmosphere And Climate written by Gottfried Kirchengast and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
Use of occultation methodology for observing the Earth's atmosphere and climate has become so broad as to comprise solar, lunar, stellar, navigation and satellite crosslink occultation methods. The atmospheric parameters obtained extend from the fundamental variables temperature, density, pressure, water vapor, and ozone via a multitude of trace gas species to particulate species such as aerosols and cloud liquid water. Ionospheric electron density is sensed as well. The methods all share the key properties of self-calibration, high accuracy and vertical resolution, global coverage, and (if using radio signals) all-weather capability. Occultation data are thus of high value in a wide range of fields including climate monitoring and research, atmospheric physics and chemistry, operational meteorology, and other fields such as space weather and planetary science. This wide area of variants and uses of the occultation method has led to a diversi fication of the occultation-related scientific community into a range of different sub-communities, however. The 1st International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Cli mate-OPAC-1- held September 16-20, 2002, in Graz, Austria, has set in ex actly at this point. OPAC-1 aimed at providing a casual forum and stimulating at mosphere fertilizing scientific discourse, co-operation initiatives, and mutual learning and support amongst members of all the different sub-communities. The workshop was attended by about 80 participants from 17 different countries who actively contributed to a scientific programme of high quality and to an excellent workshop atmosphere, which was judged by the participants to have fully met the aims expressed.
Parameter Estimation And Inverse Problems
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Author : Richard C. Aster
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013
Parameter Estimation And Inverse Problems written by Richard C. Aster and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Computers categories.
Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Regression -- 3. Discretizing Continuous Inverse Problems -- 4. Rank Deficiency and Ill-Conditioning -- 5. Tikhonov Regularization -- 6. Iterative Methods -- 7. Other Regularization Techniques -- 8. Fourier Techniques -- 9. Nonlinear Regression -- 10. Nonlinear Inverse Problems -- 11. Bayesian Methods -- Appendix A: Review of Linear Algebra -- Appendix B: Review of Probability and Statistics -- Appendix C: Glossary of Notation -- Bibliography -- IndexLinear Regression -- Discretizing Continuous Inverse Problems -- Rank Deficiency and Ill-Conditioning -- Tikhonov Regularization -- Iterative Methods -- Other Regularization Techniques -- Fourier Techniques -- Nonlinear Regression -- Nonlinear Inverse Problems -- Bayesian Methods.
Light Scattering Reviews 3
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Author : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-22
Light Scattering Reviews 3 written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-22 with Science categories.
This is the 3rd volume of a "Light Scattering Reviews" series devoted to current knowledge of light scattering problems and both experimental and theoretical research techniques related to their solution. This volume covers applications in remote sensing, inverse problems and geophysics, with a particular focus on terrestrial clouds. The influence of clouds on climate is poorly understood. The theoretical aspects of this problem constitute the main emphasis of this work.
Advanced Data Assimilation For Geosciences
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Author : Marc Bocquet
language : en
Publisher: Lecture Notes of the Les Houch
Release Date : 2014
Advanced Data Assimilation For Geosciences written by Marc Bocquet and has been published by Lecture Notes of the Les Houch this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
Data assimilation aims at determining as accurately as possible the state of a dynamical system by combining heterogeneous sources of information in an optimal way. Generally speaking, the mathematical methods of data assimilation describe algorithms for forming optimal combinations of observations of a system, a numerical model that describes its evolution, and appropriate prior information. Data assimilation has a long history of application to high-dimensional geophysical systems dating back to the 1960s, with application to the estimation of initial conditions for weather forecasts. It has become a major component of numerical forecasting systems in geophysics, and an intensive field of research, with numerous additional applications in oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, and extensions to other geophysical sciences. The physical complexity and the high dimensionality of geophysical systems have led the community of geophysics to make significant contributions to the fundamental theory of data assimilation. This book gathers notes from lectures and seminars given by internationally recognized scientists during a three-week school held in the Les Houches School of physics in 2012, on theoretical and applied data assimilation. It is composed of (i) a series of main lectures, presenting the fundamentals of the most commonly used methods, and the information theory background required to understand and evaluate the role of observations; (ii) a series of specialized lectures, addressing various aspects of data assimilation in detail, from the most recent developments of the theory to the specificities of various thematic applications.
Infrared Observation Of Earth S Atmosphere
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Author : Hervé Herbin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-11-04
Infrared Observation Of Earth S Atmosphere written by Hervé Herbin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is designed to provide the theoretical, but most of all, the practical bases needed for the achievement of atmospheric composition analyses from infrared remote sensing.
Data Assimilation For The Earth System
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Author : Richard Swinbank
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Data Assimilation For The Earth System written by Richard Swinbank and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Data assimilation is the combination of information from observations and models of a particular physical system in order to get the best possible estimate of the state of that system. The technique has wide applications across a range of earth sciences, a major application being the production of operational weather forecasts. Others include oceanography, atmospheric chemistry, climate studies, and hydrology. Data Assimilation for the Earth System is a comprehensive survey of both the theory of data assimilation and its application in a range of earth system sciences. Data assimilation is a key technique in the analysis of remote sensing observations and is thus particularly useful for those analysing the wealth of measurements from recent research satellites. This book is suitable for postgraduate students and those working on the application of data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and other earth sciences.
Non Lte Radiative Transfer In The Atmosphere
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Author : Manuel Lopez-puertas
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2001-12-13
Non Lte Radiative Transfer In The Atmosphere written by Manuel Lopez-puertas and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12-13 with Science categories.
During the last three decades, it has become increasingly clear that atmospheric modelling and remote sounding of the atmosphere from space, to name just two important application areas, are affected by non-equilibrium processes which have not been incorporated into traditional radiative transfer calculations. These processes, dubbed “non-LTE”, are therefore the subject of growing interest among scholars and researchers dealing with the upper atmosphere. This important book provides the first comprehensive and “global” description of non-LTE infrared emissions in the atmosphere of the Earth and other planets, starting with the theoretical foundations and progressing to the most important applications. Besides giving an introduction to this complex subject, it is a guide to the state-of-the-art in incorporating non-LTE processes into radiative transfer algorithms and computer models of the atmosphere. Numerous examples are presented of the application of these methods to (a) atmospheric remote sensing, (b) atmospheric energy budget (cooling and heating rate) calculations, and (c) atmospheres other than the Earth's.