Ionization And Plasma Dynamics Of Single Large Xenon Clusters In Superintense Xuv Pulses
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Ionization And Plasma Dynamics Of Single Large Xenon Clusters In Superintense Xuv Pulses
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Author : Daniela Rupp
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-14
Ionization And Plasma Dynamics Of Single Large Xenon Clusters In Superintense Xuv Pulses written by Daniela Rupp and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-14 with Science categories.
At the heart of this thesis is the young field of free electron laser science, whose experimental and theoretical basics are described here in a comprehensible manner. Extremely bright and ultra short pulses from short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) have recently opened the path to new fields of research. The x-ray flashes transform all matter into highly excited plasma states within femtoseconds, while their high spatial and temporal resolution allows the study of fast processes in very small structures. Even imaging of single molecules may be within reach if ultrafast radiation damage can be understood and brought under control. Atomic clusters have proven to be ideal model systems for light-matter interaction studies in all wavelength regimes, being size scalable, easy-to-produce gas phase targets with a simple structure. With FELs, "single cluster imaging and simultaneous ion spectroscopy" makes possible experiments under extremely well defined initial conditions, because the size of the cluster and the FEL intensity can be extracted from the scattering images. For the first time large xenon clusters up to micron radius were generated. Their single cluster scattering images were analyzed for cluster morphology and traces of the ultrafast plasma built-up during the femtosecond FEL pulse. The simultaneously measured single cluster ion spectra yield unprecedented insight into the ion dynamics following the interaction. The results will feed both future experimental effort and theoretical modeling.
Plasma At The Nanoscale
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Author : Huaihe Song
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-08-12
Plasma At The Nanoscale written by Huaihe Song and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Plasma technology can facilitate the fabrication of nanomaterials and nanoscale structures. On the other hand, nanotechnology could be possibly used in plasma science. Several advanced nanomaterials and nanodevices could be used to fabricate nanoplasma (nanoscale plasma), such as nanoelectrodes, nanoantennae, nanolasers, nanoreactors, nanomagnets, nanosensors, nanobatteries, nanogenerator and supercapacitors. This book provides information on fundamental design concepts and promising applications of nanoplasma. It explains how, for the next generation of electronic devices with high data rate communications, a high-speed operation of electronic switches could be attained using nanoplasma. Similarly, in the field of heath and aesthetics, nanoplasma can be used as a non-surgical localized treatments for the face and neck, such as eyelid correction. In addition, various kinds of advanced nanostructures can be fabricated using the plasma technology - Outlines the main properties of nanotechnology-enhanced plasma - Discusses major applications of plasma technology - Assesses the major challenges of manufacturing nanoplasma on an industrial scale
Introduction To Cluster Dynamics
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Author : Paul-Gerhard Reinhard
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-07-11
Introduction To Cluster Dynamics written by Paul-Gerhard Reinhard and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-11 with Science categories.
Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy. Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.
Strong Field Laser Physics
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Author : Thomas Brabec
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-08-17
Strong Field Laser Physics written by Thomas Brabec and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-17 with Science categories.
Due to the rapid progress in laser technology a wealth of novel fundamental and applied applications of lasers in atomic and plasma physics have become possible. This book focuses on the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter. It reviews the state of the art of high power laser sources, intensity laser-atom and laser-plasma interactions, laser matter interaction at relativistic intensities, and QED with intense lasers.
High Power Laser Matter Interaction
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Author : Peter Mulser
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-07-23
High Power Laser Matter Interaction written by Peter Mulser and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-23 with Science categories.
Introduction and handbook to high-power laser-matter interaction, laser generated plasma, nonlinear waves, particle acceleration, nonlinear optics, nonlinear dynamics, radiation transport, it provides a systematic review of the major results and developments of the past 25 years.
Extreme States Of Matter
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Author : Vladimir E. Fortov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-26
Extreme States Of Matter written by Vladimir E. Fortov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-26 with Science categories.
With its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.
X Ray Diffraction
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Author : Oliver H. Seeck
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-02-10
X Ray Diffraction written by Oliver H. Seeck and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-10 with Science categories.
High-resolution x-ray diffraction and scattering is a key tool for structure analysis not only in bulk materials but also at surfaces and buried interfaces from the sub-nanometer range to micrometers. This book offers an overview of diffraction and scattering methods currently available at modern synchrotron sources and illustrates bulk and interface investigations of solid and liquid matter with up-to-date research examples. It presents important characteristics of the sources, experimental set-up, and new detector developments. The book also considers future exploitation of x-ray free electron lasers for diffraction applications.
Rare Gas Clusters In Intense Vuv Laser Fields
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Rare Gas Clusters In Intense Vuv Laser Fields written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
A hybrid quantum-classical approach to the interaction of atomic clusters with intense laser fields in the vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) has been developed. Much emphasis is put on localized electrons, those quasi-free electrons which localize about the ions and screen them. These electrons set a time scale, which is used to interpolate between the quantum, rate based description of photon absorption by bound electrons and the classical, deterministic description of the cluster nano-plasma. Typical observables such as total energy absorption, electron and ion spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental findings. A scheme to probe the multi-electron motion in clusters with attosecond laser pulses is introduced. Conventional final state measurements in the energy domain cannot provide information about earlier states of the system due to the incoherent nature of the dynamics. Time-delayed attosecond pulses in the extreme ultra-violet (XUV) are used to probe the transient charging of the cluster ions during the interaction with the laser by measuring the kinetic energy of the electrons detached by the probe pulse. This information is otherwise lost at later times due to recombination. Knowledge about the transient charging would also shed more light on the still controversial subject of the energy absorption mechanisms in the VUV regime. Moving to shorter duration of the excitation, the characteristic time-scales for ionization and plasma equilibration are inversed. An attosecond laser pulse in the VUV regime creates a dense, warm nano-plasma far from equilibrium. Time-delayed attosecond pulses in the XUV probe then both the creation and the relaxation. The latter shows the breakup of the Bogoliubov hierarchy of characteristic times, indicating strongly-coupled plasma dynamics and drawing parallels to the relaxation of extended ultra-cold neutral plasmas with millions of particles.
Dynamics Of Noble Gas Cluster Expansion Driven By Intense Pulses Of Extreme Ultraviolet Light
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Author : Brendan Francis Murphy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Dynamics Of Noble Gas Cluster Expansion Driven By Intense Pulses Of Extreme Ultraviolet Light written by Brendan Francis Murphy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The interaction of intense laser pulses with nanometer scale atomic clusters has been an active area of study since the advent of amplified femtosecond lasers. In the case of infrared irradiation of noble gas clusters, direct field-driven ionization results in the ejection of energetic electrons, high ion charge states, and Coulomb explosion of the ion core of the clusters. These processes result from electron motion driven by the cluster potential and the large ponderomotive potential of the laser field. When extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses interact with clusters, the mechanisms responsible for the infrared response are 'turned off' because the ponderomotive potential is very small. We have conducted cluster experiments at 38nm using focused XUV pulses produced by high harmonic generation with a 15TW Ti:Sapphire laser. We measured the charge states and kinetic energy spectra of ions produced in the interaction, and observe substantial ion population up to Xe5, with a small number of Xe6-Xe8 ions produced by collisional ionization by hot plasma electrons. The ion kinetic energy spectrum indicates a hydrodynamic expansion at an ion temperature of 8eV. This is in stark contrast to intense infrared/cluster interactions, where clusters are stripped of electrons to a large degree and expand by Coulomb forces, resulting in far higher ion kinetic energy for similar degrees of ionization.
Explosion Dynamics Of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm Xuv Laser Pulses
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Author : Ahmed Mohammed Helal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Explosion Dynamics Of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm Xuv Laser Pulses written by Ahmed Mohammed Helal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The interaction of intense XUV laser pulses with matter and rare gas cluster has been the focus of the scientific community for decades. This focus has been sparked by the ongoing efforts to reach microscopy with atomic resolution, leading to a time resolved image on the scale of the atomic motion. The interest in van der Waals clusters appears due to it is similarity with the small bio-molecules, studying the behavior of these cluster will shed some light on how the biomolecules behavior under intense laser pulse. We have conducted a major upgrade to the UT THOR laser system, that enables us to achieve 17.7 nJ of XUV energy, produced by high harmonic generation, which is used to conduct multiple cluster experiments. We investigated the dynamics of rare-gas clusters produced by Ar and Xe gases, the ion time of flight, kinetic energy and electron energy have been measured, the generation of ion kinetic energy of two different temperatures (6 and 55 eV) due to hydrodynamic expansion was observed. For Xe clusters, we observed the generation of unexplained high charge states up to Xe9+, that could be due to the effect of continuum lowering and inner ionization of the giant resonance 4d-level. We also investigated the dynamics of small molecule clusters. Stating with nitrogen clusters, we noticed a dependence of the ionization ratio between N + 2 and N +on the cluster size has been noticed. In addition to that nitrogen clusters shows the highest ion kinetic energy generated between all the clusters investigated in this dissertation. The interaction of XUV laser pulses with Methane cluster is studied, we could not detect any high charges of methane fragments such as (CH2+ 4). However, we noticed that we generated multiple fragments by breaking C-H bonds (CH+ 3, CH+ 2, CH+) in addition to bare carbon with high cluster sizes. The generation of CH+ 5, H+ and H + 2 was also observed. Studying the partial yield of each of these reveals that the correlation between CH+ 5 and H+ is opposite to what is expected, which might be due to the change of the cluster properties or the expansion dynamic itself (towards more hydrodynamics).