Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt
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Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt
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Author : Alexander Jordan Austerman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt written by Alexander Jordan Austerman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Technology To Determine Its Applicability For Massachusetts
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Author : Walaa S. Mogawer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Technology To Determine Its Applicability For Massachusetts written by Walaa S. Mogawer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Pavements categories.
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Versus Conventional Hot Mix Asphalt For Field And Laboratory Compacted Specimens
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Author : Abdulaziz Alossta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Versus Conventional Hot Mix Asphalt For Field And Laboratory Compacted Specimens written by Abdulaziz Alossta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Asphalt concrete categories.
A recent joint study by Arizona State University and the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) was conducted to evaluate certain Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) properties in the laboratory. WMA material was taken from an actual ADOT project that involved two WMA sections. The first section used a foamed-based WMA admixture, and the second section used a chemical-based WMA admixture. The rest of the project included control hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. The evaluation included testing of field-core specimens and laboratory compacted specimens. The laboratory specimens were compacted at two different temperatures; 270 °F (132 °C) and 310 °F (154 °C). The experimental plan included four laboratory tests: the dynamic modulus (E*), indirect tensile strength (IDT), moisture damage evaluation using AASHTO T-283 test, and the Hamburg Wheel-track Test. The dynamic modulus E* results of the field cores at 70 °F showed similar E* values for control HMA and foaming-based WMA mixtures; the E* values of the chemical-based WMA mixture were relatively higher. IDT test results of the field cores had comparable finding as the E* results. For the laboratory compacted specimens, both E* and IDT results indicated that decreasing the compaction temperatures from 310 °F to 270 °F did not have any negative effect on the material strength for both WMA mixtures; while the control HMA strength was affected to some extent. It was noticed that E* and IDT results of the chemical-based WMA field cores were high; however, the laboratory compacted specimens results didn't show the same tendency. The moisture sensitivity findings from TSR test disagreed with those of Hamburg test; while TSR results indicated relatively low values of about 60% for all three mixtures, Hamburg test results were quite excellent. In general, the results of this study indicated that both WMA mixes can be best evaluated through field compacted mixes/cores; the results of the laboratory compacted specimens were helpful to a certain extent. The dynamic moduli for the field-core specimens were higher than for those compacted in the laboratory. The moisture damage findings indicated that more investigations are needed to evaluate moisture damage susceptibility in field.
Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Hot Mix Asphalt With High Contents Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
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Author : Clinton Isaac Van Winkle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of Hot Mix Asphalt With High Contents Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement written by Clinton Isaac Van Winkle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
Currently in Iowa, the amount of RAP materials allowed for the surface layer is limited to 15% by weight. The objective of this project was to develop quality standards for inclusion of RAP content higher than 15% in asphalt mixtures. To meet Superpave mix design requirements, it was necessary to fractionate the RAP materials. Based on the extensive sieve-by-sieve analysis of RAP materials, the optimum sieve size to fractionate RAP materials was identified. To determine if the higher percentage of RAP materials than 15% can be used in Iowa's state highway, three test sections with 30.0%, 35.5% and 39.2% of RAP materials were constructed on Highway 6 in Iowa City. The construction of the field test sections was monitored and the cores were obtained to measure field densities of test sections. Field mixtures collected from test sections were compacted in the laboratory in order to test the moisture sensitivity using a Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device. The binder was extracted from the field mixtures with varying amounts of RAP materials and tested to determine the effects of RAP materials on the PG grade of a virgin binder. Field cores were taken from the various mix designs to determine the percent density of each test section. A condition survey of the test sections was then performed to evaluate the short-term performance.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt
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Author : Zhanping Yuo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt written by Zhanping Yuo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Asphalt emulsion mixtures categories.
Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) has been traditionally produced at a discharge temperature of between 280° F (138° C) and 320° F (160° C), resulting in high energy (fuel) costs and generation of greenhouse gases. The goal for Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is to use existing HMA plants and specifications to produce quality dense graded mixtures at significantly lower temperatures. Europeans are using WMA technologies that allow the mixture to be placed at temperatures as low as 250° F (121° C). It is reported that energy savings on the order of 30%, with a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions of 30%, are realized when WMA is used compared to conventional HMA. Although numerous studies have been conducted on WMA, only limited laboratory experiments are available and most of the current WMA laboratory test results are inconsistent and not compatible with field performance The main objectives of this study are: The main objectives of this study are: 1) review and synthesize information on the available WMA technologies; 2) measure the complex/dynamic modulus of WMA and the control mixtures (HMA) for comparison purpose and for use in mechanistic-empirical (ME) design comparison; 3) assess the rutting and fatigue potential of WMA mixtures; and 4) provide recommendation for the proper WMA for use in Michigan considering the aggregate, binder, and climatic factors. The testing results indicated that most of the WMA has higher fatigue life and TSR which indicated WMA has better fatigue cracking and moisture damage resistant; however, the rutting potential of most of the WMA tested were higher than the control HMA. In addition, the WMA design framework was developed based on the testing results, and presented in this study to allow contractors and state agencies to successfully design WMA around the state of Michigan.
Evaluation Of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols For Warm Mix Asphalt
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Author : Fan Yin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Evaluation Of Laboratory Conditioning Protocols For Warm Mix Asphalt written by Fan Yin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) refers to the asphalt concrete paving material produced and placed at temperatures approximately 50°F lower than those used for Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). Economic, environmental and engineering benefits have boosted the use of WMA technology across the world during the past decade. While WMA technology has been successfully utilized as a paving material, several specifications and mix design protocols remain under development. For example, currently, there is no consistent laboratory conditioning procedure for preparing WMA specimens for performance tests, despite being essential for mix performance. Based on previous studies, several candidate conditioning protocols for WMA Laboratory Mixed Laboratory Compacted (LMLC) and off-site Plant Mixed Laboratory Compacted (PMLC) specimens were selected, and their effects on mixture properties were evaluated. Mixture stiffness evaluated in a dry condition using the Resilient Modulus (MR) test (ASTM D-7369) was the main parameter used to select a conditioning protocol to simulate pavement stiffness in its early life. The number of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) gyrations to get 7±0.5% air voids (AV) was the alternative parameter. Extracted binder stiffness and aggregate orientation of field cores and on-site PMLC specimens were evaluated using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) (AASHTO T315) and image analysis techniques, respectively. In addition, mixture stiffness in a wet condition was evaluated using the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test (HWTT) (AASHTO T324) stripping inflection point (SIP) and rutting depth at a certain number of passes. Several conclusions are made based on test results. LMLC specimens conditioned for 2 hours at 240°F (116°C) for WMA and 275°F (135°C) for HMA had similar stiffnesses as cores collected during the early life of field pavements. For off-site PMLC specimens, different conditioning protocols are recommended to simulate stiffnesses of on-site PMLC specimens: reheat to 240°F (116°C) for WMA with additives and reheat to 275°F (135°C) for HMA and foamed WMA. Additionally, binder stiffness, aggregate orientation, and overall AV had significant effects on mixture stiffness. Mixture stiffness results for PMFC cores and on-site PMLC specimens in a wet condition as indicated by HWTT agree with those in a dry condition in MR testing. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148143
Laboratory Evaluation Of Performance Of Warm Mix Asphalt In Washington State
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Author : Nathan Bower
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Laboratory Evaluation Of Performance Of Warm Mix Asphalt In Washington State written by Nathan Bower and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Asphalt concrete categories.
Technical Economic And Environmental Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt And Coloured Asphalt For Usage In Canada
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Author : Sina Varamini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Technical Economic And Environmental Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt And Coloured Asphalt For Usage In Canada written by Sina Varamini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Asphalt concrete categories.
Transportation services play an important role in the Canadian economy, and social activities as well as Canada's competitiveness in the global economy. As one of the most valuable systems of transportation in Canada, 90 percent of all goods and services are transported via trucks over an extensive land area characterized by diverse landscapes and harsh environments. These unique characteristics of Canada, coupled with other challenges including an aging road network and highway infrastructure, limited finances, and environmental considerations provide great incentive to decision makers at federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal government levels to consider new and innovative ways to fund road transportation infrastructure. In an effort to evaluate two innovative pavement technologies applicable in both urban and rural areas, this research project is focused on (1) Coloured Hot Mix Asphalt (CHMA) and (2) Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). The intent of the CHMA research study was to characterize the structural, functional, and environmental characteristics of the coloured asphalt design by analyzing laboratory and field performance. This research was focussed on providing innovative and sustainable solutions, which can be effectively used in Canada as means of ensuring durability and high performance throughout the material's life cycle. To achieve the research objectives, materials collected during paving operations and materials produced under controlled laboratory conditions were systematically evaluated at CPATT to capture the impact of colouring pigment on the mixture's strength. Results provided in this thesis suggest that pigmentation can adversely affect the performance and proper steps have to been taken to mitigate such effect: including using softer binder and lower Dust Proportion (DP) in the mixture. The state-of-the-art AASHTOWare Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) Software was employed to complete the most accurate level of analysis, referred to as “Level 1”. ME analysis outputs were then used to develop prediction models for a design life of 50 years that can be used to establish Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). Based on LCCA analysis Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lane structure surfaced with CHMA was found to be significantly more expensive to construct and maintain than a similar structure surfaced with HMA located in York Region. However, this cost difference is expected to decrease in near future as contractors are becoming more familiar with the mixture's design and production techniques. This research further evaluated the performance of WMA technology by using different Performance-Graded Asphalt Cement (PGAC) sources modified with three types of WMA additives (Evotherm 3G, Rediset LQ, and SonneWarmix) in combination with two types of aggregate of pink granite and trap rock diabase. Results obtained in this comprehensive research were statistically analyzed to verify the significance of the results. All information collected from a combination of qualitative and quantitative laboratory test methods and M-E long-term prediction were then ranked in ascending order for each combination of aggregate, additive and binder type. This ranking suggests that certain warm mix technologies such as Evotherm 3G and Rediset LQ can be effectively used to lower the asphalt mixture production and construction temperatures, as well as improving the performance (i.e. moisture susceptibility) in both laboratory and field.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Influence On Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity
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Author : Jianhua Yu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Influence On Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity written by Jianhua Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Asphalt concrete categories.
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology provides sufficient workability for asphalt mixtures at reduced mixing and compaction temperatures. Depending on the WMA technology, the typical temperature reduction range is 20 °C to 55 °C below hot mix asphalt (HMA) production temperatures. WMA involves chemical and wax additives that are added to an asphalt binder or incorporated through the use of foaming technology. The main advantages of WMA are reduced emissions and a reduction in combustible fuel consumption. Ongoing WMA research projects have documented some differences between HMA and WMA mixes, prompting numerous research projects that are investigating these concerns. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the volumetric properties by directly comparing laboratory produced WMA and HMA mixes. This study investigates the impact of WMA additives on the volumetric properties, specifically, the theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm). The Gmm testing followed the procedure of ASTM D2041. Two mix designs with HMA binder were produced, one without recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and the other with 30 % RAP. After the mix designs were completed, no additional changes were made to account for the addition of the WMA technology. The mixes included the WMA technologies Sasobit and Advera, as well as an HMA control, for a total of six different laboratory produced mixes. Each mix was produced at 120 °C, 135 °C, and 150 °C, and each mix was oven cured for 1, 2, and 4 h. The test results were analyzed using statistical principles to determine whether differences in the Gmm values were statistically significant. The results show that temperature has little impact on Gmm. Gmm was not affected by curing times of 1 and 2 h, but the longer curing time of 4 h resulted in a statistically significant increase in Gmm. Further analysis revealed that the mix sensitivity to curing time depends on the amount of RAP in the mix. For the mix designs studied, the Advera Gmm values were similar to the HMA values, but the Sasobit Gmm values were statistically lower than the Advera values.
Investigating The Rutting And Moisture Sensitivity Of Warm Mix Asphalt With Varying Contents Of Recycled Asphalt Pavement
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Author : Taha Ahmed Hussien Ahmed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Investigating The Rutting And Moisture Sensitivity Of Warm Mix Asphalt With Varying Contents Of Recycled Asphalt Pavement written by Taha Ahmed Hussien Ahmed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Asphalt concrete categories.
To evaluate the performance of Warm Mixture Asphalt (WMA) with varying amounts of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in comparison with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), comprehensive laboratory and field evaluations were conducted. Mix designs were performed for both WMA with a LEADCAP additive and HMA with large amounts of fractionated RAP materials. Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was performed to evaluate the rutting and moisture susceptibility of both HMA and WMA laboratory mixtures. HMA mixtures with up to 50% RAP materials by binder replacement exhibited a better performance than WMA mixtures. However, when RAP materials were increased to 75% both WMA and HMA mixtures showed a superior performance. When a specially designed LEADCAP additive for a mixture with a high RAP content called "RAPCAP" was used, the performance was significantly improved. The existing Asphalt Bond Strength (ABS) test (AASHTO TP91-11) was modified to better evaluate the adhesion bond between asphalt binder and aggregate surface. Based on the modified ABS test results, it was found that the asphalt binder type significantly influenced the adhesion bond. To evaluate the performance of WMA mixtures in the field, test sections were constructed in Iowa, Minnesota and Ohio. The test sections were successfully constructed with less compaction effort than HMA and met the required field densities per each DOT's specification. All HMA and WMA mixtures collected from the test sections passed the HWT and the modified Lottman tests, which indicates high resistance to rutting and moisture damage. The asphalt binders were then extracted and recovered from the field samples then re-graded following AASHTO M320 and AASHTO MP19-10. The recovered asphalt binder grades were found to be higher than the target grades due to the existence of RAP materials in the mixtures except for asphalt binders extracted from WMA mixtures produced using "RAPCAP" additive.