Low Level Measurements And Their Applications To Environmental Radioactivity
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Low Level Measurements And Their Applications To Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Low Level Measurements And Their Applications To Environmental Radioactivity written by Manuel García-León and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Atmospheric radioactivity categories.
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment Techniques And Applications Proceedings Of The Third International Summer School
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Author : M Garcia-leon
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1994-07-27
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment Techniques And Applications Proceedings Of The Third International Summer School written by M Garcia-leon and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-07-27 with categories.
This book contains the lectures, seminars and abstracts of short communications delivered at the above summer school. The talks are an updated account of the methods used in the detection of radioactivity in nature and in the study of its spread in the environment.
Low Level Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Richard Tykva
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1995-04-13
Low Level Environmental Radioactivity written by Richard Tykva and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-04-13 with Science categories.
From the Introduction Low-level radioactivity is related to those radioactive sources of ionizing radiation that are characterized by low activities. Sometimes activity here does not represent total amount of radionuclides but rather their concentration. In other cases, the total activity may be quite high, but we can measure only a relatively small portion of the material. "Low" may have, for different situations and circumstances, not only considerably different meanings but also different absolute values as far as the activity or activity concentration is concerned. For example, one can refer to low activity in the case of radiocarbon dating, where the concentration of 14C is actually lower than its natural concentration, and also in the case of radon monitoring where, especially in mines or in some enclosed spaces, its concentration may be several thousand times higher than the outdoor "atural" concentrations. Emphasis is now being placed on the analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment or on the release of radionuclides from their different man-made sources because liquid and aerial discharge level controls have become more rigorous. In addition, the applicability of low-level methodology increases the extent of different radionuclide applications considerably. Since individual radionuclides differ in their decay scheme and particles emitted as well in their energies, there is no universal method for the accurate measurement of all radioactive sources. Moreover, there is usually a mixture of radionuclides in a sample, causing some difficulties in a selective evaluation of a given radionuclide. Due to the random nature of radioactive disintegrations, the appropriate interpretation of the experimental results would be, in most cases, impossible without elaborate statistical treatment and evaluation of the data obtained. Thanks to the availability of computer-based instrumentation, the measuring data can be, in most cases, processed and evaluated on-line, which makes it possible to control and optimize the experiment in order to extract the maximum amount of information carried by the detector response. The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to low-level radioactivity assessment and to clarify the nature of its sources, as well as the principal methods used in its measurement. Our evaluation is concentrated on the present-day aspects of low-level methodology. The book may be useful for all who need highly sensitive analysis of natural or artificial radioactivity both within and outside the nuclear field. The attempt of this book is to summarize the sources of environmental radioactivity and their possible radiological impact in terms of resulting doses to the population, and to present a sound review of the measuring methods and techniques for the evaluation of low-level radioactivities encountered in both the environment and in a number of applications where radioactive sources are used as a means of obtaining important information.
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment written by Manuel García-León and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING categories.
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment written by Manuel García-León and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-30
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity written by Manuel García-León and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-30 with Science categories.
This textbook presents the principles and methods for the measurement of radioactivity in the environment. In this regard, specific low-level radiation counting and spectrometry or mass spectrometry techniques are discussed, including sources, distribution, levels and dynamics of radioactivity in nature. The author gives an accurate description of the fundamental concepts and laws of radioactivity as well as the different types of detectors and mass spectrometers needed for detection. Special attention is paid to scintillators, semiconductor detectors, and gas ionization detectors. In order to explain radiochemistry, some concepts about chemical separations are introduced as well. The book is meant for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry or engineering oriented to environmental sciences, and to other disciplines where monitoring of the environment and its management is of great interest.
Measurement Of Weak Radioactivity
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Author : P Theodórsson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1996-12-11
Measurement Of Weak Radioactivity written by P Theodórsson and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12-11 with categories.
This book is intended for scientists engaged in the measurement of weak alpha, beta, and gamma active samples; in health physics, environmental control, nuclear geophysics, tracer work, radiocarbon dating etc. It describes the underlying principles of radiation measurement and the detectors used. It also covers the sources of background, analyzes their effect on the detector and discusses economic ways to reduce the background. The most important types of low-level counting systems and the measurement of some of the more important radioisotopes are described here. In cases where more than one type can be used, the selection of the most suitable system is shown. Contents:Low-Level CountingHistoryAtomic Nuclei and Binding EnergyRadioactivityInteraction of Radiation with MatterOur Natural Radioactive EnvironmentCosmic RaysRadiation DetectorsBackground: Sources and ComponentsMeasurement of Contamination Background ReductionGermanium SpectrometersGas Proportional Counter SystemsLiquid Scintillation Counting SystemsOther Low-Level Counting SystemsNon-Radiometric Methods and Neutron Activation AnalysisImportant Applications of Low-Level CountingStatisticsReferences: Physical Constants and Conversion FactorsPeriodic Table of Elements Readership: Environmental scientists, nuclear physicists and geophysicists. keywords:Weak;Low-Level;Radioactivity;Environment;Natural;Tritium;Radon;Radiocarbon;Background;Contamination
Low Level Measurement Of Radionuclides And Its Application To Earth And Environmental Sciences
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Author : 政儀·山本
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Low Level Measurement Of Radionuclides And Its Application To Earth And Environmental Sciences written by 政儀·山本 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Radioactivity Measurements
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Author : W. B. Mann
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Radioactivity Measurements written by W. B. Mann and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
The authors have addressed the basic need for internationally consistent standards and methods demanded by the new and increasing use of radioactive materials, radiopharmaceuticals and labelled compounds. Particular emphasis is given to the basic and practical problems that may be encountered in measuring radioactivity. The text provides information and recommendations in the areas of radiation protection, focusing on quality control and the precautions necessary for the preparation and handling of radioactive substances. New information is also presented on the applications of both traditional and innovative instruments in the fields of diagnostic and clinical radiology, radiation protection, biomedical research, industrial and agricultural applications, power production and waste control.
Low Level Measurements Of Man Made Radionuclides In The Environment
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Author : G. Madurga
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Release Date : 1991
Low Level Measurements Of Man Made Radionuclides In The Environment written by G. Madurga and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
This volume gives an up-to-date account of the methods used in the detection of artificial radionuclides and their spread in the environment