Mechanical Loading Induced Adaptation Of The Mouse Tibia

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Mechanical Loading Induced Adaptation Of The Mouse Tibia

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Author : James Christopher Fritton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Mechanical Loading Induced Adaptation Of The Mouse Tibia written by James Christopher Fritton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

Cancellous Bone Adaptation To Non Invasive Mechanical Loading In The Murine Tibia

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Author : Maureen Ellen Lynch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Cancellous Bone Adaptation To Non Invasive Mechanical Loading In The Murine Tibia written by Maureen Ellen Lynch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Osteoporosis causes over 2 million skeletal fractures every year in people 50 years of age or older. Fractures predominantly happen at corticocancellous sites, such as the hip and spine. Due to lower accrual of bone mass during growth and rapid bone loss following menopause, 71% of these fractures occur in women. Mechanical loading, which stimulates bone formation, is a potential anabolic therapy for pathological bone loss. Determining the parameters of mechanical loading that stimulate osteogenesis in cancellous bone is critical for harnessing the therapeutic potential of mechanical stimuli. In this thesis, the effects of sex, aging, and estrogen deficiency on the adaptive response of cancellous bone were examined using in vivo tibial compression applied to mice. The effect of sex on the cancellous adaptive response to tibial loading was investigated in growing mice. The magnitude of peak applied loads that corresponded to +1200 [mu][epsilon]at the tibial mid-shaft was determined to be -11.5 N in both males and females from in vivo strain gauging. This peak load resulted in similar peak cancellous tissue strains of ~-2400 [mu][epsilon]in females and ~-2100 [mu][epsilon]. Following 2 weeks of tibial compression, male and female mice increased cancellous bone mass 73% in the proximal tibia, primarily through increased trabecular thickening (+75%). Tissue mineral density increased 18% and trabecular separation decreased 19% as well. As a result of adaptation, the proportion of the applied load carried by the cancellous compartment, rather than by the cortical shell, increased. In addition, the metaphyseal stiffness of the loaded limbs was greater than in control limbs. None of these loadinginduced changes differed by sex. Next, the effect of aging on the cancellous adaptive response was investigated in adult, osteopenic female mice, and this response was compared to that observed previously in growing mice. We applied the same peak compressive loads (-11.3 N) to one group of adult female mice (Load-Matched), which corresponded to +2200 [mu][epsilon]mid-diaphyseal strains and peak cancellous tissue strains of -2257 [mu][epsilon]. We applied the same peak mid-diaphyseal strains (+1200 [mu][epsilon]) to a second group of adult female mice (Strain-Matched), engendered by -5.9 N peak applied load, which corresponded to peak cancellous tissue strains of -1112 [mu][epsilon]. In the LM group, cancellous bone mass increased 49% through increased trabecular thickening (+64%), and cortical mass increased 41% through medullary contraction (-19%). These adaptive changes increased the metaphyseal stiffness of loaded limbs relative to control limbs (IMAX +88%, IMIN +54%). No adaptive response was observed in the SM group. The response in the cancellous compartment was reduced relative to that observed in growing mice. However, tibial loading recovered age-related loss to levels equivalent to control limbs of young animals, supporting the use of mechanical loading as a therapeutic intervention against osteoporotic fractures. In contrast, the response in the cortical compartment was enhanced relative to that in young mice. While both young and adult mice similarly increased IMAX and cortical area, adult mice underwent enhanced medullary contraction. Finally, tibial compression was applied to osteopenic, estrogen-deficient adult female mice to demonstrate that mechanical loading can stimulate cancellous bone formation following estrogen withdrawal. Loading was applied immediately following ovariectomy (OVX) or sham (Sham) surgery and lasted 1, 2, and 6 weeks to characterize the adaptive response over time. Estrogen deficiency did not inhibit the adaptive response of cancellous bone in adult females. After 6 weeks of loading, cancellous bone mass increased similarly in Sham and OVX groups. Cancellous bone mass exhibited a bimodal change with loading due to the different effects of loading and estrogen deficiency, acting at different rates, on cancellous architecture. Loading primarily increased trabecular thickness while estrogen deficiency primarily increased separation. No differences in the control limbs between Sham and OVX groups were observed within the 6 week time period. In summary, tibial compression elicited a robust anabolic response in cancellous bone, which increased mass in growing young male and female mice, and in osteopenic and estrogen deficient adult female mice. Cancellous mass occurred primarily through trabecular thickening and resulted in an overall stiffer tibia metaphysis. Tibial compression recovered age-related bone loss in osteopenic adult female mice to levels equivalent to the control limbs of young mice, even following estrogen withdrawal. These results demonstrate that mechanical loading can be targeted to corticocancellous sites to increase bone mass, improve structural integrity, and reduce risk for fracture. Additionally, these results demonstrate that mechanical loading can be implemented as a preventative measure, either in growing children, or pre- and peri-menopausal women, to increase peak bone mass and reduce risk of fracture.

Mechanical Loading And Bone

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Author : Jonathan H. Tobias
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-20

Mechanical Loading And Bone written by Jonathan H. Tobias and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-20 with Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology categories.

This research topic is focused on recent advances in our understanding of effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton, and research methods used in addressing these. Though it is well established that mechanical loading provides an essential stimulus for skeletal growth and maintenance, there have been major advances recently in terms of our understanding of the molecular pathways involved, which are thought to provide novel drug targets for treating osteoporosis. The articles included in this topic encompass the full spectrum of laboratory and clinical research, and range from review articles, editorials, hypothesis papers and original research articles. Together, they demonstrate how mechanical loading underpins many aspects of bone biology, including the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis and other clinical disorders associated with skeletal fragility.

Biomanufacturing

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Author : Chander Prakash
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-20

Biomanufacturing written by Chander Prakash and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-20 with Science categories.

​Current Trends in Biomanufacturing focuses on cutting-edge research regarding the design, fabrication, assembly, and measurement of bio-elements into structures, devices, and systems. The field of biomaterial and biomanufacturing is growing exponentially in order to meet the increasing demands of for artificial joints, organs and bone-fixation devices. Rapid advances in the biological sciences and engineering are leading to newer and viable resources, methods and techniques that may providing better quality of life and more affordable health care services. The book covers the broad aspects of biomanufacturing, including: synthesis of biomaterials; implant coating techniques; spark plasma sintering; microwave processing; and cladding, powder metallurgy and electrospinning. The contributors illustrate the recent trends of biomanufacturing, highlighting the important aspects of biomaterial synthesis, and their use as feedstock of fabrication technologies and their characterization, along with their clinical practices. Current Trends in Biomanufacturing updates researchers and scientists the novelties and techniques of the field, as it summarises numerous aspects of biomanufacturing, including synthesis of biomaterials, fabrication of biomedical structures, their in-vivo/ in-vitro, mechanical analysis and associated ISO standards.

Bone Inside Out And Outside In Signals Control Of Body Homeostasis

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Author : Lilian Irene Plotkin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-02-06

Bone Inside Out And Outside In Signals Control Of Body Homeostasis written by Lilian Irene Plotkin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-06 with Medical categories.

Multiscale Modeling To Tackle The Complexity Of Load Bearing Organ And Tissue Regulation

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Author : Jerome Noailly
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-03-11

Multiscale Modeling To Tackle The Complexity Of Load Bearing Organ And Tissue Regulation written by Jerome Noailly and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-11 with Science categories.

Osteoporosis

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Author : Robert Marcus
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-06-13

Osteoporosis written by Robert Marcus and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-13 with Medical categories.

Now in its fourth edition, Osteoporosis is a classic reference on this disease, comprising a tremendous wealth of knowledge in a single source not found elsewhere. Written by renowned experts in the field, this two-volume work is a must-have for academic and medical libraries, physicians, researchers, and any company involved in osteoporosis research and development. This newest edition covers everything from basic anatomy and physiology to diagnosis, management and treatment in which direct care costs for osteoporotic fractures in the United States reach up to $18 billion each year. Worldwide, 200 million women ages 60 to 80 suffer from osteoporosis and have a lifetime risk of fracture between 30% and 40%, continuing to make osteoporosis a critical challenge in medicine. Recognizes the critical importance of the Wnt signaling pathway for bone health Incorporates new chapters on osteocytes, phosphatonins, mouse genetics, and CNS and bone Examines essential updates on estrogen prevention and treatment and the recent results from the WHO Discusses the controversial topics of screening and clinical trial design for drug registration Includes essential updates on therapeutic uses of calcium, vitamin D, SERMS, bisphosphonates, and parathyroid hormone Offers critical reviews of reproductive and hormonal risk factors, ethnicity, nutrition, therapeutics, management, and economics

Putting The Why Back Into Bone Archytecture

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Author : Phil Salmon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-07-27

Putting The Why Back Into Bone Archytecture written by Phil Salmon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-27 with Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology categories.

A large literature exists on trabecular and cortical bone morphology. The engineering performance of bone, implied from its 3d architecture, is often the endpoint of bone biology experiments, being clinically relevant to bone fracture. How and why does bone travel along its complex spatio-temporal trajectory to acquire its architecture? The question "why" can have two meanings. The first, "teleological - why is an architecture advantageous?" – is the domain of substantial biomechanical research to date. The second, "etiological – how did an architecture come about?" – has received far less attention. This Frontiers Bone Research Topic invited contributions addressing this "etiological why" – what mechanisms can coordinate the activity of bone forming and resorbing cells to produce the observed complex and efficient bone architectures? One mechanism is proposed – chaotic nonlinear pattern formation (NPF) which underlies – in a unifying way – natural structures as disparate as trabecular bone, swarms of birds flying or shoaling fish, island formation, fluid turbulence and others. At the heart of NPF is the fact that simple rules operating between interacting elements multiplied and repeated many times, lead to complex and structured patterns. This paradigm of growth and form leads to a profound link between bone regulation and its architecture: in bone "the architecture is the regulation". The former is the emergent consequence of the latter. Whatever mechanism does determine bone's developing architecture has to operate at the level of individual sites of formation and resorption and coupling between the two. This has implications as to how we understand the effect on bone of agents such as gene products or drugs. It may be for instance that the "tuning" of coupling between formation and resorption might be as important as the achievement of enhanced bone volume. The ten articles that were contributed to this Topic were just what we hoped for – a snapshot of leading edge bone biology research which addresses the question of how bone gets its shape. We hope that you find these papers thought-provoking, and that they might stimulate new ideas in the research into bone architecture, growth and adaptation, and how to preserve healthy bone from gestation and childhood until old age.

Multiscale Mechanobiology Of Bone Remodeling And Adaptation

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Author : Peter Pivonka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-20

Multiscale Mechanobiology Of Bone Remodeling And Adaptation written by Peter Pivonka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-20 with Science categories.

The book presents state-of-the-art developments in multiscale modeling and latest experimental data on multiscale mechanobiology of bone remodeling and adaptation including fracture healing applications. The multiscale models include musculoskeletal models describing bone-muscle interactions during daily activities such as walking or running, micromechanical models for estimation of bone mechanical properties, bone remodeling and adaptation models, cellular models describing the complex bone-cell interactions taking into account biochemical and biomechanical regulatory factors. Also subcellular processes are covered including arrangement of actin filaments due to mechanical loading and change of receptor configurations.

Issues In Bioengineering And Bioinformatics 2011 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09

Issues In Bioengineering And Bioinformatics 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Science categories.

Issues in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Bioengineering and Bioinformatics. The editors have built Issues in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Bioengineering and Bioinformatics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.