Metastable Liquids

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Metastable Liquids

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Author : Pablo G. Debenedetti
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1996

Metastable Liquids written by Pablo G. Debenedetti and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.

Building on the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics that determines the thermophysical properties and structural relaxation of metastable liquids, it offers an in-depth treatment of thermodynamic stability theory, the statistical mechanics of metastability, nucleation, spinodal decomposition, supercooled liquids, and the glass transition.

Metastable Liquids

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Author : Pablo G. Debenedetti
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-06-16

Metastable Liquids written by Pablo G. Debenedetti and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-16 with Science categories.

Metastable Liquids provides a comprehensive treatment of the properties of liquids under conditions where the stable state is a vapor, a solid, or a liquid mixture of different composition. It examines the fundamental principles that govern the equilibrium properties, stability, relaxation mechanisms, and relaxation rates of metastable liquids. Building on the interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics that determines the thermophysical properties and structural relaxation of metastable liquids, it offers an in-depth treatment of thermodynamic stability theory, the statistical mechanics of metastability, nucleation, spinodal decomposition, supercooled liquids, and the glass transition. Both traditional topics--such as stability theory--and modern developments--including modern theories of nucleation and the properties of supercooled and glassy water--are treated in detail. An introductory chapter illustrates, with numerous examples, the importance and ubiquity of metastable liquids. Examples include the ascent of sap in plants, the strategies adopted by many living organisms to survive prolonged exposure to sub-freezing conditions, the behavior of proteins at low temperatures, metastability in mineral inclusions, ozone depletion, the preservation and storage of labile biochemicals, and the prevention of natural gas clathrate hydrate formation. All mathematical symbols are defined in the text and key equations are clearly explained. More complex mathematical explanations are available in the appendixes.

Green Industrial Applications Of Ionic Liquids

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Author : Robin D. Rogers
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Green Industrial Applications Of Ionic Liquids written by Robin D. Rogers and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

This book contains the lecture notes for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on th Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids held April 12th_16 , 2000 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. This was the fIrst international meeting devoted to research in the area of ionic liquids (salts with melting points below 100 0c), and was intended to explore the promise of ionic liquids as well as to set a research agenda for the fIeld. It was the fIrst international meeting dedicated to the study and application of ionic liquids as solvents, and forty-one scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories (as well as six industry observers and four student assistants) met to discuss the current and future status of the application of ionic liquids to new green industrial technologies. It was immediately clear that the number of organic chemists and engineers working in the fIeld needed to be increased. It was also clear that the declining interest in high temperature molten salts and subsequent increase in low melting ionic liquid solvents had not yet taken hold in Eastern Europe. Participants from NATO Partner Countries contributed signifIcant expertise in high temperature molten salts and were able to take back a new awareness and interest in ionic liquid solvents.

Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena In Complex Liquids

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Author : Sylwester J. Rzoska
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-28

Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena In Complex Liquids written by Sylwester J. Rzoska and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-28 with Science categories.

Complex liquids constitute a basic element in modern materials science; their significant features include self-assembly, mesoscale structures, complex dynamics, unusual phases and enormous sensitivity to perturbations. Understanding their nature and properties are a great challenge to modern materials science that demands novel approaches. This book focuses on nonlinear dielectric phenomena, particularly on nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS), which may be considered a possible successor to broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). NDS phenomena directly coupled to mesoscale heterogeneity fluctuations, so information obtained in this way is basically complementary to BDS tests. The book also discusses the application of NDS in a set of complex liquid systems: glassy liquids, liquid crystals, liquids with critical point phenomena, and bio-relevant liquids. The complementary application of NDS and BDS may allow the discovery of universal patterns for the whole category of complex liquids. Written by specialists in the field of nonlinear dielectric studies, theoreticians and experimentalists, ranging from solid state physics to biophysics, the book is organized so that it can serve as a basic textbook for a non-experienced reader.

Impulse Breakdown Of Liquids

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Author : Vasily Y. Ushakov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-21

Impulse Breakdown Of Liquids written by Vasily Y. Ushakov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The book describes the main physical processes and phenomena in pulsed electric breakdown. The knowledge and the control of the electric breakdown of liquids is important not only for the insulation inside power systems but it is also used for the creation and information of high voltage and high current pulses. Such high-voltage micro- and nanosecond pulses find wide application in experimental physics, electro discharge technology, physics of dielectrics, radar detection and ranging, high-speed photography.

Adiabatic Waves In Liquid Vapor Systems

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Author : Gerd E.A. Meier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Adiabatic Waves In Liquid Vapor Systems written by Gerd E.A. Meier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The planning for the IUTAM Symposium on Adiabatic Waves in Liquid-Vapor Systems began in May of 1986 in G5ttingen. The Symposium was held in August of 1989 in the Max-Planck-Institut fUr Str5mungsforschung. The invitations to participants suggested that the written papers concern Fast Adiabatic Phase Changes in Fluids and Related Phenomena. Particular topics suggested were: Liquefaction shockwaves and Shock splitting; Evaporation waves; Condensation in Laval nozzles and turbines; Stability in multiphase shocks; Non-equilibrium and near-critical phenomena; Nucleation in dynamic systems; Structure of transition layers; Acoustic phenomena in two phase systems and Cavitation waves. All of these topics should have been treated with emphasis on physical results, new phenomena and theoretical models. Participants from fourteen nations took part in the Symposium and presented papers which were within the range of suggested topics. The organization and execution of the Symposium was performed by the Max-Planck-Institut fUr Str5mungsforschung in G5ttingen. In particular, the meeting has been promoted under the leadership of Professor Dr. E.-A. MUller, who has for many years given his support for international exchanges in science. The detailed work of organization up to and during the Symposium was in large part due to Dr. T. Kowalewski, who served as Symposium Secretary.

Metastable Systems Under Pressure

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Author : Sylwester Rzoska
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-11-19

Metastable Systems Under Pressure written by Sylwester Rzoska and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-19 with Science categories.

recently discovered advantages of amorphous forms of medicines/pharmaceutical products which focused a significant part of industry-related efforts on the GFA (Glass Forming Ability) and the glass temperature (T) versus pressure g dependences. 1 b ? 0 ? ? o ? P ? Pg P ? Pg 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g ? 0 ? ? ? ? c + Pg ? ? ? ? 400 1 b 0 o ? ? ? ? P ? P P ? P g g 0 ? ? ? ? T (P ) = F (P )D (P ) =T 1 + exp ? g g 0 ? ? ? ? c ? + P max g ? ? ? ? T ~7 GPa g max P ~ 304 K Liquid g 300 1 HS glass 0 200 -1 mSG ?=0. 044 Liquid -2 100 -3 glass ?=0. 12 -1. 2 -0. 9 -0. 6 -0. 3 0. 0 log T 10 scaled -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 P (GPa) g 19 Figure 1. T he pressure evolution of the glass temperature in gl Th ye s cerol ol . id curve shows the parameterization of experimental data via the novel, modifie d Glat Sizm elon type equation, given in the Figure.

High Temperature Chemistry Of Silicates And Other Oxide Systems Vysokotemperaturnaya Khimiya Silikatnykh I Drugikh Okisnykh Sistem B Ico Otem Epat Pha X M C Ath Ix P X O Ch Ix C Ctem

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Author : N. A. Toropov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

High Temperature Chemistry Of Silicates And Other Oxide Systems Vysokotemperaturnaya Khimiya Silikatnykh I Drugikh Okisnykh Sistem B Ico Otem Epat Pha X M C Ath Ix P X O Ch Ix C Ctem written by N. A. Toropov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The ever-increasing importance of chemical reactions at high and superhigh temperatures in crystalline, amorphous, and semicrystalline SOlids, as well as the reactions of these solids with gases, prompted the authors of this book to examine critically the literature available in this field and to present a general review of the subject. In this monograph we discuss those chemical and physicochemical points which we consider to be most important for solving a series of problems in the preparation and use of new inorganic materials. We hope that this book will be of interest to the many specialists working on inorganic materials. N. A. Toropov PREFACE Modem technology demands ever more materials with high mechanical strength, heat and chemical re sistance, fire resistance, special electrical properties, particular behavior toward active radiations, etc. The search for such materials requires the study of various chemical compounds, metallic alloys, and other fused in organic systems, especially oxide systems. Materials based on oxides begin to assume increasing importance in many fields of the new technology. In this connection the investigation of oxides and systems consisting of two and more oxides is expanding greatly.

Physics Of Liquid Matter

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Author : Paola Gallo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-06

Physics Of Liquid Matter written by Paola Gallo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-06 with Science categories.

This book offers a didactic and a self-contained treatment of the physics of liquid and flowing matter with a statistical mechanics approach. Experimental and theoretical methods that were developed to study fluids are now frequently applied to a number of more complex systems generically referred to as soft matter. As for simple liquids, also for complex fluids it is important to understand how their macroscopic behavior is determined by the interactions between the component units. Moreover, in recent years new and relevant insights have emerged from the study of anomalous phases and metastable states of matter. In addition to the traditional topics concerning fluids in normal conditions, the authors of this book discuss recent developments in the field of disordered systems in condensed and soft matter. In particular they emphasize computer simulation techniques that are used in the study of soft matter and the theories and study of slow glassy dynamics. For these reasons the book includes a specific chapter about metastability, supercooled liquids and glass transition. The book is written for graduate students and active researchers in the field.

Liquids Under Negative Pressure

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Author : A.R. Imre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Liquids Under Negative Pressure written by A.R. Imre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

It is possible to "stretch" a liquid and, when suitably prepared, liquids are capable of sustaining substantial levels of tension, often for significant periods of time. These negative pressure states are metastable but can last for days - long enough for substantial experimental investigation. This volume is a review of recent and current research into the behaviour of liquids under negative pressure. Part I deals with the thermodynamics of stretched liquids. Part II discusses the physical and chemical behaviour of liquids under negative pressure. Part III contains papers on the effect of negative pressure on the solidification of a liquid. Part IV is devoted to stretched helium and Part V discusses cavitation in various stretched liquids. Part VI deals with the effect of foreign substances on cavitation.