Microbial Megaplasmids
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Microbial Megaplasmids
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Author : Edward Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-01-29
Microbial Megaplasmids written by Edward Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-29 with Science categories.
Megaplasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements in the size range of 100 kb and larger. They are found in physiologically and phylogenetically diverse groups of bacteria and archaea. By definition, megaplasmids are not essential for the viability of their hosts under all growth conditions, but paradoxically many megaplasmids carry the genetic information for the defining and characteristic traits of the organism in which they reside. Microbial Megaplasmids reviews our knowledge of the extensively studied representatives, such as the catabolic plasmids of the pseudomonads, the rhizobial Sym plasmids, the Ti plasmids of the genus Agrobacterium and the giant enterobacterial virulence plasmids. It also presents snapshots of more recently discovered megaplasmids. The contribution of megaplasmids to the biology of their hosts is described, highlighting the interactions between megaplasmid and chromosomal genes.
Actinobacteria A Source Of Biocatalytic Tools
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Author : Dirk Tischler
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-08-12
Actinobacteria A Source Of Biocatalytic Tools written by Dirk Tischler and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-12 with categories.
Actinobacteria (Actinomycetes) represent one of the largest and most diverse phyla among Bacteria. The remarkable diversity is displayed by various lifestyles, distinct morphologies, a wide spectrum of physiological and metabolic activities, as well as genetics. Interestingly, most Actinobacteria have a high GC-content (ranging from 51% to >70%) and belong to Gram-positive or Gram-variable type microbes. Many species are well known for large genomes which may be of linear style as in case of rhodococci or circular. Many of those harbor linear megaplasmids as a kind of genetic storage device. Frequently gene redundancy is reported and in most cases the evolutionary history or a functional role remains enigmatic. Nevertheless these large genomes and megaplasmids provide access to a number of potential (homologous) biocatalysts which await elucidation. Actinobacteria are well known for their biotechnological potential which is exemplarily described for amino acid producing Corynebacteria, secondary metabolite producing Streptomyces, pathogenic targets as Nocardia and Mycobacteria, carotenoid building Micrococcus strains, acid fermenting Propionibacteria, health and food related Bifidobacterium strains, rubber degrading Gordonia species, and organic pollutant degrading rhodococci among others. In many cases individual pathways or enzymes can be modified or recombinantly employed for biocatalysis. Even some genetic tools to work directly in those microbes have been successfully used as for example in Corynebacterium or in Rhodococcus species. During the last decade more and more genomes have been sequenced and made available for data mining and become accessible by state of the art genomic manipulation methods as minimal genomes, knock-out or artificial evolution. With respect to this large and ancient phylum many questions can be asked either from a scientific or industrial point of view. In order to provide some crystallization points we like to raise some examples as follows. How small can be an actinobacterial genome? What is the driving force to comprise large and repetitive genomes/megaplasmids? What is needed to generate an actinobacterial power house for industry? Can we annotate novel biocatalysts from scratch and improve functional annotation? What are common and different features with respect to other bacteria and/or fungi? How many novel antibiotics are hidden among Actinobacteria? Is there more potential among extremophile members or are they only specialized? Here especially the production of natural compounds is of high interest.
Microbe Mediated Remediation Of Environmental Contaminants
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Author : Ajay Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2020-10-14
Microbe Mediated Remediation Of Environmental Contaminants written by Ajay Kumar and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Microbe Mediated Remediation of Environmental Contaminants presents recent scientific progress in applying microbes for environmental management. The book explores the current existing practical applications and provides information to help readers develop new practices and applications. Edited by recognized leaders in the field, this penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology will be widely welcomed by those working in soil contamination management, agriculture, environment management, soil microbiology, and waste management. The polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes have resulted in serious environmental and social problems around the world, problems which require us to look for solutions elsewhere than established physical and chemical technologies. Often the answer lies in hybrid applications in which microbial methods are combined with physical and chemical ones. When we remember that these highly effective microorganisms, cultured for a variety of applications, are but a tiny fraction of those to be found in the world around us, we realize the vastness of the untapped and beneficial potential of microorganisms. Explores microbial application redressing for soil and water contamination challenges Includes information on microbial synthesized nanomaterials for remediation of contaminated soils Presents a uniquely hybrid approach, combining microbial interactions with other chemical and physical methods
Biodegradative Bacteria
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Author : Hideaki Nojiri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-01
Biodegradative Bacteria written by Hideaki Nojiri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-01 with Science categories.
Biodegradative Bacteria highlights the novel nature of bacterial cell functions in the field of biodegradation by putting them into three parts: (1) Genetic and genomic systems, (2) Degradative enzyme systems, and (3) Bacterial behavior in natural environmental systems. The first part of the book includes cell functions as degradative machinery, genome systems for effective degradation, and the evolution of degradative systems by mobile genetic elements. The second part deals with the structure, function, evolution, diversity, and application of degradative and related enzymes. The third part presents cell or genomic behaviors of biodegradative bacteria in natural ecosystems. Bacterial metabolic capacity, which plays an important role in the global material cycle, contributes significantly to the buffering capacity for the huge and unintended release of various chemicals. Recently, however, the prosperity and globalization of material civilization has led not only to severe local contamination by hazardous chemicals, but also to continuous increment of contaminant concentrations worldwide. To solve such urgent global issues, bacterial functions that are involved in biodegradation of hazardous chemicals have been analyzed. The term “biodegradative bacteria” refers to those bacteria that have the ability to degrade such xenobiotic (man-made) and/or hazardous chemicals. Analyses of biodegradative bacteria include diverse areas of study, such as genetics, enzymology, genomics, cell physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. In other words, the targets investigated in research on biodegradative bacteria include single molecules, single cell systems, bacterial consortia (interaction with surrounding microorganisms), and interaction with surrounding biotic and abiotic materials. Such complexity makes the research on biodegradative bacteria difficult but quite interesting.
Microbial Applications Vol 1
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Author : Vipin Chandra Kalia
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-04
Microbial Applications Vol 1 written by Vipin Chandra Kalia and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-04 with Science categories.
This contributed volume sheds new light on waste management and the production of biofuels. The authors share insights into microbial applications to meet the challenges of environmental pollution and the ever- growing need for renewable energy. They also explain how healthy and balanced ecosystems can be created and maintained using strategies ranging from oil biodegration and detoxification of azo dyes to biofouling. In addition, the book illustrates how the metabolic abilities of microorganisms can be used in microbial fuel-cell technologies or for the production of biohydrogen. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the application of green biotechnology for bioremediation and the production of energy, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.
Stress Challenges And Immunity In Space
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Author : Alexander Chouker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-20
Stress Challenges And Immunity In Space written by Alexander Chouker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-20 with Medical categories.
Stress of either psychological or physical nature can activate and/or paralyse humans’ innate and adaptive immunity. However, adequate immunity is crucial to the maintenance of health on earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology and health are challenged by complex environmental stressors which might be at their most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. While previous publications have addressed the physiological changes that occur during space flight, this book goes further, by adopting an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the complex interaction of living conditions in space, the immune system, and astronauts’ health. It is explained how such analysis of the consequences of stress for the immune system may help in preventing, diagnosing, and counteracting immune-related alterations in health on earth as well as in space
Dna Replication Origins In Microbial Genomes Volume 2
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Author : Feng Gao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-23
Dna Replication Origins In Microbial Genomes Volume 2 written by Feng Gao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-23 with categories.
As guest editor, Prof. Gao has organized the Research Topic “DNA Replication Origins in Microbial Genomes” for Frontiers in Microbiology. Gratifyingly, the papers published in this Research Topic were highly accessed, and well-received by a wide international audience. Given its previous success, we decided to revisit this Research Topic with a second volume. We are pleased that this topic remains one of keen interest, and also surprised by the diversity of the manuscripts submitted for the second volume. The field is certainly moving in interesting new directions. We hope that readers find these articles both informative and entertaining, and we look forward to an exciting future for replication origin research.
Marine Pollution And Microbial Remediation
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Author : Milind Mohan Naik
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-23
Marine Pollution And Microbial Remediation written by Milind Mohan Naik and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-23 with Science categories.
Marine environment is the largest habitat covering approximately 70% of the total earth surface. Oceans are the main regulatory agent of earth’s climate and harbour a huge diversity of living organisms. Marine environment provide a unique ecological niche to different microbes which play a significant role in nutrient recycling as well as various environmental activities. However with rapid industrialization, urbanisation, ship trafficking and mining activities enormous amounts of waste including heavy metals, hydrocarbons, chemicals, dyes, organic load, agriculture waste, pesticides, antifoulants (e.g. tributyltin) and bacterial pathogens have accumulated in marine/estuarine environments over several decades and pose a serious threat to marine macro and micro biota and humans and therefore require special attention. However some natural marine microbes are known to possess diverse resistance mechanisms and degradation pathways to variety of toxic pollutants and these unique characteristics of marine/estuarine bacteria proved to be an ideal tool in bioremediation of contaminated marine and estuarine environmental sites. Reclamation of marine polluted environments using marine microbes has been found to be effective, affordable and ecofriendly technological solution over conventional physical and chemical methods. Objective of this book is focus on marine pollution and application of marine microorganisms in cost effective and ecofriendly methods of pollution abatement.
Microbial Diversity In The Genomic Era
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Author : Surajit Das
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-09-20
Microbial Diversity In The Genomic Era written by Surajit Das and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-20 with Science categories.
Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era presents insights on the techniques used for microbial taxonomy and phylogeny, along with their applications and respective pros and cons. Though many advanced techniques for the identification of any unknown bacterium are available in the genomics era, a far fewer number of the total microbial species have been discovered and identified to date. The assessment of microbial taxonomy and biosystematics techniques discovered and practiced in the current genomics era with suitable recommendations is the prime focus of this book. Discusses the techniques used for microbial taxonomy and phylogeny with their applications and respective pros and cons Reviews the evolving field of bacterial typing and the genomic technologies that enable comparative analysis of multiple genomes and the metagenomes of complex microbial environments Provides a uniform, standard methodology for species designation
Structure And Function Of The Bacterial Genome
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Author : Charles J. Dorman
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-04-28
Structure And Function Of The Bacterial Genome written by Charles J. Dorman and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-28 with Science categories.
Presents an integrated view of the expression of bacterial genetic information, genome architecture and function, and bacterial physiology and pathogenesis This book blends information from the very latest research on bacterial chromosome and nucleoid architecture, whole-genome analysis, cell signaling, and gene expression control with well-known gene regulation paradigms from model organisms (including pathogens) to give readers a picture of how information flows from the environment to the gene, modulating its expression and influencing the competitive fitness of the microbe. Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome explores the governance of the expression of the genes that make a bacterium what it is, and updates the basics of gene expression control with information about transcription promoter structure and function, the role of DNA as a regulatory factor (in addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information), small RNAs, RNAs that sense chemical signals, ribosomes and translation, posttranslational modification of proteins, and protein secretion. It looks at the forces driving the conservation and the evolution of the dynamic genome and offers chapters that cover DNA replication, DNA repair, plasmid biology, recombination, transposition, the roles of repetitive DNA sequences, horizontal gene transfer, the defense of the genome by CRISPR-Cas, restriction enzymes, Argonaute proteins and BREX systems. The book finishes with a chapter that gives an integrated overview of genome structure and function. Blends knowledge of gene regulatory mechanisms with a consideration of nucleoid structure and dynamics Offers a 'DNA-centric' approach to considering transcription control Views horizontal gene transfer from a gene regulation perspective Assesses the opportunities and limitations of designing synthetic microbes or rewiring existing ones Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students studying microbial cell biology, bacterial pathogenesis, gene regulation, and molecular microbiology. It will also appeal to principal investigators conducting research on these and related topics and researchers in synthetic biology and other arms of biotechnology.