Modal Emissions Modeling With Real Traffic Data

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Modal Emissions Modeling With Real Traffic Data

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Author : Jason A. Crawford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Modal Emissions Modeling With Real Traffic Data written by Jason A. Crawford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Air categories.

This report details the use of a modal emissions model to estimate the relative emissions of CO due to changes in vehicle operating characteristics on urban roadways. The Davis Institute for Transportation Studies Emissions Model (DITSEM) was selected to demonstrate the emissions characteristics of different freeway operating conditions. Instrumented vehicle data collected in Houston, Texas provides a set of operating parameters for which CO emissions are estimated. These estimates are calculated for different times of the day on the same facility to determine the relative emissions levels from a representative vehicle traveling on the freeway. The research team examined 10 samples along three roadways (two freeways, and one arterial). Implausible results were found in data exhibiting high average speeds (>60 mph) where average emissions rates were higher than those on the same roadway under congested conditions. This led to several conclusions of which the most important was that the DITSEM model not be used with samples where the percent of the driving cycle greater than 60 mph 2/sec exceeds 9%. This limit represents the highest value from which the model was derived for this variable. In addition, it is noted that the speed instrumentation was not able to provide sufficient precision for meaningful analysis with the available data.

Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements

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Author : Nikolaos Tsanakas
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-24

Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-24 with categories.

Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.

Validation Of Traffic Simulation Model Output For Work Zone And Mobile Source Emissions Modeling And Integration With Human In The Loop Driving Simulators

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Author : Shauna L. Hallmark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Validation Of Traffic Simulation Model Output For Work Zone And Mobile Source Emissions Modeling And Integration With Human In The Loop Driving Simulators written by Shauna L. Hallmark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Automobile driving simulators categories.

"The next generation motor vehicle emission rate model used in the US, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emmission Simulator (MOVES), requires second-by-second vehicle data in order to fully utilize model capabilities. However, field data collection of this type of data is resource intensive and frequently not realistic for local agencies. Some microsimulation models have the capability of outputting instantaneous speed and acceleration, which can be used in MOVES. With these capabilities, microsimulation offers a valuable tool to conduct analysis requiring a large number of data. ... Two case studies were used to assess the utility of the microsimulation model, Vissim, in developing output that can be used as input to MOVES. In one scenario, drivers were selected to drive an instrumented test vehicle along a test corridor. In another scenario, five drivers drove through a roundabout in the University of Iowa national Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Models for each scenario were also developed in Vissim. Model output was compared to field collected speed/acceleration profile data to assess the accuracy of microsimulation models in providing realistic estimates of vehicle activity as input to MOVES. Results were summarized to demonstrate the applicability of linking microsimulated vehicle activity data with emissions models to better estimate the emission impacts of different transportation strategies" (page vii).

Traffic Flow Dynamics

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Author : Martin Treiber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-10

Traffic Flow Dynamics written by Martin Treiber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-10 with Science categories.

This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.

The Development Of A Transportation Emissions Model Using A Distributed Client Server Architecture

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Author : Cheng Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

The Development Of A Transportation Emissions Model Using A Distributed Client Server Architecture written by Cheng Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Air categories.

Improving Traffic Simulation Models And Emissions Models Using On Board Vehicle Dynamics Data

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Author : Eric Daniel Jackson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Improving Traffic Simulation Models And Emissions Models Using On Board Vehicle Dynamics Data written by Eric Daniel Jackson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

The Impact Of Dynamic Assignment Methods And Speed Variability On Regional Vehicle Emissions Inventories

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Author : Song Bai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

The Impact Of Dynamic Assignment Methods And Speed Variability On Regional Vehicle Emissions Inventories written by Song Bai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

Integration Of Modal Vehicle Emission Models With The Transims Traffic Simulation Module

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Integration Of Modal Vehicle Emission Models With The Transims Traffic Simulation Module written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.

TRANSIMS is a set of integrated analytical and simulation models and supporting data bases. The TRANSIMS methods deal with individual behavioral units and proceed through several steps to estimate travel. TRANSIMS predicts trips for individual households, residents and vehicles rather than for zonal aggregations of households. TRANSIMS also predicts the movement of individual freight loads. A regional microsimulation executes the generated trips on the transportation network, modeling the individual vehicle interactions and predicting the transportation system performance. The purpose of the TRANSIMS environmental module is to translate traveler behavior into consequent air quality, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. There are four major tasks required to translate traveler behavior into environmental consequences: (1) estimate the emissions, (2) describe the atmospheric conditions into which the contaminants are emitted, (3) describe the local transport and dispersion, and (4) describe the chemical reactions that occur during transport and dispersion of the contaminants.

Improving Transportation Emissions Modeling By Integrating Ground Counts With Travel Demand Model Forecasts

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Author : Kuo-Shian Lin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Improving Transportation Emissions Modeling By Integrating Ground Counts With Travel Demand Model Forecasts written by Kuo-Shian Lin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.

Modeling Mobile Source Emissions

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-08-14

Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-14 with Science categories.

The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.